Prosthetics yog suav tias yog ib txoj kev kho hniav uas muaj. Nws suav nrog kev tsim cov qauv, ua cov hniav, noj cov kev xav, kho cov prosthesis. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum mus tsis tau tsuas yog mus rau orthopedist. Koj kuj yuav tsum tau mus ntsib tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb kom pom cov hniav. Cov txheej txheem no tau piav qhia hauv kab lus.
Txoj kev xav
Kev xav ntawm cov hniav - pom cov hniav, cov nqaij mos thiab cov pob txha ntawm cov kab noj hniav ntawm qhov ncauj ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Kev xav yog ib yam khoom uas muaj zog tom qab raug tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov ncauj. Nws suav nrog cov contours ntawm cov hniav, cov zaub ntawm muco-alveolar strands thiab lwm yam qauv: transverse palatine sutures ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv, frenulum, daim di ncauj, tus nplaig.
Yog tsis muaj cam khwb cia ntawm cov hniav, nws yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua cov qauv plaster thiab cov qauv orthopedic. Kev xav tau ua tsis yog los ntawm cov kws kho mob orthopedic nkaus xwb, orthodontists kuj ua cov txheej txheem no. Nrog kev pab los ntawm casts, kuaj mob los yog ua hauj lwm qauv yog tsim los kawm cov pathological daim ntawv ntawm tom, ntsuas qhov loj ntawm cov hniav, puab tsaig.
Kev rho tawm yog dab tsi?
Kev xav kho hniav yog xav tau rau:
- Brackets. Cov tshuab no ua cov kev kho ntawm ntau yam pathologies ntawm cov hniav. Lingual braces feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov kev xav ntawm tus kheej.
- Trainers. Ua tsaug rau cov log tsheb mos elastic, anomalies raug tshem tawm. Txij li thaum lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj ntawm qhov kaw ntawm cov hniav sib txawv rau txhua tus, muaj kev xav tau ua ntej txhim kho cov khoom.
- Cov ntaub ntawv. Tshem tawm qhov tsis zoo tom thaum menyuam yaus yuav tig tawm nrog daim hlau. Txhawm rau muab cov khoom tso rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, nws yog tsim los ntawm tus kheej cam khwb cia.
- Cov hniav ntxuav hniav dawb. Thaum tsis muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom ruaj khov, cov hniav tshem tawm tau tsim. Tej zaum lawv yuav txawv, tab sis lawv txhua tus tau ua raws li kev xav ntawm kev kho hniav.
- Nkauj koob tsheej. Yog hais tias ib los yog ntau dua cov hniav ploj, crowns muab tso rau. Yuav kom tau txais cov cam khwb cia zoo, 2 txoj kev siv: polyester loj thiab ib rab diav qhib.
- Bridges. Kev tshoov siab yog tsim los ntawm lub puab tsaig ob peb zaug. Qhov thib ib yog rau kev tsim tus ncej ntawm prosthesis, qhov thib ob yog rau lub cev.
- Ib tus neeg abutments. Ib qho kev xav tau coj los ua ntej cov implants tso rau hauv cov pos hniav. Raws li qhov kev xav, hom abutment raug xaiv.
Xav tau ntau qhov kev xav xav tau rau cov yas hauv tsev, cov tais tuav, cov aligners. Ua cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj los ua cov khoom siv kho hniav zoo.
Views
Tooth impressions tau muab faib raws li cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Lawv tuaj yeem yog:
- anatomical thiab ua haujlwm;
- full, ib nrab;
- alginate, silicone, polyester (los ntawm cov khoom);
- ib theem, ob theem;
- ib theem, ob theem;
- compression, decompression.
Nrog kev pab los ntawm anatomical impressions, lub xeev ntawm cov hniav, cov ntaub so ntswg mos, cov pob txha pob txha tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm physiological so. Cov yeeb yaj kiab no tau ua ntau zaus, tab sis lawv muaj lawv tus kheej qhia.
Cov kev xav ua haujlwm tau koom nrog kev sim tshuaj Herbst, uas ua rau muaj kev xav zoo li cov npoo los ntawm kev thim lub puab tsaig, rub daim di ncauj rau pem hauv ntej thiab qhib lub qhov ncauj dav. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb, txij li kev coj mus rau hauv tus account cov kev txwv no yuav pab ua kom muaj kev tsim qauv uas yuav tsis ua rau tus neeg mob lub neej. Cov kev xav no feem ntau yog tsim los ua kom tiav cov khoom siv tes ua kom tshem tau.
khoom siv tawv
Cov khoom siv sib txawv yog siv los ua qauv. Kev pom kev kho hniav feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj. Lub ntsiab yog crystalline gypsum. Nws muaj nuj nqis rau nws tus nqi pheej yig, tus nqi qis, ua kom pom tseeb ntawm kev kho hniav thiab cov ntaub so ntswg zoo nkauj.
Tam sim no nws tsis tshua siv, txij li cov gypsum nrog crystallization thiab hardening raug tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov ncauj hauv qhov chaw, thiab tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tau muab piv rau hauv ib qho qauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, plaster yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los coj cov kev xav ntawm cov hniav uas yog cov khoom txawb heev.
Elastic khoom
Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev xav ntawm cov hniav los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv elastic. Alginate tshuaj nquag siv. Qhov zoo muaj xws li: kev nkag tau yooj yim, sawv cev zoo ntawm cov qauv ntawm qhov ncauj, xim hloov thaum lub sij hawmkneading cov khoom, uas yog pov thawj ntawm nws npaj yuav muab ntxiv rau lub diav.
Ntawm qhov tsis txaus, qhov muaj zog deformation ntawm cov cam khwb cia yog qhov txawv. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ceev nrooj cov qauv plaster. Alginates yuav tsis haum. Qee cov yas thiab txuas hniav yuav tsum muaj qhov tseeb sawv cev ntawm gingival feem ntawm cov hniav thiaj li tsim tau tus qauv raug. Cov impressions no yog siv rau stamped crowns, inlays, tiav tshem tawm cov hniav cuav, thiab clasp prosthetics. Tus neeg sawv cev hauv kev thov ntawm cov kws kho hniav yog cov khoom siv Stomalgin.
YSilicon
2 hom silicones yog siv: C-silicones thiab A-silicones. Cov npe no tau txais los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm polyaddition los yog polycondensation, uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm hardening masses. Lawv yog cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws uas muab qhov tseeb sawv cev ntawm gingiva thiab xub pwg.
Ua ntej thov A-silicones, tsis tas yuav tshem tawm cov dej kom tiav. Qhov tsis zoo yog tus nqi: nws siab.
C-silicone yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm ntawm cov kua hauv qhov ncauj. Cov kev xav zoo li no yog siv rau cov qauv nrum, piv txwv li, Puffy Spadex. Cov ntaub ntawv no suav nrog "Dentol" - cov khoom siv nrog guaiacol, clove roj thiab zinc oxide. Nws muaj cov khoom zoo thiab saj qab ntxiag.
YPolyester
Lawv kim, tab sis lawv tso cai rau koj kom tau txais kev pom tseeb ntawm kev nyem ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm qhov ncauj, cov hniav, pob txha tsim. Qhov no yuav pab ua kom pom cov hniav nrog cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws.
YThermoplastic
Raws li lub npe qhia,lub xeev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no hloov nrog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Thaum lub sij hawm cua sov, cov khoom softens, thiab thaum lub sij hawm txias, nws hardens. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm hom no suav nrog:
- siv tau yooj yim;
- zoo sib txuas;
- reusable.
Tab sis kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo:
- pheej hmoo ntawm kev xav deformation thaum tshem tawm pawg;
- tsis yog tus sawv cev zoo ntawm qhov ncauj.
pawg no suav nrog Kerr pawg 1, 2, 3:
- Siv rau relining prostheses los ntawm edentulous puab tsaig. Tsis tas li nrog qhov kev pom no, kev xav tau raug coj mus rau cov khoom siv nrog kev ua tiav adentia.
- Siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv maxillofacial.
- Kev xav tau coj mus rau ib nrab-crowns, inlays, qee lub log tsheb.
qauv
suav nrog ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog: siv quav ciab, stearin, paraffin, lawv ua ke. Cov txiaj ntsig suav nrog:
- kev yooj yim;
- versatility;
- muaj tseeb sawv cev ntawm cov hniav thiab cov ntaub so ntswg impressions.
Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm deformation vim qhov muag ntawm cov quav ciab nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas kub.
Requirements
Yuav kom muaj kev zoo siab rau kev kho hniav rau cov hniav kom zoo, nws yuav tsum ua tau raws li cov hauv qab no:
- Kev pom tseeb ntawm kev kho hniav, qhov ncauj quav, kev sib hloov palatine folds, frenulum, buccal alveolar bands.
- Kev cais tawm ntawm pores,deformations.
Yog tias muaj deformations, qhov pores, tsis raug tso tawm ntawm cov casts tom qab tshem tawm ntawm cov hniav, yuav tsum rov xav dua. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshem tawm cuam tshuam qhov yooj yim ntawm kev siv thiab tiv thaiv kev raug mob ntawm cov khoom.
Npaj ua haujlwm
Yuav luag tam sim tom qab xaiv cov khoom, tus kws kho mob tau txais kev tshoov siab. Tab sis ua ntej ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj loog hauv zos, nws ua qhov kev npaj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov hniav. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau qhuav lub qhov ncauj nrog paj rwb swabs. Cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb siv tau - rab phom.
Ces tus diav yog xaiv thiab sim rau. Thaum qhov loj yog txiav txim siab, cov khoom yog kneaded. Nrog rau qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm cov hniav, kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob dentoalveolar. Yog tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem mus ntev, muaj qhov txo qis hauv cov pob txha, cov pob txha outgrowths tshwm - exostoses. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej yuav ua ib qho kev xav, kev phais kev npaj ntawm lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav yuav tsum tau prosthetics.
Kev rho tawm
Yuav ua li cas kho hniav cam khwb cia? Thaum kuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej, cov khoom siv rau qhov kev xav tau raug xaiv, cov hniav raug ua tiav, cov khoom siv kev xav tau sib xyaw los ntawm tus kws kho mob thiab muab tso rau ntawm rab diav. Cov cam khwb cia yog muab tso rau hauv lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Spoons tuaj rau hauv:
- hlau thiab tsis yog hlau;
- siab, qis;
- compression, decompression.
Qhov luaj li cas ntawm rab diav yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov loj me, cov duab ntawm lub puab tsaig, qhov dav, qhov ntev ntawm cov hniav thiab qhov siab ntawm cov yas. Cov kws kho mob orthopedic muaj cov diav txheem, ua tsaug rau qhov haum uas koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov loj me.
Tab sis tsis yog nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub koj tuaj yeem siv cov diav txheem, qee zaum nws yuav tsim nyog los tsim cov khoom siv ib leeg. Tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem ua tus diav nws tus kheej. Txoj haujlwm no yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho hniav. Raws li qhov chaw kho mob, hom kev tsim kho, tus kws kho mob xaiv cov chav kawm tsim nyog ntawm kev xav, lawv hom. Tom qab ntawd tus kws tshaj lij kneads cov khoom thiab ua rau muaj kev xav. Tom qab ntawd cov cam khwb cia yog ntxuav hauv dej ntws thiab kho nrog tshuaj tua kab mob. Tom qab ntawd lub plaster yog kneaded thiab tus qauv yog cam khwb cia.
Tus nqi
Tus nqi ntawm cov hniav cam tuaj yeem sib txawv. Qhov no yog txiav txim los ntawm:
- tus kheej nta;
- xaiv cov khoom.
Ib qho tseem ceeb nuance yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov gingival ib feem. Qhov no yuav tso cai rau cov khoom zoo prosthetics. Feem ntau, cov kws kho mob hais kom siv cov khoom kim.
Txoj kev ua tiav ntawm kev kho mob yog nyob ntawm qhov tsim nyog ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Tus kws kho mob uas muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab qhov xav tau ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv thiab xaiv cov khoom siv prosthesis uas tsim nyog. Kev tsim cov hniav cam kom raug yuav pab kho kom zoo.
