Cov roj (cholesterol): lub luag haujlwm lom neeg, ua haujlwm thiab nta

Cov txheej txheem:

Cov roj (cholesterol): lub luag haujlwm lom neeg, ua haujlwm thiab nta
Cov roj (cholesterol): lub luag haujlwm lom neeg, ua haujlwm thiab nta

Video: Cov roj (cholesterol): lub luag haujlwm lom neeg, ua haujlwm thiab nta

Video: Cov roj (cholesterol): lub luag haujlwm lom neeg, ua haujlwm thiab nta
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Tau ntev heev tam sim no, tag nrho lub ntiaj teb tau nquag tawm tsam cov roj cholesterol, lossis theej, nws cov ntsiab lus siab hauv tib neeg lub cev thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws tau tshaj tawm lawv cov kev xav thiab pov thawj ntawm qhov teeb meem no, sib cav txog lawv qhov tseeb thiab muab cov lus sib cav. Yuav kom nkag siab txog cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tshuaj no rau tib neeg lub neej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub txog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov roj cholesterol. Koj yuav kawm txog cov yam ntxwv, cov khoom, ua rau cov roj cholesterol siab, nrog rau cov lus qhia rau kev tswj nws cov ntsiab lus hauv cov ntshav los ntawm kab lus no.

Cov qauv ntawm cov roj cholesterol, nws lub luag haujlwm lom neeg

Biochemistry ntawm cov cholesterol
Biochemistry ntawm cov cholesterol

Cov roj (cholesterol) txhais tau tias "nyuaj siab" hauv Greek thaum ub. Nws yog ib qho organic compound uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov hlwb ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob nyob, tshwj tsis yog cov nroj tsuag, fungi thiab prokaryotes (cov cell uas tsis muaj nucleus).

Lub luag haujlwm lom neeg ntawm cov roj cholesterol yog qhov nyuaj rau overestimate. Nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, nws ua ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tseem ceeb functions, kev ua txhaum ntawm uas ua rau pathologicalKev hloov pauv kev noj qab haus huv.

Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov roj cholesterol:

  • Koom nrog cov qauv ntawm cov cell membranes, muab lawv firmness thiab elasticity.
  • Muab cov ntaub so ntswg xaiv permeability.
  • Koom tes hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones xws li estrogens thiab corticoids.
  • cuam tshuam rau kev tsim cov vitamin D thiab cov kua tsib acids.

Qhov peculiarity ntawm cov roj cholesterol yog tias nws yog insoluble hauv dej hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab. Yog li ntawd, rau nws txoj kev thauj mus los ntawm cov hlab ntsha, tshwj xeeb "kev thauj mus los" tebchaw - lipoproteins.

Synthesis thiab txais los ntawm sab nraud

Nrog rau triglycerides thiab phospholipids, cov roj cholesterol yog ib qho ntawm peb hom roj hauv lub cev. Nws yog ntuj lipophilic cawv. Kwv yees li 50% ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) yog tsim txhua hnub hauv tib neeg lub siab, 30% ntawm nws qhov tsim tshwm sim hauv cov hnyuv thiab ob lub raum, qhov seem 20% yog los ntawm sab nraud - nrog zaub mov. Kev tsim cov tshuaj no tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntev ntev uas muaj rau theem tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

  • Kev tsim khoom mevalonate. Lub hauv paus ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog kev tawg ntawm cov piam thaj rau ob lub molecules, tom qab ntawd lawv hnov mob nrog cov tshuaj acetoacetyltransferase. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm thawj theem yog qhov tsim ntawm mevolanate.
  • Isopentenyl diphosphate yog tau los ntawm kev ntxiv peb phosphate residues rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los. Qhov no yog ua raws li decarboxylation thiab lub cev qhuav dej.
  • Thaum peb lub molecules ntawm isopentenyl diphosphate ua ke, farnesyl diphosphate yog tsim.
  • Tom qab sib xyaw obresidues ntawm farnesyl diphosphate, squalene yog synthesized.
  • Lanosterol yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog linear squalene.
  • Nyob rau theem kawg, cov roj cholesterol yog ua ke.

Qhia meej lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj cholesterol biochemistry. Cov txheej txheem no yog tswj kom meej meej los ntawm tib neeg lub cev txhawm rau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj ntau dhau lossis tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb no. Lub siab enzyme system muaj peev xwm ua kom nrawm lossis qeeb cov lipid metabolism hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas cuam tshuam rau kev sib txuas ntawm fatty acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, thiab lwm yam. Hais txog lub luag haujlwm lom neeg, kev ua haujlwm thiab cov metabolism ntawm cov roj cholesterol, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias txog nees nkaum feem pua. ntawm nws tag nrho cov nyiaj nkag mus rau hauv lub cev nrog zaub mov. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom tsiaj. Cov thawj coj yog qe qe, hnyuv ntxwm haus, butter thiab ghee, goose siab, siab pate, raum. Los ntawm kev txwv koj noj cov zaub mov no, koj tuaj yeem txo koj cov roj cholesterol.

Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cov organic compound no vim cov metabolism tsis tuaj yeem faib ua CO 2 thiab dej. Hauv qhov no, feem ntau ntawm cov roj (cholesterol) tau tawm hauv lub cev los ntawm cov kua tsib acids, tus so - nrog quav thiab tsis hloov pauv.

"zoo" thiab "tsis zoo" cov roj cholesterol

Cov roj (cholesterol) siab
Cov roj (cholesterol) siab

Cov tshuaj no pom muaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov hlwb ntawm tib neeg lub cev, vim yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov roj cholesterol. Nws ua raws li kev hloov kho ntawm bilayer ntawm cov hlwb, muab nws rigidity,uas stabilizes lub fluidity ntawm plasma membrane. Tom qab kev sib txuas hauv daim siab, cov roj cholesterol yuav tsum raug xa mus rau cov hlwb ntawm tag nrho lub cev. Nws txoj kev thauj mus los tshwm sim raws li ib feem ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hu ua lipoproteins.

Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv peb hom:

  • High density lipoproteins (siab molecular hnyav).
  • Low density lipoproteins (low molecular weight).
  • Low low density lipoproteins (tsis tshua muaj molecular hnyav).
  • YChylomicrons.

Cov tebchaw no txawv ntawm lawv txoj kev nyiam ua kom cov roj cholesterol. Kev sib raug zoo tau tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lipoproteins hauv cov ntshav thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Cov neeg uas muaj qib LDL siab tau hloov pauv atherosclerotic hauv cov hlab ntsha. Hloov pauv, rau cov neeg uas muaj HDL hauv lawv cov ntshav, lub cev noj qab nyob zoo yog yam ntxwv. Qhov tseem ceeb yog tias cov neeg thauj khoom hnyav molecular tsawg yog nquag los nag lossis daus ntawm cov cholesterol, uas nyob rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Vim li ntawd thiaj hu ua "phem". Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov tebchaw siab molecular, muaj cov solubility siab, tsis yog atherogenic, yog li lawv hu ua "zoo".

Cov ntsiab lus hauv ntshav. Norm indicators

Cov roj (cholesterol) siab
Cov roj (cholesterol) siab

Muab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj cholesterol, nws cov ntshav yuav tsum nyob rau hauv qhov kev txwv:

  • Hauv cov poj niam, tus nqi no txawv ntawm 1.92 txog 4.51 mmol / L.
  • Rau cov txiv neej - los ntawm 2.25 mus rau 4.82 mmol / l.

Hauv qhov no, qib LDL cov roj cholesterol yuav tsum tsawg dua 3-3, 35 mmol / l, HDL- ntau dua 1 mmol / l, triglycerides - 1 mmol / l. Nws raug suav hais tias yog qhov qhia tau zoo yog tias cov lipoprotein ntau ntom ntom yog 20% ntawm tag nrho cov cholesterol. Kev sib txawv, nce thiab nqis, qhia txog teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv thiab xav tau kev kuaj ntxiv.

Yog vim li cas rau ntshav siab

Cov khoom noj uas nce cov cholesterol
Cov khoom noj uas nce cov cholesterol

Qhov nce hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm "phem" cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav hu ua hypercholesterolemia. Nws ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob plawv. Hais txog cov laj thawj ntawm kev nce cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav, muaj ntau ntau:

  • kev hloov pauv caj ces ntawm qhov xwm txheej;
  • ua txhaum ntawm lub luag haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub siab - tus tsim khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lipophilic cawv;
  • hloov pauv hormonal;
  • kev nyuaj siab;
  • malnutrition (noj cov zaub mov muaj roj ntawm cov tsiaj keeb kwm);
  • metabolic ntshawv siab (pathology ntawm digestive system);
  • smoking;
  • kev ua neej nyob.

Kev phom sij ntawm cov roj cholesterol ntau hauv lub cev

Hypercholesterolemia yog qhov ua rau cov kab mob plawv
Hypercholesterolemia yog qhov ua rau cov kab mob plawv

Hypercholesterolemia pab txhawb kev txhim kho atherosclerosis (tsim cov plaques sclerotic rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha), kab mob plawv, ntshav qab zib, thiab tsim cov gallstones. Yog li, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov roj ntsha thiab kev phom sij ntawm cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav tau cuam tshuam txog kev hloov pauv pathological hauv tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.

Control

Kev tswjqib cholesterol
Kev tswjqib cholesterol

Txhawm rau zam qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo ntawm cov qib "phem" cholesterol, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm LDL thiab VLDL.

Txhua tus ua tau, koj xav tau:

  • txo cov rog rog;
  • nce cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub hauv cov zaub mov;
  • nce kev ua lub cev;
  • tsis haus luam yeeb;

Yog cov kev cai no raug soj ntsuam, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov roj cholesterol siab yuav txo tau ob peb zaug.

Txoj kev tsis lees paub

Noj qab nyob zoo
Noj qab nyob zoo

Cov lus xaus txog qib roj cholesterol hauv cov ntshav thiab qhov yuav tsum tau txo qis yog tsim los ntawm cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim. Kev noj tshuaj rau tus kheej hauv qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij.

Nrog cov roj (cholesterol) siab tsis tu ncua, feem ntau yog siv txoj hauv kev los txo nws:

  • Kev siv tshuaj (statins).
  • Txhim lub neej noj qab nyob zoo (kev noj haus kom zoo, noj zaub mov zoo, ua si lub cev, haus luam yeeb, ua kom zoo thiab so tsis tu ncua).

Nws tsim nyog sau cia hauv qhov xaus: cov qauv thiab lub luag haujlwm lom neeg ntawm cov roj cholesterol, hypercholesterolemia thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig tau lees paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj no thiab tag nrho cov txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog rau tus neeg. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum coj tus cwj pwm lub luag haujlwm rau yam uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov cholesterol hauv lub cev.

Pom zoo: