Lub cerebellum yog ib feem ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub paj hlwb hemispheres nyob rau hauv lub posterior qis cheeb tsam ntawm lub hlwb. Lub tuam tsev no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txav, kev hais lus thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg cov leeg. Yog li ntawd, kev puas tsuaj rau lub cerebellum, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv impaired lub cev muaj zog functions, hais lus tsis meej, thiab ib tug txo nyob rau hauv cov leeg nqaij. Xws li cov kab mob pathological yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau daim nyias nyias ntawm lub hlwb raws li kev raug mob, neoplasms, strokes, thiab lwm yam. Raws li ICD-10, tus kab mob no muaj ntau tus lej: G46.4, G11.1 thiab G71.6, uas suav nrog ntau hom kab mob ntawm cerebellum.
Kev piav qhia thiab yam ntxwv ntawm qhov teeb meem
Lub cerebellum suav nrog ob lub hemispheres, ntawm qhov uas muaj kab mob, cov qauv no tau muab faib ua lobules los ntawm kev sib hloov grooves, thiab tseem muaj peb ob txhais ceg. Qhov no ntawm lub hlwb kuj muaj cov teeb meem grey thiab dawb. Thawj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub cortex thiab cov nuclei ua ke ntawm cerebellum.
Legs sawv cev rau txoj hauv kevuas nqa cov cim rau thiab los ntawm lub hlwb. Cov kab mob no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev tswj hwm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm lub cev, cov leeg nqaij, nrog rau qhov sib npaug ntawm lub cev thiab nws qhov ruaj khov. Cov hemispheres muab kev txav ntawm lub qhov muag. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias cerebellum ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev xav, thiab tseem cuam tshuam nrog tib neeg kev hais lus thiab lub siab xav.
Cerebellar lesion yog txheej txheej ntawm cov kab mob pathological uas tsim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm lub hlwb puas thiab ua rau cuam tshuam rau nws txoj haujlwm.
YCaus ntawm pathology
Muaj ntau yam laj thawj rau kev txhim kho pathology:
- congenital malformations;
- xeeb tshuaj tiv thaiv;
- defeat los ntawm ntau yam neuroinfections;
- kev npam ntawm lub cev;
- mob plawv hauv lub hlwb vim yog atheroslerosis, ischemia, stroke;
- raug mob rau thaj tsam occipital thiab pob txha ntawm lub hauv paus pob txha taub hau;
- benign lossis malignant neoplasms;
- kab mob ntawm lub paj hlwb.
Atherosclerosis ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas muab lub cerebellum ua rau lawv spasm, thiab qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam ischemic. Ua rau thiab mob stroke puas tsuaj rau lub cerebellum, uas tshwm sim vim rupture ntawm lub hlab ntsha nrog nce ntshav siab, hypertensive ntsoog. Qhov teeb meem no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg laus, uas cov hlab ntsha tau txhaws nrog cov roj cholesterol plaques. Tsis tas li ntawd, thrombosis lossis embolism ntawm ntau lub hauv paus tuaj yeem ua rau pathology.
Tsis tas li, kev puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb ntawm lub paj hlwb tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm metastasis ntawm qog nqaij hlav cancer lossis ncaj qhanws qhov chaw nyob hauv lub cev. Qee qhov xwm txheej, pathology tau pom nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev tawm ntawm cov kua hauv hlwb.
Cov tsos mob thiab cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob
Feem ntau, qhov teeb meem ntawm cerebellum manifests nws tus kheej hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm kev txav, kev hais lus thiab cov leeg nqaij. Ib tug neeg muaj qhov muag twitch vim qhov tshee ntawm lub qhov muag, kev hais lus tawg, kev sau ntawv tsis sib xws.
Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub cerebellum suav nrog:
- kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev txav thiab tswj cov leeg;
- cuam tshuam kev taug kev thiab hais lus;
- qhov muag tsis pom kev;
- mob taub hau.
mob stroke tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau txhua qhov ntawm lub hlwb. Qhov no pathology, thaum lub cerebellum puas lawm, provokes lub tsos ntawm xeev siab, nrog rau ntuav, kiv taub hau thiab mob taub hau, ataxia. Malignant neoplasms nyob rau hauv lub hlwb yog manifested nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntuav, nyob rau hauv uas tsis muaj xeev siab, mob hnyav nyob rau hauv lub taub hau thiab impaired kev sib koom tes ntawm taw.
Kev swb ntawm cerebellar vermis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm statics (stability, balance thiab lub cev txoj hauj lwm). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib tug neeg tsim ataxia.
Kev sau ntawv tsis zoo, uas tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv pathology, koj tuaj yeem pom saum toj no.
Cerebellar Ataxia
Ataxia yog qhov poob ntawm kev tswj cov leeg vim kev puas tsuaj rau lub cerebellum. Cov kab mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ib qho benign lossis malignant neoplasm, kab mob, kev hloov caj ces. Thaum kawg, nws yog ib qho tsis tshua muajib tug kab mob nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg ntawm tsib caug txhiab.
Thaum lub cerebellum cuam tshuam, muaj kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txav, qhov muag tsis pom kev, nyuaj rau nqos, qaug zog tas li, kev xav hloov pauv. Yog hais tias tus kab mob tsis yog los ntawm noob neej, ces lawv hais txog idiopathic ataxia. Hauv qhov no, tus neeg hais lus raug cuam tshuam, ua tsis taus pa, arrhythmia, erectile kawg, thiab tswj tsis tau tso zis.
Thaum lub hemispheres ntawm lub cerebellum raug cuam tshuam, tib neeg lub cev leans muaj zog nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia qhov chaw ntawm pathological tsom xam, yog li nws tsis tu ncua. Qhov teeb meem no ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm kinetic ataxia. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv impossibility ntawm ua tau meej txav.
Ataxia feem ntau pom, provoked los ntawm co toxins uas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb hlwb. Pathology tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij xws li ethyl cawv, mercury, txhuas, cov kuab tshuaj, barbiturates.
Yog tias qhov mob cerebellar tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob, ces cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob yuav ploj mus li ob lub hlis tom qab qhov ploj ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob. Feem ntau, cov kab mob cerebellar provoked los ntawm Coxsackie, Einstein-Barr kab mob, kab mob qhua pias, Lyme syndrome thiab kab mob HIV.
Congenital ataxia yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ncua ntawm lub cev muaj zog. Tus me nyuam pib zaum thiab taug kev lig, tham, nws yuav poob qab hauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb. Feem ntau thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum xyoo, kev them nyiaj ntawm lub hlwb ua haujlwm tshwm sim.
Syndromeskab mob cerebellar lesions
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov teeb meem ntawm cerebellum tuaj yeem tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- Thomas-Jumenti Syndrome - kev sib cais ntawm cov ntiv tes muaj zog thaum sim nqa khoom.
- kab mob Barraquer-Lara, uas tshwm sim thaum lub cerebellum puas vim yog metastasis ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv bronchial cancer. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, intoxication ntawm lub cev yog pom.
- Tom's syndrome feem ntau tshwm sim tom qab hnub nyoog tsib caug xyoo thiab tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, kev hais lus, kev sau ntawv, tshee hnyo, tshee hnyo, nqaij tawv tsis meej.
- Feldman tus kab mob, uas yog nrog los ntawm thaum ntxov greying, trembling ntawm ceg. Tus kab mob no feem ntau kuaj tau rau cov neeg tom qab nees nkaum xyoo, nws ua rau muaj kev tsis taus.
- Fan-Turner syndrome yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txav, kev puas hlwb.
- Betten tus kab mob yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nystagmus, tsis muaj kev sib koom tes ntawm kev txav thiab ntsia, cov leeg nqaij hypotension, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib tug neeg yoog raws cov kev tsis txaus ntseeg no.
- Mann syndrome yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ataxia thiab nystagmus.
- Goldstein-Reichmann tus kab mob, uas muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov leeg nqaij, hypermetria, asynergy, trembling ntawm nqua, txav tsis meej.
- Zeeman's syndrome yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ataxia, ncua kev loj hlob ntawm kev hais lus.
ntsuas ntsuas
Kev kuaj mob ntawm pathology pib nrog kev kawm keeb kwm, nug thiab kuaj tus neeg mob. Tus kws kho mob kuaj reflexes, ua vestibulometry thiab electronystagmography. Ces nws muabkev xeem:
- kuaj ntshav kuaj.
- Lumbar puncture txhawm rau kuaj pom tus kab mob, mob thiab muaj mob stroke.
- MRI taub hau.
- Angiography ntawm cerebral hlab ntsha.
Kev kuaj mob ntawm cov neeg mob yog ua los ntawm kws kho mob neurosurgeon ua ke nrog kws kho mob neurophysiologist, otoneurologist, otolaryngologist, ophthalmologist.
Kev kho mob
Kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob cerebellar yuav nyob ntawm qhov ua rau tus kab mob, hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov tsos mob.
Thaum mob stroke, kws kho mob ua lysis ntawm cov ntshav txhaws. Tom qab ntawd tus neeg mob tau muab tshuaj fibrinolytics, piv txwv li, Urokinase. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tsim cov thrombosis, lawv siv cov tshuaj xws li Aspirin, Mexidol. Lawv pab txhim kho cov txheej txheem metabolic hauv cov ntaub so ntswg hlwb. Cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb yog siv los txo cov roj cholesterol.
tshuaj tua kab mob yog siv los kho cov kab mob neuroinfections. Nrog rau lub hlwb intoxication, cov kws kho mob ua detoxification txoj kev kho, yuam diuresis, dialysis. Yog hais tias intoxication tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv tshuaj los yog zaub mov, ces gastric lavage yog ua, ua raws li los ntawm kev siv sorbents. Yog tias tus neeg mob tau ua tsis taus CSF outflow, nws raug pom muaj kev cuam tshuam kev phais nrog craniotomy.
Tshuaj
Cov tshuaj uas siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob cerebellum:
- Nootropics thiab antioxidants: Piracetam, Actovegin,Phenibut.
- Tshuaj txhawm rau txhim kho cov ntshav: Sermion, Cavinton.
- Tshuaj uas normalize nqaij leeg: Mykodalm, Sirdalut.
- Anticonvulsants, xws li Carbamazepine.
- Vitamin complexes, uas suav nrog B vitamins.
Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob no, kev kho mob qoj ib ce, zaws, kev kho mob magnetotherapy, hluav taws xob stimulation, kho da dej, chav kawm nrog tus kws kho mob hais lus. Koj tus kws kho mob kuj tseem tuaj yeem pom zoo cov kev pab cuam xws li taug kev, pas nrig, lossis lub rooj zaum muaj log.
Huab cua
Qhov kev cia siab ntawm pathology nyob ntawm qhov ua rau nws txoj kev loj hlob. Piv txwv li, tom qab tshem tawm ntawm ib tug benign neoplasm, qhov kev tshwm sim yuav zoo. Lawv kuj teb tau zoo rau kev kho mob pathology, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev mob plawv thiab TBI, neuroinfections. Cov qog nqaij hlav malignant yuav muaj qhov tsis zoo. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav, tus neeg yuav ua tsis taus, nws yuav xav tau kev saib xyuas tas li.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Cov kws kho mob pom zoo kom zam kev raug mob, tsis txhob siv tshuaj nicotine thiab cawv, thiab tsis txhob siv tshuaj rau lub sijhawm ntev thiab ntau npaum li cas. Thaum thawj cov tsos mob ntawm pathology tshwm sim, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau mus kuaj thiab pib kho kom tsim nyog.
Cerebellar puas yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb lossis kev raug mob. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov ua rau ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm kom ua tau zoo kev kho mob thiab txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem. Los ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, koj tuaj yeem txuag taukoj txoj kev noj qab haus huv rau xyoo tom ntej.
