Baby down - txhais li cas? Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm Down syndrome

Cov txheej txheem:

Baby down - txhais li cas? Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm Down syndrome
Baby down - txhais li cas? Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm Down syndrome

Video: Baby down - txhais li cas? Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm Down syndrome

Video: Baby down - txhais li cas? Cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob ntawm Down syndrome
Video: Pab neej muaj txiaj ntsig - pab dab tau khoom plig 10-10-2022 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Lo lus "down" hauv lub neej niaj hnub no feem ntau siv los ua kev thuam. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, ntau leej niam nrog bated ua tsis taus pa yog tos rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug ultrasound, ntshai cov tsos mob. Tom qab tag nrho, tus menyuam yaus hauv tsev neeg yog qhov kev sim nyuaj uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev ntxhov siab rau lub cev thiab lub hlwb. Yog li dab tsi yog Down syndrome? Nws cov tsos mob thiab cov tsos mob yog dab tsi?

Dab tsi yog Down Syndrome?

Down Syndrome yog ib hom kab mob pathology, ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm chromosomal anomaly. Nws yog nrog los ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm qee qhov ntsuas kev kho mob thiab ua txhaum txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub cev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias lo lus "kab mob" tsis siv tau ntawm no, vim peb tab tom tham txog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov cim qhia thiab qee yam zoo, i.e. hais txog tus mob syndrome.

Thawj qhov hais txog tus mob no tau raug liam tias tau sau tseg 1500 xyoo dhau los. Nws yog lub hnub nyoog no uas yog ntaus nqi rau qhov seem ntawm tus me nyuam uas muaj cov tsos mob ntawm down syndrome, pom nyob rau hauv lub necropolis ntawm Fabkis lub nroog ntawm Châlons-sur-Saone. Kev faus neeg tsis txawv ntawm qhov ib txwm muaj, los ntawm qhov uas nws tuaj yeem xaus lus tias cov neeg zoo sib xwskev sib txawv tsis raug rau pej xeem cov kev ntxhov siab.

Down syndrome tau piav qhia thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1866 los ntawm tus kws kho mob Askiv John Langdon Down. Ces tus kws tshawb fawb tau hu qhov tshwm sim no "Mongolism". Qee lub sij hawm tom qab ntawd, tus kab mob tau raug hu ua tus neeg nrhiav pom.

tus me nyuam
tus me nyuam

yog vim li cas?

Cov laj thawj rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tus mob Down tau paub tsuas yog xyoo 1959. Tom qab ntawd tus kws tshawb fawb Fab Kis Gerard Lejeune tau ua pov thawj ntawm caj ces ntawm cov kab mob no.

Nws tau muab tawm tias qhov tseeb ua rau tus mob yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib khub ntxiv ntawm chromosomes. Nws yog tsim nyob rau theem ntawm fertilization. Feem ntau, ib tug neeg noj qab nyob zoo muaj 46 khub ntawm chromosomes nyob rau hauv txhua lub cell, nyob rau hauv cov kab mob hlwb (qe thiab phev) raws nraim ib nrab ntawm lawv - 23. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm fertilization, lub qe thiab phev merge, lawv cov noob caj noob ces ua ke los tsim ib tug tshiab cell - ib zygote.

Soon the zygote pib faib. Thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem no, muaj los txog thaum tus naj npawb ntawm chromosomes nyob rau hauv ib lub cell npaj los faib ob npaug. Tab sis tam sim ntawd lawv diverge mus rau opposite ncej ntawm tes, tom qab uas nws muab faib ua ib nrab. Qhov no yog qhov yuam kev tshwm sim. Thaum 21 khub ntawm chromosomes diverges, nws tuaj yeem "lob" lwm tus nrog nws. Lub zygote tseem faib ntau zaus, lub embryo yog tsim. Nov yog cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tus mob Down tshwm sim.

cov me nyuam nqis
cov me nyuam nqis

Forms of the syndrome

Muaj peb hom Down syndrome nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm lawv cov txheej txheem caj cestshwm sim:

  • Trisomy. Qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv classic, nws qhov tshwm sim yog 94%. tshwm sim thaum muaj kev ua txhaum cai ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm 21 khub ntawm chromosomes thaum sib faib.
  • Kev hloov pauv. Hom Down Syndrome no tsawg dua, tsuas yog 5% ntawm cov neeg mob. Hauv qhov no, ib feem ntawm chromosome lossis tag nrho cov noob raug xa mus rau lwm qhov chaw. Cov khoom siv caj ces tuaj yeem "dhia" ntawm ib chromosome mus rau lwm qhov, lossis hauv tib chromosome. Nyob rau hauv cov tsos mob ntawm xws li ib tug syndrome, genetic khoom ntawm leej txiv plays lub luag hauj lwm txiav txim.
  • Mosaicism. Qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim tsuas yog 1-2% ntawm cov neeg mob. Nrog xws li kev ua txhaum cai, ib feem ntawm cov hlwb ntawm lub cev muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm chromosomes - 46, thiab lwm qhov yog loj, i.e. 47. Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj mob mosaic yuav txawv me ntsis ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg, tab sis me ntsis hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb. Feem ntau qhov kev kuaj mob no nyuaj rau kev lees paub.

Kev tshwm sim ntawm tus mob

Qhov muaj tus menyuam muaj tus mob Down yog ib qho yooj yim kom paub txog tam sim tom qab yug me nyuam. Koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau cov cim hauv qab no:

  • taub hau me me, rov qab tiaj;
  • ntsej muag, tiaj tus choj;
  • tsaig, qhov ncauj, pob ntseg;
  • qhov muag nrog tus yam ntxwv crease thiab oblique txiav;
  • nrawm qhib qhov ncauj;
  • qaug zog;
  • xibtes dav nrog daim tawv nqaij hla (liab) quav.
  • cov me nyuam nrog down syndrome
    cov me nyuam nrog down syndrome

Feem ntau cov menyuam yug tshiab uas muaj tus mob Downlees paub los ntawm cov yam ntxwv no. Lawv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm ib tus kws tshaj lij xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib tus neeg zoo tib yam. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev kuaj mob tau lees paub los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas kom ntxaws ntxiv thiab cov kev sim ntau yam.

Tus mob txaus ntshai npaum li cas?

Yog ib tug neeg yug hauv tsev neeg, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov no. Raws li txoj cai, cov menyuam yaus no, ntxiv rau cov cim qhia sab nraud, txhim kho pathologies loj:

  • kev tiv thaiv tsis zoo;
  • mob plawv tsis xws luag;
  • kev loj hlob hauv siab tsis tsim nyog.

Vim cov laj thawj no, tus me nyuam poob qis dua yuav kis tau rau thaum yau, raug mob ntsws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txoj kev loj hlob yog txuam nrog kev lag luam hauv kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab lub cev. Kev tsim qeeb ntawm lub plab zom mov tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis hauv enzyme kev ua haujlwm thiab nyuaj rau kev zom zaub mov. Feem ntau tus menyuam mos yuav tsum tau phais plawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem tsim kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lwm cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev.

Qee lub sijhawm ntsuas kev pab kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, kev soj ntsuam raws sij hawm tseem ceeb heev txawm nyob rau theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm intrauterine ntawm tus me nyuam hauv plab.

Risk pawg

Qhov nruab nrab qhov tshwm sim ntawm Down syndrome yog 1: 600 (1 tus menyuam hauv 600). Txawm li cas los xij, cov duab no txawv nyob ntawm ntau yam. Cov menyuam yaus feem ntau yug los rau cov poj niam tom qab 35 xyoo. Tus poj niam laus dua, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev muaj menyuam tsis taus. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau cov niam uas muaj hnub nyoog 35 xyoos kom tau txais tag nrho cov kev kuaj mob tsim nyog ntawm ntau theem ntawm cev xeeb tub.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev yug me nyuam ntawm Down syndrome tshwm sim hauvleej niam hnub nyoog qis dua 25. Pom tias muaj hnub nyoog ntawm leej txiv, muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib yuav thiab, oddly txaus, lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus pog kuj yog vim li cas rau qhov no.

yug los
yug los

Diagnosis

Hnub no, Down syndrome tuaj yeem kuaj pom tau thaum lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub. Qhov kev hu ua "down analysis" suav nrog ntau yam kev tshawb fawb. Txhua txoj kev kuaj mob ua ntej yug menyuam yog hu ua prenatal thiab tau muab faib ua ob pawg:

  • invasive - cuam tshuam kev phais ntawm qhov chaw amniotic;
  • non-invasive - tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub cev.

Thawj pab pawg muaj xws li:

  • Amniocentesis. Amniotic kua yog muab nrog ib rab koob tshwj xeeb. Cov hlwb uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua dej no yog raug rau kev tshawb nrhiav caj ces rau qhov muaj cov chromosomal txawv txav. Txoj kev xav, txoj kev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau tus menyuam hauv plab, yog li nws tsis raug sau tseg rau txhua tus.
  • Noj me me ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg (biopsy) uas ua rau fetal membrane (chorion). Nws ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv tau muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshawb nrhiav caj ces.

    nqes tsom xam
    nqes tsom xam

Pab pawg thib ob ntawm txoj hauv kev suav nrog kev nyab xeeb dua, piv txwv li, ultrasound thiab kev tshawb fawb biochemical. Down syndrome ntawm ultrasound tau kuaj pom los ntawm lub lim tiam 12 ntawm cev xeeb tub. Feem ntau txoj kev tshawb no yog ua ke nrog kev kuaj ntshav. Yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo tias tus poj niam yuav xeeb tub, nws yuav tsum tau mus kuaj ntau yam.

Nws tiv thaiv tau?

Tiv thaivCov tsos mob ntawm tus me nyuam nrog Down syndrome tsuas yog ua tau ua ntej qhov pib ntawm kev xeeb tub los ntawm kev kuaj caj ces ntawm leej niam thiab leej txiv. Kev ntsuam xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav qhia txog qib ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm chromosomal pathology hauv tus menyuam hauv plab. Qhov no suav nrog ntau yam - hnub nyoog ntawm leej niam, leej txiv, pog, muaj kev sib yuav nrog cov neeg txheeb ze, cov xwm txheej ntawm kev yug me nyuam hauv tsev neeg.

Thaum kawm txog qhov teeb meem thaum ntxov, tus poj niam muaj cai txiav txim siab ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab. Kev loj hlob tus me nyuam nrog Down syndrome yog ib txoj kev nyuaj heev thiab siv sij hawm. Tag nrho nws lub neej xws li tus me nyuam yuav xav tau kev kho mob zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias txawm tias cov menyuam yaus muaj qhov tsis taus no tuaj yeem kawm hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab ua tiav hauv lub neej.

Puas muaj tshuaj kho?

Down Syndrome ntseeg tias yuav kho tsis tau vim nws yog kab mob caj ces. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj txoj hauv kev los txo nws qhov tshwm sim.

Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tus mob Down xav tau kev saib xyuas ntxiv. Nrog rau kev kho mob uas tsim nyog, lawv xav tau kev kawm kom raug. Tau ntev lawm lawv tsis tuaj yeem kawm paub saib xyuas lawv tus kheej li cas, yog li nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev txawj ntse hauv lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv xav tau kev sib tham tas li nrog tus kws kho mob hais lus thiab tus kws kho lub cev. Muaj cov kev pab cuam kho mob tshwj xeeb rau cov menyuam no los pab lawv txhim kho thiab hloov mus rau zej zog.

cov me nyuam mos nrog down syndrome
cov me nyuam mos nrog down syndrome

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no raws li kev kho cov qia cell tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau kev lag luam hauv lub cev ntawm tus menyuam. Txoj kev kho tuaj yeem normalize pob txha loj hlob, kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb, tsim kom muaj kev noj haus zoo ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev, thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv. Kev taw qhia cov qia hlwb rau hauv tus menyuam lub cev pib tam sim tom qab yug menyuam.

Muaj pov thawj ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob mus ntev nrog qee yam tshuaj. Lawv txhim kho cov metabolism thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus menyuam yaus uas muaj tus mob Down.

Txhob Cia Siab thiab Lub Neej

Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tus mob Down pom tias nws nyuaj heev los hloov mus rau hauv zej zog. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lawv xav tau kev sib txuas lus zoo heev. Cov menyuam yaus hauv qab yog tus phooj ywg zoo heev, yooj yim rau kev sib cuag, zoo, txawm tias lub siab hloov pauv. Rau cov zoo no, lawv feem ntau hu ua "cov me nyuam hnub ci".

Nyob rau hauv Russia, tus cwj pwm rau cov me nyuam raug kev txom nyem los ntawm chromosomal abnormality tsis txawv los ntawm kev ua siab zoo. Ib tug menyuam yaus uas muaj kev loj hlob qeeb yuav dhau los ua kev thuam ntawm nws cov phooj ywg, uas yuav cuam tshuam rau nws txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb.

Cov neeg mob Down Syndrome yuav ntsib teeb meem thoob plaws hauv lawv lub neej. Nws tsis yooj yim rau lawv mus rau hauv kindergarten, tsev kawm ntawv. Lawv muaj teeb meem tau hauj lwm. Nws tsis yooj yim rau lawv pib tsev neeg, tab sis txawm tias lawv ua tiav, muaj teeb meem ntawm kev muaj peev xwm muaj menyuam. Cov txiv neej Downs yog infertile, thiab cov poj niam muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv.

Down syndrome ntawm ultrasound
Down syndrome ntawm ultrasound

Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg uas muaj tus mob Down tuaj yeem ua rau tag nrho lub neej. Lawv muaj peev xwm kawm tau, txawm tias cov txheej txheem no qeeb qeeb rau lawv. Ntawm cov neeg zoo li no muaj ntau tus neeg ua yeeb yam, uas tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1999Theatre of the Innocent nyob rau hauv Moscow.

Pom zoo: