Tshuaj Kho Mob: Kev faib tawm, kev ua haujlwm, kev qhia

Cov txheej txheem:

Tshuaj Kho Mob: Kev faib tawm, kev ua haujlwm, kev qhia
Tshuaj Kho Mob: Kev faib tawm, kev ua haujlwm, kev qhia

Video: Tshuaj Kho Mob: Kev faib tawm, kev ua haujlwm, kev qhia

Video: Tshuaj Kho Mob: Kev faib tawm, kev ua haujlwm, kev qhia
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Anonim

Mob ib txwm tshwm sim tsis tau npaj txhij thiab feem ntau qhia txog cov txheej txheem pathological tshwm sim hauv lub cev. Qee zaum, thaum qhov mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev raug mob me, tsis tas yuav siv tshuaj. Tshwj tsis yog tus kws kho mob sau tshuaj kho mob me me. Thiab qee zaum kev txom nyem ntawm ib tug neeg muaj zog heev uas tsuas yog txhais tau tias muaj zog - cov tshuaj tua kab mob - tuaj yeem tiv nrog lawv. Cia peb tham txog lawv kom ntxaws ntxiv hauv kab lus no.

txhaj tshuaj kho mob
txhaj tshuaj kho mob

Narcotic analgesics

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no suav nrog cov tshuaj uas muaj zog heev hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov tshuaj opioid ntawm lub hlwb. Thaum siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob, tus neeg mob qhov kev txom nyem maj mam txo qis, qhov kev xav ntawm kev tos rau qhov kev tawm tsam tom ntej no ploj mus. Txawm li cas los xij, tus neeg mob tseem nco qab thiab tsis poob cov ntaub so ntswg rhiab heev raukev cuam tshuam sab nraud. Qhov peculiarity ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lwm yam tshuaj npaj los tshem tawm tib neeg kev txom nyem yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm euphoria thiab tsim ntawm dependence raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev siv ntev.

Narcotic analgesics rau hom hauv qab no:

  • agonists;
  • antagonists;
  • agonists-antagonists.

Cia peb piav. Opioid receptor agonists thiab agonist-antagonists sib txawv hauv lawv cov phiaj xwm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev mob siab, thaum cov antagonists tseem ua rau rov qab los ntawm lub xeev ntawm kev noj ntau dhau los ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm opiates.

Kev faib tshuaj

Tag nrho cov tshuaj kho mob uas paub tau muab faib ua peb pawg:

  1. Natural origin. Cov no suav nrog cov tshuaj opioid uas tsim los ntawm hypnotic poppy (morphine, codeine).
  2. Semi-synthetic tshuaj - Ethylmorphine, Omnopon. Cov tshuaj no tau txais los ntawm kev hloov cov tshuaj ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm molecular theem.
  3. Synthetic tshuaj. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog txhua tus neeg tsim tshuaj kho mob uas tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog opiates tsim los ntawm xwm. Ntawm lawv yog Promedol, Sufentanil, Fentanyl thiab lwm yam.

Narcotic painkillers raug cais tsis yog los ntawm qhov tshwm sim, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov tshuaj formula:

  1. Derivatives ntawm morphine. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov neeg paub dav dav, cov tshuaj muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm cov hauv paus chiv keeb, morphine thiab codeine, nrog rau lawv cov khoom siv hluavtaws.derivatives: "Nalorfin", "Nalbufin", "Butorphanol", "Pentazocine".
  2. Acyclic tshuaj. Tam sim no, tsuas yog Estocin tsuas yog siv los ntawm pawg nyiaj no.
  3. Piperidine derivatives. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog Promedol, Fentanyl, Dipidolor, Sufentanil, Imodium.
  4. Cyclohexane derivatives. Qhov no yog ib pawg ntawm agonist-antagonists, uas qhia tias muaj kev tiv thaiv tsawg dua rau lawv nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau yav dhau los pawg ntawm cov tshuaj. Cov tshuaj no suav nrog Tramadol, Valoron, Tilidin.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev

Tus txheej txheem ntawm qhov mob yog qhov nyuaj heev. Tib neeg lub cev yog tag nrho ntawm ntau lub paj hlwb. Txhua tus ntawm lawv reacts rau sab hauv lossis sab nraud stimuli. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim mus raws cov hlab ntsha xaus mus rau tus txha caj qaum. Ntawm no qhov rhiab heev nce. Qhov mob siab ntxiv mus ntxiv mus rau lub hlwb. Qhov ntawd, dhau los, ua cov ntaub ntawv tau txais thiab tsim cov lus teb.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias ib tug neeg muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev rub, ntse lossis mob ntev. Cia peb piav qhia ntau ntxiv. Mob mob tshwm sim poob nthav, nws yog nrog los ntawm ib tug instant tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, ib tug neeg maj mam rub nws txhais tes tawm ntawm qhov hluav taws kub. Mob npub yog nrog los ntawm kev hnov mob thiab ntau yam kev tshwm sim, xws li xeev siab, nce hws, kiv taub hau, tachycardia. Tib neeg lub cev yog tsim nyob rau hauv xws li ib txoj kev uas nws muaj peev xwm nres ib tug tsis kaj siab syndrome ntawm nws tus kheej nrog kev pab los ntawm opiate receptors. Lawv activation txhawb ib tug haib pov-nyob rau hauvntshav cov tshuaj uas txo rhiab heev. Yog li, qhov mob tsis tu ncua yog soothed.

Narcotic tshuaj, cuam tshuam nrog opiate receptors, tsa lawv thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha nyob ntawm kev noj tshuaj:

  • pab kom lub cev muaj peev xwm ua siab ntev rau kev mob siab;
  • blunts ntshai thiab kev ntxhov siab ua ntej tshwm sim qaug dab peg;
  • txo lub cev teb rau qhov mob.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov receptors nyob tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tus txha caj qaum thiab lub hlwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb thoob plaws hauv lub cev. Opiates muaj peev xwm nkag mus txawm los ntawm cov teeb meem nyuaj, uas piav qhia lwm yam ntawm lawv cov teebmeem - euphoria. Los ntawm kev noj tshuaj tua kab mob-tshuaj, tus neeg mob tau mob siab, tuaj yeem pom kev hnov lus, tsis hnov qhov kev xav thiab kev ntshai tshwm sim los ntawm qhov mob.

Kev Tsim Kho Kev Txhaum Cai

Yam tsawg kawg ib zaug hnov zoo siab thiab so kom txaus, tus neeg xav rov ua dua nrog tag nrho nws lub zog. Yog li ntawd, nws pib noj tshuaj dua. Yog li, kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj yog tsim.

tshuaj kho mob muaj zog
tshuaj kho mob muaj zog

Nrog kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog ntawm pawg neeg opium, lub cev tau siv rau cov tshuaj uas tau pab tsis ntev los no, nws tsis txaus. Yuav kom poob rov qab mus rau hauv lub xeev ntawm so, ib tug neeg yuav tsum tau noj tshuaj ntau ntxiv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, dhau sijhawm, lub cev nres tsim cov tshuaj endogenous uas txo qhov mob, uas ua rau lub cev tshem tawm. Yog li, nws txhim khokev quav yeeb quav tshuaj.

Cov lus qhia rau kev siv

Vim tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj ntau dhau los ntawm kev noj tshuaj hauv pawg no, lawv tau qhia rau kev kho mob tsuas yog tshwj xeeb:

  • mob ntev ntev hauv cov qog malignant;
  • dulling mob hauv kub hnyiab;
  • mob thaum yug menyuam;
  • Muab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv siab;
  • mob nyem rau myocardial infarction;
  • predication thaum siv tshuaj loog;
  • mob nyem rau lub sijhawm tom qab phais.

Thaum twg nws tsis raug cai noj tshuaj kho mob?

Raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj loog, qee cov neeg mob raug txwv tsis pub noj cov tshuaj no.

cov tshuaj muaj zog tshaj plaws
cov tshuaj muaj zog tshaj plaws

Contraindications suav nrog:

  1. Kev siv tshuaj los ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua kaum xyoo. Paralysis tej zaum yuav tshwm sim.
  2. Impaired functioning of respiratory system. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov tshuaj analgesics cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov chaw inhibitory ntawm lub hlwb uas muab cov pa pauv.
  3. Tshem tawm qhov mob hauv kev phais (ntau qhov kev kuaj mob nyuaj) nyob rau hauv lub xeev "mob plab" uas tsis paub keeb kwm.
  4. Pathology ntawm lub siab ua haujlwm.
  5. raum tsis ua haujlwm.
  6. Opiates zoo li ua rau cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub hlwb, yog li lawv raug coj los ntawm cov neeg mob uas raug mob lub hlwb los yog muaj zog intracranial siab.txwv tsis pub.
  7. Kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv.
  8. Advanced age. Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov hnub nyoog qeb ntawm cov neeg mob, ces lawv feem ntau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm lub raum thiab hepatic insufficiency, uas yog aggravated los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm analgesics.
  9. Nqa tus menyuam thiab lub sijhawm pub niam mis. Txawm tias qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, opiates hla cov placenta, ua mob rau tus menyuam.

Ob pawg kawg yog cov neeg mob uas cov tshuaj siv tau tsuas yog thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev.

Side effects

Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj twg yog siv los ua tshuaj tua kab mob, cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv qab no tau pom:

tshuaj mob ua ntej tshuaj
tshuaj mob ua ntej tshuaj
  • Teeb meem ntsig txog plab hnyuv.
  • Toxic megacolon.
  • Kev tso zis.
  • Kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab paj hlwb.
  • txo qis ntshav siab.

Cov tsos mob ntawm kev mob lom thiab ntau dhau

Ntau tshaj li cov tshuaj tso cai thaum noj cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau qaug cawv, uas qhia los ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

  • overexcitement;
  • kev hais lus tsis zoo;
  • hyperreactivity;
  • nqhis thiab qhov ncauj qhuav;
  • khaus ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab caj dab.

Tom qab 30 feeb, tus neeg xav tias qaug zog thiab qaug zog. Cov nyhuv ntawm tshuaj lom yog qhia los ntawm kiv taub hau, tsis meej pem, tsaug zog.

Nws tseem yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv kev txhaj tshuaj muaj zog dua rau lub cev thiab muaj kev phiv tshwm sim.

Kev noj ntau dhau hauv feem ntau yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txiav txim siab ua kom tau txais kev zoo siab. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas qhov ntau tshaj qhov tseem ceeb, tus neeg yuav poob mus rau hauv coma. Kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau yog qhia los ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

  • tub kawm ntawv constriction;
  • convulsive xeev;
  • ua tsis taus pa;
  • txo qis siab thiab lub cev kub.

Kev kho mob lom lom thiab overdose

Cov neeg uas muaj kev quav yeeb tshuaj yuav tsum raug coj mus rau qhov chaw kho mob tam sim ntawd. Ntawm cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kho mob tshuaj lom neeg yog Naloxone.

tshuaj mob ua ntej tshuaj
tshuaj mob ua ntej tshuaj

Nws qhov kev txiav txim yog ua raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm morphine los ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj, kev ua pa ua pa rov zoo li qub, kev nco qab rov qab los. Yog tias tsis muaj kev txhim kho, qhov tshuaj lom yog tshwm sim los ntawm lwm yam.

Nrog rau kev siv Naloxone, tus neeg mob tau muab lub plab tso rau hauv plab thiab muab tshuaj loog, neoanthropes, vitamin complexes thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.

Non-narcotic analgesics: txawv

Cov lus ceeb toom tseem ceeb hauv qab no yuav tsum nco ntsoov. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev txiav txim thiab kev phom sij, cov tshuaj narcotic tsuas yog siv tau raws li kws kho mob tau sau tseg. Thiab tsuas yog nyob hauv tsev kho mob xwb.

Ib qho lwm txoj rau lawv tuaj yeem yog cov tshuaj tsis yog tshuaj yeeb tshuaj uas cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb peripheral. Lawv feem ntau siv los tshem tawm qhov mob hnyav. Muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo txaus rau oncology, tab sis tsis yog tshuaj. Cov tshuaj no tsuas yog siv tau, tab sis muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Muaj tseeb tiag, lawv siv los txo qhov mob hnyav heev.

tshuaj kho mob
tshuaj kho mob

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lawv qhov kev ua yog txo qis kev tsim cov prostaglandin. Cov tshuaj no yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov mob ntawm qhov sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob yog tsim los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj, tshuaj pleev, tshuaj pleev, tshuaj tsuag, thaj ua rau thaj, ntsiav tshuaj. Lawv muaj ntau yam khoom xyaw.

Cov tshuaj no tau siv dav hauv kev kho hniav thiab kev xyaum hauv tsev. Lawv yuav tsum tau siv raws li cov lus qhia txuas nrog.

Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob tshaj tshuaj yog tias lawv tsis muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws, tsis ua rau muaj kev quav yeeb quav tshuaj, kev zoo siab thiab kev vam khom.

Yog vodka yog tshuaj?

Txhua tus neeg paub txog keeb kwm xwm txheej thaum txoj cai qhuav tau qhia, thiab cov kev tsis zoo ntawm tib neeg rau qhov no. Cov neeg feem coob ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv cawv tsis tuaj yeem sib npaug nrog cov tshuaj narcotic, suav tias yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev noj vodka tsis tu ncua hauv cov ntim loj tau pom txij li thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem.

Muab cawv rau lub cevtib neeg, nws tuaj yeem muab piv nrog cov tshuaj narcotic. Hauv cov koob tshuaj me me (txog 50 ml), vodka muaj qhov ua rau mob me me thiab sedative nyhuv. Nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau (los ntawm 250 ml) nws ua raws li ib tug psychotropic tshuaj, uas yog: ib tug neeg poob kev tswj tus kheej, tus kheej zoo raug rhuav tshem, ib tug tshem tawm syndrome.

Cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo tshaj plaws yog vodka lossis tshuaj
Cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo tshaj plaws yog vodka lossis tshuaj

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev haus vodka

Qee zaum koj tuaj yeem hnov cov lus nug: "Qhov twg zoo dua rau kev tso tshuaj loog: vodka lossis tshuaj?" Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua teb lo lus nug no unambiguously. Nws tag nrho nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Tab sis nws tuaj yeem sib cav tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv cawv cawv tsis muaj kev phom sij tsawg dua li cov tshuaj:

  1. Kev tsis zoo ntawm kev txawj tsav tsheb zoo. Kev quav tshuaj rau vodka pab txhawb rau qhov degradation ntawm lub paj hlwb. Qhov no ua rau kom tshee tshee, hais lus tsis zoo thiab tsis sib haum xeeb, ua rau qeeb qeeb.
  2. Yog ib tug neeg tsis tu ncua haus cawv ntau li tsib xyoos lossis ntau dua, kev pheej hmoo ntawm mob stroke thiab plawv nres yuav nce ntxiv.
  3. Kev sib cais ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm neural, uas cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb. Ib tug neeg tsis pom cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, nco deteriorates.
  4. Alcoholism ua rau atrophy ntawm cov hlab ntsha thiab deterioration ntawm cardiovascular system.
  5. Qee zaum, urolithiasis tshwm. Nws cuam tshuam rau txiv neej thiab poj niam sib npaug. Nws yog manifested los ntawm mob bouts ntawm qhov mob. Tsis yog txhua hom pob zeb tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm, yog li ntawd, qhov mob rov tshwm sim tuaj yeem nrog tus neeg mus thoob plawslife.
  6. Kev quav dej quav cawv ua rau lub siab mob cirrhosis, ua rau tuag taus.

Zoo kawg

Cov kab lus qhia txog cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim, contraindications thiab indications rau kev nkag tau piav qhia. Kev sib piv ntawm cov tshuaj no nrog cov tshuaj tsis yog tshuaj narcotic thiab cawv yog muab.

Pom zoo: