Uterine fibroids - tus kab mob no yog dab tsi? Cov tsos mob, cov cim qhia thiab kev kho mob

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Uterine fibroids - tus kab mob no yog dab tsi? Cov tsos mob, cov cim qhia thiab kev kho mob
Uterine fibroids - tus kab mob no yog dab tsi? Cov tsos mob, cov cim qhia thiab kev kho mob

Video: Uterine fibroids - tus kab mob no yog dab tsi? Cov tsos mob, cov cim qhia thiab kev kho mob

Video: Uterine fibroids - tus kab mob no yog dab tsi? Cov tsos mob, cov cim qhia thiab kev kho mob
Video: yuav coj li cas kom luag nyiam 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Uterine fibroids - tus kab mob no yog dab tsi thiab yuav kho li cas? Hauv ICD-10, cov kab mob no tau muab cais ua leiomyoma raws li txoj cai D25. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yog ib tug benign qog. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias cov neoplasms no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev uas yuav tsum tau kho qhov nyuaj.

Cov kws kho menyuam yaus niaj hnub tuaj yeem kuaj pom tau yooj yim txawm tias cov qog qog noj ntshav mus txog ib xees, uas feem ntau kuaj pom los ntawm kev sib tsoo. Qee tus poj niam txawm tuaj yeem nyob nrog fibroids tag nrho lawv lub neej thiab tsis ntsib ib qho teeb meem, thaum lwm tus raug yuam kom mus phais kom tshem tawm cov qog vim yog txhua yam kev tshwm sim.

Uterine fibroids - tus kab mob no yog dab tsi

Cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob no yog nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov qog thiab kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus poj niam. Myoma yog ib qho neoplasm uas muaj cov leeg nqaij, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev loj hlob qeeb thiab qhov zoo. Impressive qog yeej tsis tsim nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos. Yog hais tias neoplasm loj hlobsai sai, nws qhov xwm txheej phem tsis tuaj yeem txiav tawm.

Uterine fibroids yog tus poj niam tus kab mob, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tseem tsis tau nkag siab. Hauv kaum xyoo tsis ntev los no, qhov tshwm sim tau nce ntau ntawm cov ntxhais hnub nyoog qis dua 30 xyoo. Qhov tshwm sim no tau piav qhia tsis yog los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig, tab sis kuj los ntawm kev txhim kho kev kuaj mob.

Ntse

Muaj ntau nqe lus tseem ceeb hais txog uterine fibroids.

  • Nws tshwm sim tshwj xeeb rau cov poj niam uas muaj hnub nyoog yug me nyuam, thiab maj mam ploj mus thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub, vim qee qhov kev sib deev cov tshuaj hormones xav tau rau nws txoj kev loj hlob. Yog hais tias ib tug neoplasm kuaj tau nyob rau hauv ib tug poj niam nyob rau hauv lub menopause, ib tug yuav xav tias nws malignant xwm.
  • Kwv yees li 80% ntawm cov poj niam uas muaj fibroids muaj cov tshuaj hormonal txawv txav - kev coj khaub ncaws tsis zoo, cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob polycystic, uterine polyps, ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas.
  • Feem ntau pathology ua ke nrog mastopathy. Lub mis thiab uterus yog interconnected functionally. Kev hloov pauv txawv txav hauv ib lub cev feem ntau ua rau muaj kev sib txawv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lwm tus. Tias yog vim li cas feem ntau cov poj niam uas muaj fibroids feem ntau muaj mastopathy ntawm ntau theem. Cov mob zoo li no yuav tsum tau kho nyob rau hauv ib qho nyuaj, thiab tsis cais.
  • Txhua cov ntaub ntawv uas kws kho mob muaj niaj hnub no tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov laj thawj tiag tiag ntawm qhov tsis xws luag. Tag nrho cov tshuaj niaj hnub no tsuas tuaj yeem tso tseg ib ntus kev loj hlob ntawm neoplasms thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws.
  • Hauv tshuaj, fibroids raug hu los ntawm ntau yam lus. Qhov no yog piav qhia yooj yim heev. Lub tsev menyuam nws tus kheej yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas thiab cov leeg nqaij. Nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab raws nraim li cas cov nqaij mos muaj ua ntej nws tshem tawm thiab kev tshuaj xyuas histological, txawm tias muaj kev pab ntawm CT, ultrasound thiab MRI. Txawm hais tias qhov nuance no tsis cuam tshuam txog kev kho cov poj niam uas muaj fibroids.
  • uterine fibroids yog dab tsi tus kab mob no yees duab
    uterine fibroids yog dab tsi tus kab mob no yees duab

Histological tsom xam tuaj yeem txiav txim qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov qog:

  • leiomyoma - tsuas yog muaj cov leeg nqaij du;
  • rhabdomyoma - los ntawm lwm cov leeg nqaij;
  • fibromyoma - los ntawm cov leeg thiab cov ntaub so ntswg;
  • fibroma - thaj chaw loj muaj cov hlwb txuas.

Kev faib tawm

Uterine fibroids - tus kab mob no yog dab tsi? Hauv daim duab koj tuaj yeem pom tias qhov no pathology yog dab tsi. Txawm hais tias nws yog, ntawm chav kawm, tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab pom nws, koj yuav tsum tso siab rau lwm cov tsos mob thiab koj tus kheej kev soj ntsuam. Yog tias koj xav tias koj muaj cov qog no, nco ntsoov mus rau gynecologist. Nco ntsoov tias nws yooj yim dua los kho qhov teeb meem no thaum ntxov tshaj li hauv lub xeev tsis saib xyuas.

Uterine fibroids - tus kab mob no yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm feem ntau pathologies nyob rau hauv cov poj niam ntawm lub hnub nyoog yug me nyuam. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim hauv kwv yees li 25-30% ntawm cov poj niam niaj hnub no. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tsis xws luag nce nrog lub hnub nyoog. Tus kab mob tiag tiag poob rau 40-45 xyoo.

Cov kws kho mob faib cov fibroids ua ntau hom.

  • Me - ib lossis ntau pob qhov siab txog 5 cm.
  • Big -muaj tsawg kawg yog ib pawg loj dua 5 cm los yog uterine tsis sib xws rau 12 lub lis piam ntawm cev xeeb tub (kwv yees li 11-12 cm).
  • Ntau - keeb kwm ntawm uterine fibroids txhais tau ntau tshaj peb lub nodules.
  • Solitary - lub xub ntiag ntawm ib leeg.
  • Submucosal - keeb kwm ntawm uterine fibroids qhia txog qhov chaw ntawm lub neoplasm nrog ib tug protrusion rau hauv lub uterine kab noj hniav, uas ua rau nws deformation.
  • Subserous - cov qog nyob saum lub tsev menyuam, tawm mus rau hauv lub plab kab noj hniav.
  • Interstitial - cov node nyob ncaj qha rau hauv cov leeg phab ntsa.
  • Mixed - feem ntau fibroids loj hlob nyob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia, ces cov kws kho mob tham txog ib tug sib tov.
  • Symptomatic - ib lub qog uas tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm qee qhov txawv txav, piv txwv li, vim los ntshav thaum lub sijhawm anemia.
  • Cervical - lub node nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm lub ncauj tsev menyuam, qhov zaus yog kwv yees li 6-7% ntawm tag nrho cov kuaj mob uterine fibroids.

Tus kab mob no yog dab tsi thiab yuav kuaj nws li cas? Tau kawg, tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj txog txhua yam no ntawm kev txais tos. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tsos mob dav dav ntawm pathology, uas nws tuaj yeem xav tias yuav tsum paub rau txhua tus poj niam.

Kev tshwm sim

Txog rau tam sim no, cov kws kho mob tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev txhim kho ntawm uterine fibroids. Nws yog tus kab mob dab tsi thiab vim li cas nws tshwm sim yog ib qho zais cia rau ntau tus kws tshawb fawb. Nws yog feem ntau lees paub tias, vim yog los ntawm heredity, ib cheeb tsam ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub tsev me nyuam nrog ib tug ntau heev tus naj npawb ntawm receptors uas perceive lub zog ntawm cov tshuaj hormones. Cov lus xaus zoo li no ntau dua rau gestagens.thiab estrogen, piv rau cov ntaub so ntswg nyob sib ze. Yog vim li ntawd thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no cheeb tsam pib tsim kom nquag plias, tsis zoo li lwm tus. Lub cev maj mam poob tswj cov txheej txheem no, cov qog tshwm sim, qhov loj tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 20 cm.

Risk group

Qhov tseeb, uterine fibroids tuaj yeem tshwm sim yam tsis muaj qhov ua rau pom tseeb thiab ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim. Tab sis feem ntau qhov teeb meem no tau kuaj pom hauv cov poj niam uas:

  • muaj tsev neeg keeb kwm muaj mob zoo sib xws;
  • nquag mus rau hormonal abnormalities;
  • rog dhau;
  • ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab tsis tu ncua, qaug zog ntev thiab tsis tsaug zog;
  • tsis yug;
  • mob los ntawm cov kab mob metabolic thiab ntshav qab zib;
  • tau ntsib ntau yam IVF lossis ovulation induction kev kho mob.
  • ob txhais ceg thiab nplai
    ob txhais ceg thiab nplai

Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias uterine fibroids yog ib qho kab mob ib puag ncig uas tshwm sim vim muaj teeb meem ib puag ncig. Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus tshaj tawm no tsuas yog vim muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov poj niam hauv xyoo tas los no. Tab sis nws tsis tau lees paub los ntawm kev sim tshuaj.

Ntawm lwm yam, cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm fibroids muaj xws li mob tsis muaj ovulation, inflammatory pathologies, curettage thiab rho menyuam, nrog rau cov caj ces predisposition. Los ntawm txoj kev, tsis zoo li cov kev ntseeg nrov, kev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj tsis ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhim kho qhov tsis xws luag. Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muaj pov thawj scientific uasKev siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev yug me nyuam txo qhov kev pheej hmoo thiab ua rau qeeb ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm fibroids.

daim duab kho mob

Feem ntau, cov cim qhia ntawm pathology yuav pom tau tsuas yog tom qab cov qog nce mus txog qhov loj me - ntau dua 2-3 cm subcumous neoplasm thiab txog 5 cm subserous thiab interstitial nodes. Txog rau lub sijhawm no, keeb kwm ntawm tus kab mob nrog uterine fibroids tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis ua tiav ntawm cov kab mob pathological.

  • Kev mob nkeeg. Qhov no yog cov tsos mob tshaj plaws ntawm tus kab mob. Uterine fibroids provoke qhov tsos mob ntawm theem ntawm kev loj hlob nquag thiab kev koom tes ntawm lwm yam kabmob hauv cov txheej txheem pathological. Cov kev xav tsis zoo yog nyob hauv thaj tsam lumbar thiab hauv plab plab. Mob tuaj yeem nce ntau zaus thaum muaj kev sib raug zoo, kev tawm dag zog, thiab ua ntej kev coj khaub ncaws. Raws li cov pob txha loj zuj zus, qhov mob ua tas mus li. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm rub cov kev xav, nco txog lub xub ntiag ntawm lub pob zeb hauv qab plab.
  • Cov tsos mob ntawm uterine fibroids
    Cov tsos mob ntawm uterine fibroids
  • Ntsuag. Kev coj khaub ncaws ntau dhau kuj yog ib qho kev sib koom ua ke ntawm fibroids. Lawv tshwm sim rau ntau qhov laj thawj. Piv txwv li, yog tias cov qog yog submucosal, nws cuam tshuam nrog kev tsis lees paub tag nrho ntawm endometrium. Yog hais tias lub pob caus loj dhau lawm, nws deforms lub uterine kab noj hniav, tsub kom qhov chaw uas los ntshav, thiab tiv thaiv qhov ib txwm contraction ntawm lub myometrium. Kev poob ntshav hauv lub cev ua rau cov tsos mob ntawm cov ntshav tsis txaus nrog cov duab qhia pom, uas yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tsis txaus siab, qaug zog, ua tsis taus pa, pallor, kiv taub hau.
  • Kev tsis muaj menyuam. Cov keeb kwm ntawm uterine fibroids kuj tseem muaj cov tsos mob zoo li no. Cov nodules me me yuav luag tsis cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm cev xeeb tub. Tab sis nquag tsim thiab loj heev hlav nyob rau hauv lub uterine kab noj hniav tiv thaiv tag nrho cov tsim ntawm lub embryo. Fibroids, tsis zoo li ib txwm myometrium, tsis ncab zoo, vim tias, nrog kev nce hauv tsev menyuam, kev pheej hmoo ntawm nchuav menyuam thiab yug ntxov ntxov nce.
  • Kev cem quav. Yog tias cov qog loj dhau los yog loj hlob hauv qhov quav, nws tuaj yeem raug compressed, tawm tsam qhov tsos mob tshwm sim.
  • Teeb meem tso zis. Cov tsos mob zoo li no tshwm sim thaum lub qog loj hlob ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub tsev menyuam. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, tus poj niam yuav muaj incontinence los yog nquag nquag ua rau lub zais zis.

Diagnosis

Txoj kev nkag mus tau yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab txhim khu kev qha los kuaj pom kab mob yog suav tias yog ultrasound ntawm lub plab hnyuv siab raum. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias thaum lub sijhawm kuaj gynecological niaj hnub, tus kws tshaj lij yuav xav tias muaj cov nodes yog tias lub tsev menyuam loj lossis nws cov qauv tuberous pom tau.

txhawm rau kuaj pom tus kab mob neoplasm siv ultrasound, ntau txoj cai yuav tsum ua raws:

  • ua thaum pib ntawm lub voj voog - lub sijhawm no, koj tuaj yeem soj ntsuam qhov xwm txheej ntawm endometrium thiab qhov tsis sib xws, 5-6 hnub yog lub sijhawm zoo;
  • txheej txheem transvaginal - ua rau nws tuaj yeem kuaj pom txawm tias me me neoplasms mus txog ib centimeter;
  • nquag saib xyuas lub zog - txhawm rau tswj kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog, koj yuav tsum ua ultrasound scan txhua rau lub hlis.
  • gynecologyuterine fibroids kab mob
    gynecologyuterine fibroids kab mob

Yog xav tias muaj cov kab mob submucosal neoplasms, ib tug poj niam raug tshuaj hysteroscopy, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov pob me me tam sim ntawd.

Qee tus neeg mob tau pom zoo CT lossis MRI txhawm rau kuaj tus kab mob hauv gynecology. Uterine fibroids nrog lawv cov kev pab yog txiav txim siab yooj yim dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tswv yim no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kwv yees qhov chaw ntawm cov nodes thiab lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg raws li qhov ua tau.

Txawm tias tsawg zaus, hysteroscopy thiab laparoscopy yog siv los kuaj mob fibroids. Muaj tseeb tiag, cov xwm txheej zoo li no feem ntau tau sau tseg raws li cov txheej txheem kho mob.

Uterine fibroids kho

Tus kab mob no yog dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas kom tshem tau nws? Lo lus nug no yog thawj zaug rau cov poj niam feem ntau uas tau kuaj pom muaj qog. Zoo li lwm yam kev loj hlob, fibroids tsis ploj ntawm lawv tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws txoj kev loj hlob tuaj yeem nres thiab txawm tias rov qab los thaum:

  • pub mis niam thiab cev xeeb tub;
  • menopause.

Qhov tshwm sim no tau piav qhia los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv keeb kwm hormonal ntawm cov theem ntawm tus poj niam lub neej. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, yuav tsum muaj kev kho tshwj xeeb.

