Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm, peb yuav xav txog yuav ua li cas chav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov neeg laus yuav tsum tau teeb tsa.
Rau lub koom haum tsim nyog ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv, lub tsev kho mob yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv tso cai tsim nyog rau hom kev ua ub no, uas yog muab los ntawm thaj chaw (teb chaws, nroog, cheeb tsam) lub cev ntawm kev noj qab haus huv., thiab chaw ua haujlwm txhaj tshuaj, nws yuav tsum teb rau SanPin.
Yog tsis muaj ib chav cais
Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem muaj chav cais (piv txwv li, hauv tsev kho mob uas ua haujlwm rau cov neeg laus), lub sijhawm teem sijhawm yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab rau kev txhaj tshuaj txhua hnub, thaum lwm yam kev kho mob thiab cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tsis txhob ua. hauv chav no. Nws raug txwv nruj kom ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv chav hnav khaub ncaws.
Nyob rau hauv npe ntawm ib lub tsev kho mob neeg lauskoj tuaj yeem tau txais tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog hais txog yuav ua li cas txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab teem caij nrog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.
khoom siv
Cov khoom siv ntawm chav txhaj tshuaj ntawm tus neeg laus polyclinic yuav tsum suav nrog:
- tub yees nrog cov ntawv tshwj xeeb rhawv tsim los khaws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- txee rau kev tiv thaiv kev poob siab thiab cov cuab yeej (0.1% kev daws ntawm adrenaline, noradrenaline lossis mezaton) thiab 5% tshuaj ephedrine.
- Ethyl cawv, ammonia, sib xyaw ntawm ether thiab cawv.
- Glucocorticosteroid tshuaj - Dexamethasone, Prednisolone los yog Hydrocortisone, 2.5% tov ntawm cov tshuaj "Suprastin", 1% tov ntawm cov tshuaj "Tavegil", cardiac glycosides ("Korglikon", "Strophanthin"), 0.9% sodium chloride tshuaj, 2.4% aminophylline tov.
- Cov koob txhaj tshuaj pov tseg, muab cov koob ntxiv rau lawv, tonometer, ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub, lub cev tsis muaj zog (tweezers), hluav taws xob nqus.
- Ntim rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab pov tseg cov cuab yeej siv.
- cais cov ntawv cim rau hom txhaj tshuaj.
- Bixes nrog cov khoom tsis muaj menyuam.
- Desk rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm chav txhaj tshuaj.
- Lub rooj zaum kho mob lossis lub rooj hloov pauv.
- Sab ntxuav tes.
- Cov lus qhia rau kev siv txhua yam tshuaj uas siv rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv (hauv cov ntawv sib cais).
- Germicidal lamp.
- Cov ntaub ntawv qhia thiab txheej txheem rau ntawmtxhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lwm yam tshuaj siv nyiaj thiab sau phau ntawv.
- daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj (rau txhua hom tshuaj tiv thaiv).
- Phau ntawv xov xwm kho qhov ntsuas kub ntawm lub tub yees.
- Gericidal lamp operation log.
- Kev tu lub hauv paus.
Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los muab ob chav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus polyclinic tib lub sijhawm: ib qho rau kev kuaj tuberculin thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, lwm qhov rau tag nrho lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem muaj chav rau lub chaw ua haujlwm thib ob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tsim cov sijhawm tshwj xeeb thiab hnub rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, muab lub rooj sib cais rau cov khoom siv (cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculin, BCG) nrog cov ntawv ntim rau kev pov tseg cov koob siv. thiab koob txhaj tshuaj.
Phau ntawv & Cov ntaub ntawv
Tus thawj coj tus kws kho mob rau kev ua haujlwm kho mob (raws li kev txiav txim ntawm tus kws kho mob lub taub hau ntawm lub tsev kho mob) lossis lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev thaum tsis muaj thawj tus tswj xyuas cov dej num ntawm chav txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov neeg laus polyclinic.
Rau qhov kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv, tsuas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txawv teb chaws thiab txawv teb chaws tau pom zoo siv hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub xeev thiab sau npe hauv qee qhov kev txiav txim yuav tsum tau siv.
Khaws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov neeg laus yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev huv tshwj xeebcov cai, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub tub yees, ntawm qhov kub txog li 2-8 ° C nyob rau hauv raws li cov annotations ntawm kev siv tshuaj. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv diluents kuj yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv tub yees kom tsis txhob ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom sov thaum lub sij hawm npaj.
Kev npaj chav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv dab tsi ntxiv?
Lub sijhawm khaws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv chav txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 1 lub hlis. Raws li lub sijhawm no, nws raug nquahu kom npaj cov tshuaj tuaj, suav nrog qhov ntim ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ua haujlwm hauv lub tsev kho mob no ib hlis.
Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm chav txhaj tshuaj hauv txhua lub tsev kho mob muaj qee qhov sib txawv - ib hnub yuav tsum muaj kev huv huv, lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb rau kev txais pej xeem, thiab lwm yam.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kws saib xyuas neeg mob ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv
Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, chav txhaj tshuaj tus kws tu neeg mob yuav tsum:
- tshuaj xyuas qhov xaus ntawm tus kws kho mob (tus kws kho mob) txog lub xeev kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg mob uas tuaj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv;
- ua kom tsis muaj contraindications rau kev txhaj tshuaj;
- ntxuav tes;
- tshuaj xyuas lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm lub ampoule nrog kev teem sijhawm ntawm tus kws tshaj lij;
- ua raws li cov txheej txheem xav tau rau kev npaj tshuaj (tso tshuaj tiv thaiv sorbed, qhib lub ampoule raws li cov cai ntawm tshuaj tua kab mob, dissolving tus neeg sawv cev lyophilized, thiab lwm yam) raws li cov lus qhia rau kev siv.
Tsis tsim nyog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv:
- nrog lub cev tsis tsim nyogzoo;
- ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm vials lossis ampoules;
- ploj lossis tsis meej cov cim;
- expired;
- khaws cia nrog kev ua txhaum cai kub.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tseeb thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv?
Thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, xyuas kom meej:
- kev kho mob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj (piv txwv li, nrog kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular thiab subcutaneous - 70% cawv daws);
- siv cov koob thiab koob txhaj tshuaj pov tseg xwb;
- koob tshuaj, txoj hauv kev thiab qhov chaw ntawm nws cov thawj coj.
Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv koj xav tau:
- tso lub vial rau hauv lub tub yees thaum rov muab cov tshuaj ua raws li cov lus cog tseg thiab kev cia;
- ua ib qho kev nkag mus txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv daim ntawv kho mob, nrog rau hauv "Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv", uas yog nyob rau hauv cov pej xeem txhais tes, qhia lub npe ntawm cov tshuaj, hnub ntawm kev tswj hwm, koob thiab koob tshuaj;
- Qhia tus neeg mob txog qhov muaj peev xwm tshwm sim rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob yog tias muaj lawv;
- txhawm rau saib xyuas cov neeg mob tom qab kev tswj hwm tshuaj rau lub sijhawm txiav txim siab los ntawm cov lus qhia rau kev siv;
- chav txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav 2 zaug hauv ib hnub uas siv cov ntawv sau npe cais siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob (1% kev daws teeb meem, chloramine, alaminol, thiab lwm yam). Kev tu dav dav ntawm chav txhaj tshuaj yog ua ib zaug ib lub lim tiam.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov neeg laus
Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv txhaj tshuaj raucov neeg laus suav nrog yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ib xyoos ib zaug lossis ob peb xyoos.
Yuav tsum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog:
- Txij los ntawm tus mob khaub thuas - muaj txhua xyoo rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 18 xyoo. Kev txhaj tshuaj yog pub dawb rau cov tub ntxhais kawm lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm. Nws yog ua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm lossis hauv qhov chaw ntawm cov txheej txheem kev kawm. Cov neeg so haujlwm thiab cov neeg poob haujlwm tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas ntawm lawv lub tsev kho mob hauv zos.
- Ntawm tus kab mob pneumococcal. Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tau ua tiav txog 60 xyoo. Pawg pheej hmoo suav nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov neeg haus luam yeeb thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub. Kev txhaj tshuaj pab tiv thaiv kab mob xws li mob meningitis thiab mob ntsws. Kev txhaj tshuaj yog xaiv tau thiab them nyiaj.
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv lichen. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov tsiaj txhu thiab hav zoov tuaj yeem kis tus kabmob shingles. Ntawm cov chaw ua liaj ua teb loj, cov neeg ua haujlwm, raws li txoj cai, tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv dawb. Lwm cov pej xeem raug txhaj tshuaj ntawm lub siab kom txog thaum muaj hnub nyoog 60.
- Los ntawm qhua pias. Nws yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob npaws, qhua pias thiab rubella. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau txhua cheeb tsam. Thaum twg txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias rau cov neeg laus? Kev txhaj tshuaj yog muab rau cov neeg laus hnub nyoog 18-25 xyoo. Cov txiv neej tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tub rog. Thaum cov neeg laus txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias, tsis yog txhua tus paub. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias yog muab rau thawj peb lub hlis twg ntawm cev xeeb tub. Cov neeg muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob qis yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab thiab mob qhua pias ua ntej.
- kab mob siab B. Qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tau ua mus txog rau hnub nyoog 55, ib zaug thaum muaj hnub nyoog 10. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no yog ua tiav dawb hauv tsev kho mob. Pawg txaus ntshai suav nrog:Cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib.
- BCG. Cov neeg mob hnub nyoog qis dua 35 xyoos suav nrog hauv daim ntawv teev npe txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (yuav tsum tau ua). Tsis tas li ntawd, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ua mus txog rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 55 xyoo raws li kev them nyiaj.
- Nyob ntawm kab mob qhua pias. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog me nyuam yaus (rau cov uas tsis tau muaj nws) lossis yog tias muaj menyuam hauv tsev neeg. Nws yog nqa tawm ntawm lub tsev kho mob ntawm lub siab nyiam.
- DTP. Cov neeg laus tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus, diphtheria, hnoos hawb pob los yog hauv DTP complex. Daim ntawv qhia hnub suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob no rau cov neeg mob ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog. Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub raug caw tuaj ua nws hauv tsev kho mob antenatal. Cov neeg laus tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus ib zaug txhua 10 xyoo.
- Los ntawm meningitis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal. Nws suav nrog hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub yuav tsum tau nyob hauv tsev kawm ntawv thiab hauv kev ua tub rog. Ua tiav mus txog 24 xyoo. Qhov twg thiaj tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tick-borne encephalitis, peb yuav qhia hauv qab no.
- Los ntawm kab mob siab A. Ua tau mus txog 25 xyoo. Cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem yog qhov txaus ntshai.
- Los ntawm rabies. Kev txhaj tshuaj yog pom zoo ib xyoos ib zaug kom txog rau thaum muaj hnub nyoog 60 xyoo. Raws li daim ntawv qhia hnub, xws li kev txhaj tshuaj yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov neeg ua haujlwm dev, cov neeg yos hav zoov, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo. Kev txhaj tshuaj muaj nyob rau ntawm kev thov.
- Los ntawm zuam-borne encephalitis. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no tau ua tiav, raws li txoj cai, hauv peb theem, ib xyoos ib zaug. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv koj tus kheej hauv lub caij ntuj sov, nws yuav tsum tau pib thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj no. Qhov twg thiaj tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus zuam-borne encephalitis? Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog them thiabtau ua hauv polyclinics.
- Ntawm polio. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no tau muab rau cov neeg laus uas nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kev kis kab mob loj zuj zus tuaj.
Yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv
Tsis yog txhua qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv suav nrog hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Cov kab mob kis thoob qhov txhia chaw plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, hauv txoj kab nruab nrab - ntawm qhov xav tau. Daim ntawv teev cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum muaj xws li txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B, qhua pias, rubella. Txhua cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem muab tau ntawm qhov txais tos ntawm tus neeg laus polyclinic.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Ntau hom tshuaj lom neeg siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov tseem ceeb yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Tam sim no, hom tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab no tau siv los tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis:
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj tag nrho cov kab mob tuag, xws li kab mob typhoid, pertussis, kab mob cholera lossis cov kab mob uas tsis siv tshuaj tiv thaiv - Salk polio tshuaj tiv thaiv, mob khaub thuas.
- Toxoids, uas muaj cov tshuaj tsis ua haujlwm uas tsim los ntawm cov kab mob microbe, xws li tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid.
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv, suav nrog cov kab mob nyob hauv cov kab mob thiab kab mob: mumps, measles, polio influenza, plague, anthrax, tularemia.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj cov kab mob sib kisCov kab mob uas cuam tshuam nrog tus kab mob ua rau tus kab mob (pox, brucellosis).
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, uas muaj cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob tuag (pneumococci, typhoid-paratyphoid, meningococci).
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiam tshiab - rov ua dua tshiab, tsim kho caj ces, subunit, tsim khoom tsim tawm, polypeptide thiab lwm yam, tsim los siv cov kev ua tiav tshiab hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob, biotechnology thiab molecular biology. Ua tsaug rau cov hau kev no, qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv twb tau txais los tiv thaiv kab mob khaub thuas, kab mob siab B thiab lwm yam kab mob.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib koom uas muaj ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv (mob-measles, DPT-vaccine thiab mumps-rube-measles, thiab lwm yam).
Contraindications thiab ncua kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum muaj txiaj ntsig thiab nyab xeeb. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov teeb meem thiab cov kev mob tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum paub txog contraindications rau qee qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, uas tau muab faib ua ib ntus thiab mus tas li. Cov tom kawg yog hu ua lub neej muaj kev phom sij. Piv txwv li:
- mob tsis zoo rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los (o, kub taub hau, tawv nqaij tawv heev);
- immunodeficiency xeev (hauv qhov no, sera nrog cov kab mob nyob tsis tuaj yeem siv, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuag tau tso cai);
- cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim tom qab kev taw qhia ntawm tib lub ntim ntawm cov ntshav (kev ua xua hnyav - convulsions, anaphylactic shock, encephalopathy, poob ntshav siab).
Daim ntawv teev cov contraindications ib ntus suav nrog cov xwm txheej uas tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev yuav tsis tsim. Piv txwv li:
- SARS lossis mob npaws nrog ua npaws (kev txhaj tshuaj yog nqa tawm ob peb lub hlis tom qab rov zoo tag nrho);
- kab mob ntev (kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog tom qab kev pom zoo los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb);
- kev kho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob (tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub sijhawm no);
- sij hawm tom qab tso ntshav, siv cov tshuaj immunoglobulins (txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab tsawg kawg peb lub hlis).
Yog vim li cas ncua
Tseem tseem muaj cov npe vim li cas thiaj ncua sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov neeg laus. Cov no suav nrog:
- kab mob me me uas tshwm sim tsis ua npaws;
- ntshav qab zib;
- mob hnyav dysbacteriosis (mob plab zom mov tuaj yeem yog qhov laj thawj rau ncua kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov ua rau muaj tshuaj tua kab mob);
- Down syndrome thiab lwm yam kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb ruaj khov;
- kev ua xua, mob hawb pob, atopic phenomena ntawm ib qho xwm txheej txawv (xws li cov kab mob no yog qhov qhia txog kev ncua sijhawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, vim tias kis mob hnyav dua nrog lawv);
- tshuaj kho mob steroid;
- congenital malformations, nrog rau lub plawv;
- kab mob ntev ntawm txhua lub cev;
- txhawb kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob ntev nrog endocrine, homeopathic, antihistamines thiabtshuaj tua kab mob;
- nce thymus duab ntxoov ntxoo vim hyperplasia.
Peb tau saib seb chav txhaj tshuaj ntawm lub chaw kho neeg laus ua haujlwm li cas.
