Ametropia yog qhov ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub qhov muag. Qhov kev ua txhaum cai no tuaj yeem tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm farsightedness los yog, conversely, myopia. Ib qho teeb meem hauv cov khoom ntawm retina nyob rau hauv lub refraction ntawm lub teeb thiab cov duab fixation yuav pom tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam.
Yog vim li cas
Ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ametropia (qhov no yog qhov ze ze thiab pom deb):
- Mechanical raug mob.
- Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev pom kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim kev puas tsuaj rau lub retina vim muaj ntau yam kev cuam tshuam sab nraud: tsheb sib tsoo, bruises thaum ua si pob, tawm tsam rau tus neeg uas xav tua neeg.
- Systematic o ntawm qhov muag.
- teeb pom kev tsis txaus hauv chav.
- tsis muaj cov vitamins hauv lub cev.
- Hereditary predisposition.
- Tej zaumtxhim kho vim muaj hnub nyoog hloov pauv.
- Nyob pem hauv ntej ntawm lub computer.
- Kev ua txhaum hauv lub cev hauv kev tsim cov leeg ntawm lub qhov muag.
- Tsis muaj zog ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub qhov muag yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm ametropia.
Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov muag tsis pom kev hauv cov menyuam yaus muaj kev loj hlob sai dua li cov neeg laus. Yog li ntawd, cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij txhua xyoo.
Symptoms
Nrog ametropia hauv cov menyuam yaus, squinting tau pom, qhov pom kev pom tau txo qis, thiab tseem muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb hauv kev pom kev nplij siab. Nrog hypermetropia, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov muag qaug zog, mob hauv lub orbits thiab hauv pliaj. Muaj ntau zaus hyperemia ntawm conjunctiva los yog accommodative astheopia.
Yog tias hypermetropia tsis raug kho raws sijhawm (feem ntau ua thaum menyuam yaus), nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm amblyopia thiab convergent concomitant strabismus. Ophthalmologists hu cov hauv qab no cov tsos mob tshwm sim tshaj plaws thiab tshwm sim ntawm ametropia:
- astheopia vim qhov muag nkees;
- mob khaub thuas thaum caij;
- qhov muag twitching sensation;
- ob lub zeem muag;
- mob taub hau;
- mob taub hau;
- tus neeg mob feem ntau rub qhov muag;
- tuav lub taub hau kom tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm cov ncauj lus.
Ametropia kuj tuaj yeem pom tias pom ze lossis pom deb. Yog li, nws tsim nyog hais tias cov tsos mob ncaj qha nyob ntawm hom ametropia. Yog hais tias nyob rau tib lub sij hawm strabismus tshwm sim, qhov muag tsis pom kev, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau nrhiav tswv yim tam sim ntawd los ntawm tus kws kho mob ophthalmologist. Raws li txoj cai, cov kab mob no feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob qhov muag, nws tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov neeg laus, tab sis kuj rau cov me nyuam.
Txoj kev kho
kho qhov tsom iav yog ib txoj hauv kev niaj hnub thiab niaj hnub kho ametropia. Cov tsom iav yog cov cuab yeej kho mob tshwj xeeb uas muaj cov lo ntsiab muag thiab thav duab. Nyob ntawm seb hom refractive pathology, ntau hom lo ntsiab muag raug xaiv, nrog ametropia ntawm qib sib txawv, qhov pom lub zog ntawm lub lens kuj hloov.
Kev taw qhia rau kev kho tsom iav:
- qib siab ntawm myopia;
- theem loj ntawm hypermetropia;
- astigmatism ntawm -6 txog +6 diopters;
- presbyopia - qhov txo qis hauv qhov pom kev pom tshwm sim tom qab 40-45 xyoo yog qhov qhia ncaj qha ntawm kev laus ntawm lub cev;
- meej;
- kev sib cuag lens intolerance;
- tsis tuaj yeem ntawm kev phais (laser) kho ntawm ametropia.
Contraindications rau spectacle adjustment:
- pheej hmoo ntawm qhov muag raug mob (kev ua si, kev ua si sab nraum zoov);
- kev tshaj lij uas xav tau lub zeem muag loj, xws li cov kws tsav dav hlau lossis cov neeg tua hluav taws;
- anisometropia (nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau dua 2 diopters);
- tus neeg intolerance rau tsom iav.
Lens Kho
Lens pom kev kho - hloovrefraction nrog lo ntsiab muag. Lawv raug hu ua kev sib cuag vim qhov tseeb tias lawv muaj kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog lub cornea - lub plhaub tsis muaj xim ntawm lub qhov muag. Lub qhov muag tiv thaiv yog lub khob me me, lub khob zoo li lub lens uas tau muab tso rau hauv qab ntawm daim tawv muag qis thiab so tawm ntawm lub cornea. Txog rau tam sim no, kev kho kev sib cuag tau txais kev txhawb nqa dav heev, vim tias nws yooj yim tso cai rau koj ua si cov kev ua si nquag, tsis txwv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub zeem muag, tsis siv lub siab ntawm tus choj ntawm lub qhov ntswg thiab auricles, tsis zoo li tsom iav.
Muaj txoj haujlwm uas kho lub lens tsuas yog haum rau myopia, tab sis qhov no tsis yog li ntawd. Txhua yam ntawm refractive pathologies tuaj yeem kho nrog kev pab ntawm lo ntsiab muag. Nws tsuas yog hais tias nrog qee yam pathologies, piv txwv li, nrog presbyopia, lawv siv tsis muaj qab hau, vim tias cov neeg mob uas muaj presbyopia hnav tsom iav tsuas yog ua haujlwm ze lossis nyeem ntawv.
Hnub no, lo ntsiab muag yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv (silicone hydrogel) uas yooj yim kis oxygen mus rau pob kws. Tus neeg mob tuaj yeem xaiv cov lo ntsiab muag uas zoo rau nws: tawv lossis mos (feem ntau yog siv cov mos mos), ntxiv rau, cov lo ntsiab muag tau muab faib nyob ntawm lub sijhawm hnav (ob lub lis piam, ib hlis, 3 lub hlis, thiab lwm yam). Ib hnub lo ntsiab muag tau nthuav dav, uas ib tug neeg yuav tawm thaum yav tsaus ntuj, muab pov tawm, muab cov tshiab rau hnub tom qab.
Contraindications rau kev siv lo ntsiab muag:
- refractive yuam kev ntawm qib tseem ceeb;
- tsis tu ncua conjunctivitis thiab blepharitis;
- deemodicosis ntawm daim tawv muag (muaj zuam kab mob).
Laser kho mob
Laser kho qhov muag - kho qhov muag tsis pom kev los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tuab ntawm lub pob kws siv lub laser excimer. Los ntawm kev hloov lub thickness ntawm lub cornea, nws lub zog pom tau raug hloov, vim hais tias lub teeb tsom mus rau lub retina, thiab tus neeg kom meej meej pom cov khoom nyob ib ncig ntawm. Kev kho qhov muag pom kev laser yog suav tias yog ib qho kev nce qib hauv ophthalmology tam sim no.
Muaj 2 hom kev kho laser rau ametropia ntawm lub qhov muag: photoreactive keratectomy (PRK) - lub laser excimer tshem tawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub cornea, hloov nws thickness. PRK tuaj yeem kho myopia (txog -6 diopters), hypermetropia (txog +3 diopters), astigmatism (txog -3 diopters).
Tom qab PRK, lub sijhawm rov qab zoo dua - txog li ob peb lub hlis, cov tee tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov muag. Qhov zoo ntawm PRK yog nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj mob ntawm kev ua haujlwm, lub sijhawm luv ntawm laser raug, thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov txiaj ntsig.
LASIK (electrolaser keratomileusis, lasik) - koom nrog kev sib txuas ntawm microsurgical thiab excimer laser theem. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem, nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug ophthalmologist, ib feem ntawm lub cornea yog khoov siv ib tug automated tshwj xeeb kev kho mob cuab yeej - microkeratome. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub thickness ntawm lub cornea, yav tas los suav nrog kev siv tshuab computer, raug tshem tawm los ntawm laser. Lub unfolded seem yog rov qab mus rau nws qhov chaw. Cov txheej txheem siv sijhawm 1-1.5 feeb. Tom qab ob peb teev, koj raug tso cai rov qab mus rau koj txoj kev ua neej li qub. Kho tau nrog LASIKqib siab tshaj ntawm ametropium.
Kev qhia
hom kev kho no tsis pab txhua yam kab mob. Cov lus qhia rau kev kho qhov muag pom kev laser:
- kev pom kev sib txawv;
- kev tshaj lij yuav tsum tau teb tam sim;
- kev ntshaw ntawm tus neeg mob nws tus kheej.
YContraindications
Contraindications:
- qis dua 18;
- progressive myopia;
- Y cev xeeb tub thiab lactation;
- cov kab mob loj hauv lub cev (piv txwv li, ntshav qab zib mellitus - ua txhaum ntawm cov piam thaj metabolism);
- mob kis kab mob.
Series kab mob qhov muag:
- mob xwm txheej;
- cataract (pob ntawm lub lens);
- glaucoma (nce intraocular siab);
- retinal detachment keeb kwm.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Kev Tiv Thaiv ametropia (qhov no yog myopia thiab farsightedness) pab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm qhov muag tsis pom kev. Cov hauv qab no yog siv los tiv thaiv qhov pib ntawm qhov muag tsis pom kev:
- teem sijhawm kuaj los ntawm tus kws kho qhov muag. Kev kuaj xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tso cai rau koj tswj tus menyuam qhov tsis pom kev, thiab tseem tiv thaiv kev txhim kho cov teeb meem txaus ntshai.
- kev tawm dag zog qhov muag txhua hnub. Kev siv cov kev tawm dag zog tshwj xeeb los ntxiv dag zog rau cov leeg ntawm lub qhov muag tso cai rau koj kom cov ntshav ncig hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab txo kev qaug zog thaum ua haujlwm hauv computer lossis nyeem phau ntawv.
- Kev faib tawm kom raugthauj khoom ntawm qhov muag tsom xam.
- Kev siv cov khoom vitamin thiab ntxhia. Kev tsis txaus ntawm cov vitamins A thiab C yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj rau kev txo qis ntawm qhov muag pom. Txo lub sij hawm siv rau pem hauv ntej ntawm lub computer.
- Siv cov khoom siv ntxiv kom pom cov teeb pom kev zoo hauv chav.
- taug kev sab nraum zoov txhua hnub.
- Siv phau ntawv loj, meej luam.
Ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo saum toj no yuav tso cai rau koj tswj lub zeem muag kom ntev thiab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm ametropia (qhov no yog kab mob qhov muag).