Yuav kho tus kab mob li cas? Uterine fibroids yog qhov ua tau tsis zoo rau kev kho mob. Feem ntau, kev kho tshuaj tsuas yog ib ntus xwb, thiab tsuas yog nres qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog. Txawm hais tias txawm tias tom qab tshem tag nrho cov neoplasms, cov nodules tshiab yuav tshwm sim tom qab qee lub sijhawm.

kev kho mob

Yuav kom qeeb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm neoplasm lossis txo nws qhov chaw ua ntej kev phaisCov kev cuam tshuam yuav suav nrog cov tshuaj hauv cov npe hauv qab no:

  • analogues ntawm cov tshuaj hormone gonadotropin-tso tawm ("Diferelin", "Decapeptil", "Buserelin", "Zoladex") - inhibits hormonal tswj ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws ntawm txhua theem, ua rau lub xeev tshwj xeeb ntawm kev laus ib ntus, Raws li qhov tshwm sim, fibroids thiab lub tsev menyuam nws tus kheej txo qis li ntawm 30-50%, tab sis tom qab tshem tawm cov tshuaj, cov tsos mob rov qab los;
  • Kev kho mob ntawm uterine fibroids
    Kev kho mob ntawm uterine fibroids
  • antigestagens ("Ginepristone", "Mifepristone") - inhibit cov nyhuv ntawm progesterone;
  • "Esmiya" - muaj qhov ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
  • antigonadotropic tshuaj ("Gestrinon", "Danazol", "Lukrin Depot") - inhibit zus tau tej cov gonadotropic cov tshuaj hormones, uas yog, FSH thiab LH, uas depresses cov kev ua ntawm lub zes qe menyuam;
  • cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib xyaw ua ke ("Yarina", "Regulon", "Jess") - txo qis LH thiab FSH, txo qis kev ua haujlwm ntawm zes qe menyuam;
  • gestagens ("Utrozhestan", "Dufaston", "Visanne") - siv los tswj kev coj khaub ncaws, tsis muaj txiaj ntsig hauv kev kho mob fibroids.
  • uterine fibroids dab tsi yog tus kab mob no
    uterine fibroids dab tsi yog tus kab mob no

Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm txhua yam teeb meem, xws li qog necrosis lossis o, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab tshuaj tua kab mob hauv daim ntawv suppositories, txhaj tshuaj lossis ntsiav tshuaj.

Surgery

Qhia rau kev phais rau uterine fibroids:

  • qog loj dua 5 cm;
  • hom kev kawm;
  • kev npaj rau IVF;
  • loj hlob necrosis lossis pedicle torsion;
  • nquag txhim kho ntawm cov nodes rau rau lub hlis;
  • nce ceg;
  • txuam malformations ntawm endometrium thiab cysts ntawm zes qe menyuam.

Txoj kev ntawm kev cuam tshuam kev phais yog xaiv los ntawm tus poj niam lub hnub nyoog thiab muaj cov kab mob sib kis.

Laparoscopy. Nws yog feem ntau siv los tshem tawm cov qog subserous thiab interstitial. Cov txheej txheem no yog deservedly suav hais tias yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam zoo tshaj plaws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub ua rau nws ua tau, nrog rau cov lus qhia tsim nyog, kom tshem tawm lub tsev menyuam tag

Kev phais rau uterine fibroids
Kev phais rau uterine fibroids
  • Laparotomy. Txoj kev ib txwm tshem tawm leiomyoma nodes. Kev ua haujlwm yuav suav nrog kev txiav tawm ntawm qee qhov nodules, tshem tawm ib feem ntawm lub tsev menyuam lossis tag nrho lub cev.
  • Uterine hlab ntsha embolization. Cov txheej txheem yog tsom rau thaiv cov hlab ntsha ntawm neoplasm, vim tias nws txo qis hauv qhov loj me, thiab qee zaum ploj tag nrho. Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig no, kev cuam tshuam angiosurgical yog ua - nqa cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb rau cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub tsev menyuam.
  • FUZ-ablation ntawm cov qog. Los ntawm txoj kev ntawm MRI, qhov chaw ntawm kev loj hlob thiab lawv qhov ntau thiab tsawg tau teev tseg, tom qab uas muaj zog ultrasonic pulse yog siv rau thaj tsam no. Maj mam, cov neoplasm heats thiab hlawv tawm. Tseeb, cov txheej txheem muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm contraindications. Piv txwv li, FUS-ablation yog txwv tsis pub ua nrog myoma loj thiab nws qhov chaw nyob zepob txha pelvic.

Pom zoo: