Lub raum necrosis: ua rau, tsos mob thiab kho

Cov txheej txheem:

Lub raum necrosis: ua rau, tsos mob thiab kho
Lub raum necrosis: ua rau, tsos mob thiab kho

Video: Lub raum necrosis: ua rau, tsos mob thiab kho

Video: Lub raum necrosis: ua rau, tsos mob thiab kho
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Lub raum ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub cev. Lawv ntxuav cov ntshav ntawm cov teeb meem tshuaj thiab toxins, tshem tawm lawv ib txwm. Tshuaj lom, ntau yam kab mob, thiab txawm tias cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Tag nrho cov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub raum necrosis.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

inflammatory txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub raum
inflammatory txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub raum

Lub raum necrosis yog ib yam mob uas cov qauv ntawm lub cev hloov pauv. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim muaj ntau yam laj thawj. Tus kab mob cuam tshuam rau papillae, tubules, txawm tias cov khoom cortical ntawm lub raum. Feem ntau, tus kab mob no tshwm sim raws li qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis tau them nyiaj thiab lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv cov zis.

Pathology ua rau cov ntaub so ntswg tuag, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntshav mus rau lwm yam kabmob. Lub raum necrosis txhim kho raws li ntau qhov xwm txheej. Nws tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ischemic hloov pauv hauv parenchyma lossis tshwm sim tom qab raug mob. Cov kev hloov no yeej ib txwm txaus ntshai rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej, vim lawv tuaj yeem ua rau lub raum tsis ua tiav lossis ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, uas yuav cuam tshuam.ua hauj lwm ntawm lwm lub cev tseem ceeb.

Lub raum necrosis tuaj yeem kis mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub plawv, daim siab thiab lub hlwb. Tab sis ntawm no ntau nyob ntawm qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob thiab qhov ua rau nws tshwm sim. Yog hais tias tus kab mob no mus sai heev, ces txoj kev cawm tib neeg txoj sia yuav yuag.

Dab tsi los ntawm

Dab tsi yog lub raum necrosis
Dab tsi yog lub raum necrosis

Cov laj thawj uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob no suav nrog:

  • tshuaj lom nrog ntau yam tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj lom, ntsev ntawm cov hlau hnyav;
  • yug nyuaj;
  • cev xeeb tub nrog placental abruption;
  • failed abortion;
  • kab mob sib kis thiab mob (feem ntau pyelonephritis);
  • ntau yam endocrine pathologies;
  • bacteriological sepsis;
  • tsis txaus ntshav ntws los ntawm parenchyma, raum infarction;
  • urolithiasis;
  • txo qis kev tiv thaiv;
  • kev raug mob uas cov ntshav ntws mus rau hauv lub cev raug cuam tshuam.

Txhua qhov ua rau lub raum necrosis tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau pawg, lawv tuaj yeem ua tau: kis- mob, mob thiab lwm yam. Ntau yam kab mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv pathological.

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lub raum necrosis
lub raum necrosis

Hauv tshuaj, muaj kev faib tawm ntawm ntau yam ntawm necrosis. Nws pab kom nkag siab qhov ua rau muaj tus kab mob thiab sau ntawv kho kom raug:

  1. hom papillary. Raws li txoj cai, nws tshwm sim raws li qhov teeb meem ntawm mob pyelonephritis, thaum muaj mob. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov ureter los ntawm kev suav lej lossis kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov zis tawm ntawm cov zis.
  2. Cork yam. Ib hom kab mob uas tsis tshua muaj, feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov poj niam raws li qhov teeb meem tom qab yug me nyuam. Tej zaum yuav nrog sepsis. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev puas tsuaj rau cov ntaub so ntswg cortical feem ntau pom hauv cov menyuam mos. Pathology yog qhov txaus ntshai vim nws cov tsos mob sib xyaw nrog cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob hauv qab, tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov hauv qab no tau pom: hematuria, ua npaws, tso zis tsis zoo, lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, qaug zog hauv lub cev.
  3. Necrosis ntawm epithelium ntawm convoluted tubules ntawm lub raum nyob rau hauv ib tug micropreparation thiab ib tug tiag tiag lub cev yog yam ntxwv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub hlwb ntawm lub nephron tubule. Feem ntau tus kab mob no tshwm sim vim raug cov tshuaj lom hauv lub cev. Tsis tas li ntawd, pathology tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm cov ntshav ntws mus rau hauv nruab nrog cev vim yog mob, raug mob, sepsis lossis poob siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nce qib ntawm necrosis ntawm lub epithelium ntawm cov tubules ntawm lub raum tuaj yeem yog kev phais, kev raug mob ntawm lub cev, lub zog ntawm lub cev lossis nws cov tubules, noj tshuaj lom.
  4. YCortical to. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm kev tuag ntawm cov hlwb ntawm lub raum cortex. Feem ntau kuaj pom hauv cov ntxhais ntawm ntau theem ntawm cev xeeb tub. Qhov ua rau ntawm pathology tuaj yeem yog intoxication nrog glycols, kis kab mob gram-tsis zoo. Yog tias cortical necrosis ntawm ob lub raum tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological tom qab rho menyuam tsis tiav lossis thaum lub sijhawm sepsis, endoscopic shock tej zaum yuav yog qhov tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus neeg mob tus mob deteriorates sai heev thiab tsim tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mob. Cov tsos mob feem ntau yog classic, tab sis nrog kev tuag ntawm lub raum cortex tuaj yeemmuaj anuria tiav.
  5. Focal necrosis. Hauv qhov no, cov kab mob yog suav tias yog ua rau cov nqaij mos tuag. Tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov tshwm sim ntawm daj ntseg treponema, tubercle bacillus, mycobacterium leprosy.

Tus kab mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis yog rau cov neeg laus xwb, tab sis kuj rau cov menyuam yaus. Necrosis ntawm lub raum nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no feem ntau manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm papillary los yog cortical hom. Kev kho mob ntawm pathology zoo ib yam li kev kho rau cov neeg laus.

Symptomatics

Muaj ntau yam cim qhia tias kev hloov pauv tsis tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lub cev:

  • pom cov protein hauv cov zis;
  • ntshav tso zis;
  • nausea;
  • kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev noj qab nyob zoo;
  • tsis qab los;
  • ntua;
  • drowsiness, impaired perception ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, apathy;
  • nce lub cev kub;
  • mob ntev thiab mob hnyav hauv cheeb tsam lumbar.

Thawj cov tsos mob ntawm lub raum necrosis uas ib tug neeg pom yog mob nyob rau hauv lub lumbar qaum. Tej zaum lawv yuav nrog kev noj qab haus huv tsis zoo thiab tsis ua haujlwm. Nws kuj tseem raug sau tseg tias muaj qhov tso zis ntau zaus, uas tom qab hloov los ntawm anuria. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem tso zis tsis pub ntau tshaj 50 milliliters ib hnub. Cov mob no yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, vim tias cov kua dej tsis tawm, lub siab nce, cov zis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb lossis lub ntsws, ua rau o. Tus neeg mob uas muaj cov tsos mob no xav tau kev pab xwm txheej ceev. Feem ntau, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob hauv qab, uas ua rau pathology, koom nrog cov cim saum toj no.

theem ntawm mob raum tubular necrosis

lub raum noj qab haus huv
lub raum noj qab haus huv

Cia peb xav txog qhov teeb meem no kom ntxaws. Thawj theem yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis muaj zog. Hauv qhov no, tus kab mob tuaj yeem kuaj tau tsuas yog tom qab kuaj kuaj. Feem ntau, kev hloov pauv cuam tshuam nrog cov zis muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws muaj leukocytes, erythrocytes, proteins thiab platelets. Nyob rau theem no, tus neeg mob txhawj xeeb txog qhov mob hauv thaj tsam lumbar.

Nyob rau theem thib ob, cov txheej txheem necrotic npog cov ntaub so ntswg, pom kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub raum txo qis, thiab cov zis tawm ntawm cov zis cuam tshuam. Lub sijhawm no, ib tug neeg muaj kev qaug zog, tsis txaus siab, tsis qab los noj mov, tus neeg mob yuav yws yws ntawm qhov mob ntawm ob txhais ceg thiab tso zis ntau zaus.

Nyob rau theem kawg, necrosis cuam tshuam rau lub cev tag nrho, txo nws txoj haujlwm. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub siab nce, diuresis tshwm sim. Tus neeg mob lub cev raug tshuaj lom los ntawm co toxins thiab cov khoom metabolic, tus neeg mob hnyav.

Diagnosis

Lub raum necrosis yog kho los ntawm nephrologist. Nws yog rau nws uas koj yuav tsum tau teem caij rau kev kuaj mob ntawm tus kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas tus kab mob no zuj zus, nws yog tsim nyog hu rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob nyob rau hauv tsev. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov hloov pauv pathological, raws li txoj cai, siv:

  • kuaj ntshav thiab zis;
  • Ultrasound ntawm lub raum thiab ureters;
  • urography;
  • CT thiab MRI ntawm lub cev.

Yog tias tus neeg xav tau kev pab thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, lawv ua biochemistry ntawm cov ntshav thiab zis, ultrasound. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav txaus los ntsuas qhov tseeb.

Kev kho mobkho mob

kho mob raum necrosis
kho mob raum necrosis

Kev siv cov tshuaj conservative hauv kev kho mob raum muaj feem cuam tshuam txog lub hauv paus. Yog tias necrosis tau tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm pyelonephritis, tom qab ntawd nws raug kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj broad-spectrum yog siv. Lawv tau muab tshuaj subcutaneously lossis intramuscularly, thaum mob hnyav, kev tswj hwm dav hlau tau xyaum.

Kev kho kab mob tua kab mob yog siv los nres cov txheej txheem necrotic inflammatory hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub raum. Yog hais tias qhov ua rau ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob yog lom, ces detoxification yog siv. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tshem tawm cov co toxins thiab tshuaj lom ntawm tib neeg lub cev kom sai li sai tau txhawm rau txhim kho lub raum ua haujlwm thiab txhim kho tus neeg mob.

Ntxiv mus, tus kws kho mob yuav sau tshuaj diuretics.

Hemodialysis

Txoj kev no yog siv thaum tso zis tawm ntawm cov zis. Nrog kev pab ntawm hemodialysis, nws muaj peev xwm los them rau tus neeg mob tus mob. Qhov xwm txheej tuaj yeem ua rau nyuaj dua yog tias tsis muaj cov cuab yeej siv rau cov txheej txheem no hauv chav saib xyuas hnyav. Tom qab tag nrho, ib tug neeg yuav tsis muaj sia nyob kev thauj mus los.

txoj kev ntxiv

phais mob raum
phais mob raum

Ntxiv rau cov kev ntsuas saum toj no, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:

  • ntshav ntshav;
  • plasmapheresis;
  • kev tshem tawm lossis tshem tawm lub raum;
  • cwb ntawm calyx thiab pelvis ntawm lub cev puas.

Ntawm no yuav tsum tau daim duab tiag.

Kev nyuaj siab

Tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm necrosis, hnyav heevkab mob xws li raum tsis ua hauj lwm thiab cov ntaub so ntswg tuag nyob rau hauv lub hlwb los yog lwm yam tseem ceeb hauv nruab nrog cev. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws yog qhov kev loj hlob sai ntawm tus kab mob, uas ua rau tuag.

Huab cua thiab tiv thaiv

Cov kws kho mob ntseeg tias yog ib lub raum raug cuam tshuam, koj tuaj yeem suav rau qhov kev pom zoo, vim nws tuaj yeem txiav. Yog tias kev tuag ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg cuam tshuam rau ob lub cev ib zaug, ces qhov tshwm sim ntxiv yog nyob ntawm kev kho mob.

Yog tias cov txheej txheem pathological tsis tuaj yeem nres nrog kev pab ntawm hemodialysis, tshuaj thiab lwm yam txheej txheem, ces txoj hauv kev rov qab los yog tsawg.

Pom zoo rau kev tiv thaiv:

  • kho mob raws sijhawm;
  • mus ntsib kws kho mob hlwb tsis tu ncua;
  • ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob;
  • khoom noj;
  • zam hypothermia.

Tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb ntawm lub raum necrosis, tab sis koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob yog tias koj saib xyuas lub cev.

Zoo kawg

mob raum
mob raum

Renal necrosis yog ib yam kab mob txaus ntshai uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Kev tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg tuag yog qhov nyuaj heev. Yog tias koj tsis tig mus rau tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv lub sijhawm thiab tsis tso tseg kev puas tsuaj, ces koj tuaj yeem ntsib teeb meem loj. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom kho tus kab mob ntawm koj tus kheej, yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv thawj qhov kev xav ntawm lub raum pathology, nws yog tsim nyog mus ntsib kws kho mob sai. Hmoov tsis zoo, lub sijhawm uas qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tuaj yeem raug txwv.

Pom zoo: