Mastopathy: kev kho mob nrog pej xeem tshuaj

Cov txheej txheem:

Mastopathy: kev kho mob nrog pej xeem tshuaj
Mastopathy: kev kho mob nrog pej xeem tshuaj

Video: Mastopathy: kev kho mob nrog pej xeem tshuaj

Video: Mastopathy: kev kho mob nrog pej xeem tshuaj
Video: Tus kab mob COVID-19 sib kis tau li cas? (How is COVID-19 spread?) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Mastopathy yog ib yam kab mob ntawm cov qog mammary ntawm qhov zoo, tshwm sim los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Kev kho mob mastopathy feem ntau suav nrog tsis tsuas yog noj tshuaj xwb, tab sis kuj tseem siv ntau yam kev kho neeg pej xeem: decoctions thiab tshuaj ntsuab tinctures, tshuaj pleev thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce.

Ua rau tus kab mob

Mastopathy yog qhov muaj ntau ntawm cov poj niam niaj hnub no hnub nyoog 30 xyoo. Cov kws kho mob mammology txheeb xyuas cov laj thawj hauv qab no ntawm nws qhov tshwm sim:

  • genetic predisposition;
  • hormonal imbalance, uas tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv kev nce hauv cov tshuaj estrogen hauv cov ntshav;
  • kab mob gynecological ntev: uterine fibromyoma, endometriosis, adnexitis, kab mob polycystic, thiab lwm yam;
  • tsis muaj menyuam thiab rho menyuam;
  • lub sijhawm lactation me me (txog 5 lub hlis) lossis nws tsis tuaj;
  • kab mob uas nrog los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv qib hormonal: ntshav qab zib, kab mob thyroid, kab mob siab, rog, thiab lwm yam.;
  • mob plab;
  • teeb meem kev puas siab puas ntsws: kev ntxhov siab, qaug zog, kev nyuaj siab;
  • siv tshuaj hormonal lossis tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
  • tsis muaj iodine hauv tus neeg mob lub cev;
  • tus cwj pwm phem: haus luam yeeb, haus dej cawv, thiab lwm yam.
Ointments thiab cream rau mastitis
Ointments thiab cream rau mastitis

Lub mis mastopathy: cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob

Yog tias tus poj niam muaj cov kab mob uas tau teev tseg, thiab nws nyob hauv "pab pawg muaj kev pheej hmoo", ces nws yuav tsum tau saib xyuas nws txoj kev xav thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov qog mammary. Txawm tias muaj kev ua txhaum me me thiab kev ua xyem xyav yuav tsum yog vim li cas mus ntsib kws kho tsiaj.

Cov tsos mob ntawm mastopathy qhia txog teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv:

  • hnov mob, hnyav, tag nrho, uas qee zaum tawg mus rau ntawm caj npab lossis lub xub pwg hniav, tsis xis nyob rau hnub ua ntej ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws;
  • ntiv tes palpable ntsaws ruaj ruaj lossis pob qhov rooj;
  • nce rhiab heev ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv ob txhais caj npab;
  • Hloov lub mis ntim, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm o ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas (mastodynia);
  • tawg thiab tawm ntawm lub txiv mis (dawb, ntsuab lossis daj) uas yuav tshwm sim thaum nias;
  • mob taub hau, migraines, tsis xis nyob hauv plab lossis plab hnyuv, ntxhov siab vim, ntshai.

Qhov tsos mob tsis zoo yog qhov laj thawj mus ntsib kws kho mob mammologist. Nyob rau theem pib ntawm tus kab mob, kev kho mob ntawm mastopathy feem ntau muaj kev cia siab ntawm kev rov ua tiav tom qab kev kho mob nyuaj. Yog tias cov neeg mob tus kheej noj tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum muaj hnub nyoog nruab nrab, ces qhov nce ntxivCov txheej txheem tsis zoo hauv cov qog mammary tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav malignant.

lub hauv siab x-ray
lub hauv siab x-ray

Kev faib cov ntawv ntawm mastopathy

Mastopathy yog tag nrho cov kab mob, uas suav nrog ntau dua 50 hom qog nqaij hlav uas zoo sib xws hauv ntau cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob.

Cov kws kho mob paub qhov txawv ntawm 2 hom kab mob tseem ceeb:

  • Diffuse mastopathy yog nrog los ntawm cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj hauv cov qog mammary, nyob ntawm cov khoom uas nws yog fibrous, cystic lossis sib xyaw (fibrocystic lossis FCM).
  • Nodular - cov tsos ntawm ib leeg lossis ntau qhov foci ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg compaction, nws suav nrog: ntau hom fibroadenomas; kab mob; papillomas intraductal; lipomas thiab lipogranulomas; angiomas thiab hamartomas.

Kev kho mob nyuaj

Kev kho mob mastopathy ib txwm yog tus kheej thiab suav nrog tus kws kho mob tom qab kuaj xyuas, raws li qib thiab daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob, muaj cov kab mob sib kis, hloov pauv hormonal thiab lwm yam.

Fibrocystic mastopathy
Fibrocystic mastopathy

Nws muaj ob peb cov lus qhia:

  • Kev noj zaub mov thiab noj zaub mov hloov.
  • Lingerie raug xaiv raws li kev nplij siab thiab tsis muaj qhov nyem lub mis, uas ntau dua rau cov uas muaj lub mis loj.
  • Ib qho ntawm cov vitamins uas txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob, normalizes hormonal tshuav thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm endocrine system: pawg B, A, E, C.
  • Diuretics hauv kev kho mob mastopathy tau sau rautxo qhov o ntawm lub hauv siab thiab caj dab, koj tuaj yeem siv tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj yej, txwv cov khoom noj qab ntsev.
  • Anti-inflammatory non-steroidal tshuaj - rau qhov mob nyem ("Nise", "Diclofenac").
  • Sedatives: valerian, motherwort, soothing teas thiab infusions.
  • tshuaj Hormonal los txo cov bioactivity ntawm estrogen thiab progesterone contraceptives, progestogens uas inhibit qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cysts.
  • Herbal npaj ("Mammolen").
  • tshuaj homeopathic muab txo qis hauv prolactin, muaj ob peb contraindications thiab phiv: Mastodion, Remens, Cyclodinone.
  • Tshuaj nrog iodine - tshuaj rau normalize cov thyroid caj pas: "Jodomarin", "Klamin", "Mamoklam".
Kev kuaj mob mastopathy
Kev kuaj mob mastopathy

Kev kho mob nrog txoj kev phais tsuas yog muab tshuaj yog tias tshuaj thiab lwm yam tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Kev khiav hauj lwm kuj tau ua nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas xav tias malignant qog.

Kev noj haus rau mastopathy

Muab rau hauv tus account ntau yam tsos mob ntawm mastopathy thiab kev kho mob uas kws kho mob tau sau tseg, ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia tseem ceeb yog tshuaj xyuas koj cov zaub mov. Tom qab tag nrho, kev siv qee yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig cuam tshuam rau qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj hormones hauv poj niam lub cev. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov kab mob thiab kev tsim tawm hauv cov qog mammary cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov hnyuv thiab cuam tshuam hauv nws cov kab mob flora.

Pom zoo sivcov zaub mov uas muaj fiber ntau (txiv hmab txiv ntoo, zaub, zaub), tsuas yog haus dej huv (1.5 litres ib hnub), muab kev nyiam rau cov khoom noj uas muaj calorie tsawg.

Kev noj haus rau mastopathy
Kev noj haus rau mastopathy

noj qab nyob zoo rau mastopathy:

  • nyoos cabbage - muaj peev xwm los thaiv cov tshuaj estrogen ntau dhau los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, muaj tag nrho cov vitamins;
  • blueberries, lingonberries, apricots thiab txiv kab ntxwv - txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov vitamins thiab minerals;
  • txiv lws suav, spinach, dill thiab lwm yam zaub - muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev zom zaub mov vim muaj fiber ntau;
  • nceb, taum, ntau yam cereals, whole grains;
  • ntses thiab nqaij nruab deg;
  • Y khoom noj mis: kefir, tsev cheese thiab yogurts.

Yuav tsum tau txo kom tsawg: noj cov zaub mov muaj roj thiab cawv vim lawv qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo ntawm cov tshuaj hormones, tsis suav nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus uas ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov kua dej hauv cov hlwv: kas fes, tshuaj yej muaj zog, chocolate, khoom qab zib thiab dej qab zib carbonated. Nws kuj tseem pom zoo kom txo qis kev noj cov nqaij, uas ua rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj estrogen hauv lub cev, cov khoom noj ceev (cov roj cholesterol ntau), chips thiab cov dej qab zib uas muaj suab thaj ntau.

Txwv tsis pub cov khoom noj rau mastopathy
Txwv tsis pub cov khoom noj rau mastopathy

Siv tshuaj ntsuab npaj thiab pej xeem txoj kev

Kev kho mob mastopathy nrog pej xeem cov tshuaj thiab tshuaj ntsuab npaj yog ib qho zoo ntxiv rau cov kev kho mob nyuaj los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.

Kev kho mob, 3 txoj kev siv ib txhij:

  • kevtshuaj ntsuab uas muaj kev kho mob dav dav: mob nyem, normalization ntawm hormonal zog ntawm lub cev;
  • immunomodulators - tshuaj ntsuab uas muaj tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
  • kho mob hauv zos: tshuaj pleev, tshuaj pleev, compresses.

Nrov infusions thiab tshuaj kho mob mastopathy:

  • Red txhuam tshuaj ntsuab - pab txhawb rau normalization ntawm hormonal tshuav, txo qhov mob, pab lub resorption ntawm seals; koj yuav tsum tau brew rau 1 tbsp. ib 200 g ntawm boiling dej, ces sawv ntsug rau 1 teev; haus infusion hauv 3 koob tshuaj 70 ml, chav kawm - 21 hnub, 10 hnub so thiab rov ua dua; Cov tshuaj no siv tau txawm tias nyob rau theem siab ntawm tus kab mob.
  • Infusion ntawm qhuav keeb kwm: peony (100 g) thiab licorice (30 g), liab cag (50 g), npaj nrog ntxiv ntawm 1 liter ntawm vodka thiab infused rau 2 lub lis piam nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, lim, coj. Raws li cov tswv yim, pib suav txij hnub 4 ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws, peb zaug 1 tsp. rau ib khob ntawm ntsuab tshuaj yej, maj mam coj mus rau 1 tbsp; chav kawm yog 2 lub hlis, ces so rau 1 lub hlis.
  • cawv tincture ntawm hemlock - muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg.
  • Propolis (10 g) tov nrog 100 g ntawm butter, preheated nyob rau hauv ib da dej, dissolve nyob rau hauv 1 tsp. 3 ib p. ib hnub.
  • Ib haus dej ua los ntawm cov zaub ntug hauv paus, beetroot, txiv qaub, qej thiab dub radish kua txiv, paj zib mu thiab Cahors (txhua yam yog muab rau hauv 100 ml) tom qab sib tov yog poured rau hauv ib lub taub ntim nrog ib lub hau, muab tso rau hauv lub tub yees. yuav tsum tau haus 1 tbsp. ½ teev ua ntej noj mov 3 p. ib hnub kom txog thaum lub raj mis khoob, ces so ntawm 1 lub hlis, rov ua 5 chav kawm ib xyoos.
Liab txhuam thiab boron uterus
Liab txhuam thiab boron uterus

Tshuaj ntsuab ntxiv dag zog rau lub cev thiab lub paj hlwb

Ib yam tseem ceeb uas pab hauv kev kho mob mastopathy ntawm cov qog mammary yog txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv lub cev thiab nce kev tiv thaiv. Rau cov hom phiaj no, cov tshuaj ib txwm qhia kom siv echinacea tincture (npaj ua), uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv 5-7 tee rau sov tshuaj yej 3-4 r. ib hnub.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tso dej ntawm walnut partitions yuav pab tau, uas yuav pab tau rau qhov tsis muaj iodine, nws kuj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas. Nws yog npaj yooj yim: rau 1 khob ntawm tws txiv ntseej, ntxiv ½ liter ntawm vodka thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw tsaus rau 15-20 hnub, 4 zaug 1 tsp. Ua ntej noj mov, lub sijhawm kawm - 1-2 lub hlis.

Sothing dej qab zib, raws li kev tshuaj xyuas, hauv kev kho mob mastopathy muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau txhua hom kab mob no. Herbal teas stabilizes pw tsaug zog thiab txo kev ntxhov siab:

  • Kev sib xyaw ntawm valerian cag hmoov, motherwort, fennel noob, sawv hips (finely tws los yog tws), cumin thiab oregano (tag nrho 100 g) npaj ua ntej thiab ncuav rau hauv ib lub khob iav; ob zaug ib hnub twg, npaj ib tug haus dej los ntawm 1 tbsp. l. tshuaj ntsuab ib 200 g ntawm boiling dej, tso tseg, lim, haus sov.
  • Npaj ib tug sib tov ntawm mint nplooj, fennel txiv hmab txiv ntoo, paj chamomile, valerian paus nyob rau hauv sib npaug zos proportions, ncuav rau hauv gauze (khoom nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw tsaus): 1 tbsp. l nyom ncuav 200 g ntawm boiling dej, ces tso tseg rau 1 teev, haus - peb zaug ½ tbsp.
Tshuaj ntsuab rau kev kho mob mastopathy
Tshuaj ntsuab rau kev kho mob mastopathy

Fibrous mastopathy tshuaj ntsuab kho mob

Daim ntawv ntawm tus kab mob no tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv pathology thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg cellular hauv cov qog mammary, uas qhov txawv txav ntawm cov khoom sib txuas thiab cov epithelium tshwm sim. Nws muab faib ua diffuse thiab nodular. Qhov tsis muaj ib qho qauv hauv kev kho mob ntawm fibrous mastopathy yog piav qhia los ntawm ntau yam thiab muaj cov kab mob sib kis.

Y Thaum diffuse mastopathy tshwm sim, kev loj hlob ntawm ntau hom ntaub so ntswg (cystic, fibrous thiab glandular), nrog rau lawv cov kev sib xyaw ua ke - fibrocystic daim ntawv. Nrog nodular fibrous mastopathy, cov nodes yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub mammary caj pas, uas tau muab faib ua 2 hom: cystic (muaj kua) thiab fibroadenoma (benign). Feem ntau nws nrog lymphadenitis nyob rau hauv axillary cheeb tsam.

Txhawm rau txo qhov mob thiab lwm yam tsos mob ntawm fibrous mastopathy, kev kho mob nrog tshuaj ntsuab thiab tshuaj pej xeem muaj cov zaub mov hauv qab no:

  • xiav tshuaj ntsuab infusion;
  • tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab nrog boron uterus pab tau zoo thaum mastopathy nrog cov kab mob ntawm zes qe menyuam thiab uterus;
  • tshuaj ntsuab sau ntawm motherwort, hlua thiab yarrow (2 tablespoons txhua) ncuav 1 liter ntawm boiling dej nyob rau hauv ib lub thermos, kaw thiab tso tseg rau 4-5 teev, haus 200 g 3 r. ib hnub.

Lotions hauv kev kho mob fibrous mastopathy yog siv los txo qhov mob thiab yaj cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj hauv siab:

  • Kev siv cov nplooj tshiab burdock lossis zaub qhwv dawb, uas yog siv rau hmo ntuj rau cov qog mammary, -pab txo qhov mob, o thiab mob; Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov infusion ntawm burdock.
  • Ib qho dej ntawm peppercorn yog npaj los ntawm cov nyom qhuav (2 tablespoons) ib 200 g ntawm boiling dej, sawv ntsug rau 20-25 feeb, cais cov tuab, moisten gauze nrog kua thiab siv tshuaj pleev ib ce 2-3 r. thaum nruab hnub; Cov kev kho mob zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem ua nrog thrombophlebitis vim yog qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm vascular o.
  • Sib tov ntawm carrot gruel, kua txiv beet, 1st. l. rhodiola rosea paus hmoov, 2 tsp. hiav txwv buckthorn roj kuj tseem siv rau kev pub niam mis thaum hmo ntuj.
  • Cov tshuaj pleev tshwj xeeb yog npaj los ntawm 1 tsp camphor roj, 1 tbsp. l. creamy thiab freshly squeezed beetroot kua txiv.
  • Propolis tshuaj pleev yog tsim los ntawm crushed mass tov nrog zaub roj nyob rau hauv ib tug ratio ntawm 1: 2.
lotion nplooj
lotion nplooj

YCystic mastopathy: lwm txoj kev kho mob

Cystic mastopathy yog suav tias yog qhov tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws thiab tshwm sim hauv ntau tus poj niam tom qab 30 xyoo. Feem ntau, nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces, ib puag ncig tsis zoo, tsis muaj lub neej kev sib deev, tsis muaj zaub mov noj, cov kab mob sib kis thiab, vim li ntawd, cov tshuaj hormonal tsis zoo hauv tus neeg mob lub cev.

Cystic mastopathy yog tshwm sim hauv kev tsim ntawm ntau lub pob nrog cov kua, uas muaj cov contours meej thiab cov qauv mos. Cov tsos mob ntawm cov hlwv feem ntau ua rau mob rau tus poj niam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub sijhawm ua ntej pib kev coj khaub ncaws.

Kev kho mob cystic mastopathy nrog pej xeem txoj kev:

  • Tincture liabya agaric yog npaj los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas cov kaus mom tshiab, uas tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv peb-liter, kaw nrog lub hau, tom qab ntawd muab tso rau hauv lub thoob hauv qhov khawb qhov tob txog li 70 cm thiab npog nrog lub ntiaj teb (koj yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv nws rau 1 lub lis piam). hli). Tom qab ntawd lim lub resulting loj los ntawm 5 txheej ntawm gauze - ib tug tsaus xim av kua nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb tsw txog li 1 liter yog tau. Koj yuav tsum khaws cia txias lossis cov kaus poom; Rau kev siv, infusion yog diluted nrog cawv ntawm tus nqi ntawm 4: 1 thiab noj pib nrog 1 nco thiab, ntxiv ib tee ib hnub, coj nws mus txog 10 (ntau tshaj 20). Kev kho mob yog 20 hnub, so yog ib lub lim tiam, thiab lwm yam. kom txog thaum rov ua tiav; Nrog tib txoj kev daws teeb meem, koj yuav tsum tau lubricate cov qog ntshav thiab o ntawm lub hauv siab (txoj kev no yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj, saib koj tus mob).
  • Qe qos yaj ywm paj (1 tbsp.) Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los brew 200 g ntawm boiling dej, sawv ntsug rau 20-30 feeb, rau kev kho mob, haus 1/3 tbsp. ua ntej noj mov txhua hnub.
  • Ib qho tshuaj ntawm tws xiav dos thiab zib mu yog ua raws li hauv qab no: sau ib lub thawv nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 1 liter mus rau nruab nrab nrog dos loj, ces ncuav May zib mu, khaws cia rau 2 lub lis piam nyob rau hauv lub tub yees los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug txias. qhov chaw nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, lim, haus 1 tbsp. ua ntej noj mov.
  • A botanical blend of nettle, sage, psyllium thiab mugwort los pab ntxuav cov ntshav, txo cov hlwv thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.
  • Cov qos yaj ywm rau hauv siab yog tsim los ntawm cov qos yaj ywm huv si nrog tev, sib tov nrog 5 g ntawm Ginger, qhov sib tov yog nteg tawm ntawm daim ntaub los yog nplooj zaub qhwv thiab siv rau hauv siab rau 4 teev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug compress, npog nrog ib tug sov so phuam rau saum, chav kawm yog mus txog 40hnub.
Tshuaj ntsuab kho mob
Tshuaj ntsuab kho mob

Kev kho neeg pej xeem rau FCM

Feem ntau, fibrocystic mastopathy yog tshwm sim los ntawm dyshormonal ntshawv siab ntawm lub cev, nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntau dhau thiab tsim ntawm ntau cov qog me me. Hauv lawv yog cov kua ntshiab, thaum mob tuaj yeem hloov mus rau caj npab thiab caj npab.

Cov zaub mov txawv rau kev kho mob fibrocystic mastopathy:

  • Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuab qhuav ntawm toadflax, liab clover, calendula thiab nettle yog npaj ua ntej; rau haus nws yog tsim nyog los ncuav 1 tbsp. l. 200 g ntawm boiling dej, noj 1/3 tbsp. 3 ib p. ua ntej noj mov.
  • Nees chestnut paj (qhuav - 5 tablespoons, tshiab - 10 tablespoons) brew 1 liter ntawm boiling dej, ces koj yuav tsum tau sawv ntsug ib hmos thiab lim, haus yog qaug dej qaug cawv nyob rau hauv me me feem txhua hnub, chav kawm yog 2 lub hlis..
  • Infusion ntawm crushed knotweed yog npaj los ntawm 1 tbsp. l. Tshuaj ntsuab yuav tsum tau brewed 200 g ntawm boiling dej, qhwv thiab muab tso rau 2 teev, haus 50 g peb zaug ua ntej noj mov.
  • Thaum zais los ntawm cov qog mammary, ib qho tincture ntawm hop cones yog tsim, uas lawv tau tev thiab nchuav rau hauv 15 pcs. 400 g ntawm boiling dej, ces npog lub tais nrog ib daim ntaub kom txog thaum txias, lim, haus 1 tbsp. l. 2 ib p. ua ntej noj mov.

Thaum siv ntau yam tshuaj ntsuab infusions thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev kho mob mastopathy ntawm lub caj pas mammary tom tsev tsis tuaj yeem pib yam tsis muaj kev kuaj xyuas tag nrho thiab suav nrog cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws tshaj lij, vim tias. Qhov no hem kom ua kom cov txheej txheem pathological thiab kev loj hlob ntawm neoplasms. Kev siv homeopathicthiab tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj ntsuab pab tsuas yog ua ke nrog kev noj zaub mov tshwj xeeb thiab tshuaj kws kho mob mammologist.

Pom zoo: