Kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv ntau. Tom qab tag nrho, cov kab mob uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv yog ib qho yooj yim "nyiam" rau cov kab mob pathogenic. Yog li ntawd, kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob uas nyuaj rau kev kho mob, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau kev noj qab haus huv, thiab qee zaum ua rau tuag taus. Txhawm rau rov ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tswj hwm qhov xwm txheej, siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li Ingaron. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov kws kho mob txog cov tshuaj no yog qhov tsis sib xws, yog li cia peb sim ua peb lub tswv yim los ntawm kev kawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov tshuaj kom ntxaws.
Pharmacological kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj
Lub hauv paus ntawm cov tshuaj immunomodulatory no yog gamma-interferon, muaj 144 amino acids, ntau meej, los ntawm lawv cov residues. Ntxiv mus, thawj peb (Cys-Tyr-Cys) ntawm lawv tau hloov los ntawm Met. Gamma-interferon nws tus kheej yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas koom nrog hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Ntuj killer hlwb, macrophages, T-lymphocytes thiab neutrophils muaj receptors rau nws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov amino acid compound (gamma-interferon) pab txhawb rau kev ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov hlwb saum toj no ua cov kab mob bactericidal,cytotoxicity, synthesis ntawm superoxide thiab nitroxide radicals thiab cytokines nrog anti-inflammatory thiab bactericidal kev txiav txim. Cov lus qhia nyob rau hauv lub pob ntawm cov tshuaj "Ingaron" kuj hais tias lub ntsiab active tshuaj muaj ib tug ncaj qha antiviral nyhuv. Nws yog ua tiav vim qhov tseeb tias cov amino acid compound blocks replication ntawm RNA thiab DNA ntawm cov kab mob thiab lawv cov mature hais. Tsis tas li ntawd, gamma-interferon muaj cov nyhuv cytotoxic rau cov hlwb uas kis tus kab mob. Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias cov tshuaj inhibits cov synthesis ntawm cov kab mob inflammatory vim qhov nce hauv kev qhia ntawm C2 thiab C4 noob.
Txoj kev tso tawm thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj
Cov tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm ob hom. Thawj yog ib qho lyophilisate, uas yog siv los npaj kev daws rau subcutaneous thiab intramuscular tswj. Ntxiv nrog rau interferon gamma, cov tshuaj muaj cov mannitol excipient. Cov tshuaj no yog tsim nyob rau hauv vials, uas tau ntim rau hauv cardboard packs ntawm 1, 5, 10 thiab 20 pcs. Cov tshuaj tau muab faib tsis tau daim ntawv tshuaj.
Raws li daim ntawv thib ob ntawm cov tshuaj, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg zoo ib yam rau thawj. Tab sis qhov no lyophilisate, uas tseem tau ntim rau hauv vials, yog siv los npaj tee rau kev tswj hwm intranasal. Txhua lub thawv ntim nrog rau cov tshuaj tseem ceeb muaj dej rau kev txhaj tshuaj hauv ib qho ampoule lossis vial ntawm 5 ml. Cov tshuaj ntxiv no yog cov kuab tshuaj rau kev npaj cov tshuaj.
Tam sim no, tsis muaj lwm yam kev tso tawm tshuaj,Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob nrhiav lwm yam tshuaj "Ingaron" nyob rau hauv lub khw muag tshuaj. Cov ntsiav tshuaj tsis yog tsim los ntawm kev lag luam kws tshuaj.
Leej twg yog tus kws kho mob tau sau cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev daws rau subcutaneous thiab intramuscular txhaj?
Ua ntej txiav txim siab cov lus qhia rau kev noj cov tshuaj no, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nws yuav tsum tau siv tsuas yog raws li tus kws kho mob tuaj koom. Tom qab tag nrho, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj nyob ntawm tus kab mob thiab qhov xwm ntawm nws cov chav kawm.
Immunomodulating tshuaj "Ingaron" yog ib qho ntawm cov kev kho mob nyuaj rau cov kab mob ntev ntawm tus kab mob siab B thiab C, pulmonary tuberculosis, mob qog noj ntshav, kab mob HIV / AIDS. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj tau muab rau cov neeg mob uas muaj mob chlamydia urogenital, mob prostatitis, qhov chaw mos herpes kab mob thiab shingles. Pom tau cov tshuaj "Ingaron" daim ntawv thov hauv kev kho thiab tiv thaiv tib neeg papillomavirus, nrog rau cov kab mob sib kis hauv cov kab mob granulomatous.
Siv cov tshuaj intranasal
hom tshuaj no feem ntau siv rau ntau yam tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, nws feem ntau pom zoo tias yog kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob rau ntau hom kab mob khaub thuas, suav nrog H5N1 thiab H1N1, uas yog hu ua "noog" mob khaub thuas. Thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev sib kis, cov tshuaj no pab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Thaum siv cov kev kho mob ua ke nrog cov kev kho tseem ceeb, kev rov zoo tuaj ntau zaus sai dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv cov neeg mob noj Ingaron, muaj teeb meemmob khaub thuas tsuas yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib leeg xwb.
Txoj kev npaj tshuaj thiab noj tshuaj
Raws li tau hais los saum no, koob tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm tus kws kho mob uas tuaj koom, coj los ntawm kev kuaj mob thiab qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tsom rau tus neeg mob txoj kev saib xyuas ntawm txoj kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj thiab lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob.
Thiab txij li cov tshuaj tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lyophilisate, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau npaj kom zoo rau kev txhaj tshuaj los ntawm nws ua ntej siv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib lub vial yog diluted hauv 2 ml dej rau kev txhaj tshuaj.
Raws li ib feem ntawm txoj kev kho mob rau cov kab mob siab C lossis B, nrog rau cov kab mob HIV / AIDS thiab mob ntsws ntsws rau cov neeg laus, koob tshuaj txhua hnub yog 450-500 txhiab IU. Kev txhaj tshuaj yog ua 1 zaug hauv ib hnub, txhua hnub lossis txhua hnub. Nyob ntawm qhov mob hnyav, kev kho mob tuaj yeem yog 30 txog 90 hnub, thiab yog tias tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem rov ua dua tom qab ob peb lub hlis raws li kws kho mob tau sau tseg.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm cov teeb meem hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob granular, lawv tau muab tshuaj 500,000 IU ntawm Ingaron txhua hnub lossis txhua hnub. Cov kws kho mob cov lus qhia tau hais tias qhov kev xav zoo thaum siv cov tshuaj tau pom zoo rau 2-3 hnub. Tab sis kev kho mob rau tus kab mob no yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 5 txhaj tshuaj. Raws li rau cov neeg mob uas muaj teeb meem oncological, tom qab ntawd, nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tus kab mob, qhov nruab nrab koob tshuaj txhua hnub tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 400 txog 600 txhiab IU. Tab sisLub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob yog teem rau tus kheej, thiab tau hloov kho twb nyob rau hauv cov kev kho mob raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim tshuaj.
Cov neeg uas tau kuaj pom tias muaj kab mob xws li kab mob herpes, urogenital chlamydia lossis shingles tau muab 5 txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous txhua hnub. Qhov nruab nrab koob tshuaj txhua hnub ntawm cov tshuaj rau cov kab mob saum toj no rau cov neeg laus yuav tsum yog 500 txhiab IU.
Txhawm rau txhawb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab pab nws tiv nrog tus mob prostatitis, cov neeg mob raug pom zoo kom txhaj Ingaron txhua ob hnub. Kev kho mob - 10 txhaj tshuaj ntawm 100 txhiab IU.
Rau cov kab mob anogenital, cov tshuaj tau muab tshuaj subcutaneously txhua hnub, 100 txhiab IU. Lub sijhawm kho yog nyob ntawm qhov nyuaj ntawm tus kab mob, tab sis tsis pub tsawg dua 5 txhaj tshuaj.
Intranasal Solution Dosing System
Ua ntej siv daim ntawv no ntawm cov tshuaj, cov lyophilisate yuav tsum tau yaj hauv 5 ml dej, uas twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub pob ntawm cov tshuaj. Cov tshuaj uas tshwm sim yog instilled rau hauv lub qhov ntswg nrog ib tug pipette.
Thaum thawj cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob khaub thuas lossis SARS tshwm sim, cov tshuaj "Ingaron" cov lus qhia pom zoo siv 5-8 zaug hauv ib hnub, 2 tee hauv txhua qhov ntswg. Lub sijhawm kho feem ntau yog 5-7 hnub.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj tseem siv los tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa. Yog li, tom qab kev sib cuag nrog tus neeg mob los yog hypothermia, cov tshuaj yog instilled rau hauv lub qhov ntswg rau 10 hnub 1 zaug ib hnub twg, 2-3 tee. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tau ua tom qabntxuav qhov ntswg yam tsawg kawg 30 feeb ua ntej noj mov. Yog tias kev sib cuag nrog tus neeg mob yog ib zaug, raws li kev tiv thaiv, nws txaus los tso cov tshuaj Ingaron rau hauv lub qhov ntswg ib zaug xwb.
Yuav kom cov tshuaj kom sib npaug, nws raug nquahu kom zaws lub qhov ntswg rau ob peb feeb tom qab instillation.
Kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj rau cov menyuam yaus
Gamma-interferon feem ntau suav nrog hauv kev kho mob ntawm ntau yam mob hauv menyuam yaus. Yog li, nws tau muab tshuaj rau cov neeg mob me tom qab tshem tawm papillomas nrog papillomatosis ua pa.
Kev tswj hwm ntawm cov tshuaj insulin raug pom zoo rau cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob siab B. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov koob tshuaj niaj hnub ntawm cov tshuaj raug xam nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, raws li qhov tseeb hais tias 10 txhiab IU yog xav tau rau ib kilogram ntawm ib tug. tus neeg mob me qhov hnyav. Kev txhaj tshuaj yog ua 1 zaug hauv ib hnub rau 7-10 hnub, tom qab lub sijhawm teev tseg, koob tshuaj yog halved. Kev kho mob txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv rau 3 lub lis piam, thiab kev txhaj tshuaj yog ua tiav ib zaug txhua ob hnub.
Cia peb siv "Ingaron" rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj mob ntev thiab mob siab rau kab mob siab B. Nrog rau tus kab mob no, cov neeg mob me tau txhaj tshuaj intramuscular ntawm 10 txhiab IU ib 1 kg ntawm lub cev hnyav ob zaug ib lub lis piam. Cov kev kho mob zoo li no yog los ntawm 1 mus rau 2 lub hlis, tab sis nrog cov ntaub ntawv qib siab lossis cov kab mob hnyav, nws tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus txog 6 lub hlis.
Yog tias tus menyuam raug kuaj pom tias muaj kab mob siab ntev D (HDV), thiab tsis muaj cov tsos mob ntawm daim siab cirrhosis, cov tshuaj raug muab rau ntawm 5 txhiab IU ib 1 kg.lub cev hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob. Cov tshuaj yog muab ob zaug ib lub lim tiam. Kev kho mob yog 8 txhaj tshuaj, thiab nws tuaj yeem rov ua dua hauv 1-6 lub hlis.
Tab sis yog tias cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob cirrhosis tseem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv mob siab mob siab, ces cov tshuaj tau muab ob zaug hauv ib lub lis piam ntawm tus nqi ntawm 5 txhiab IU ib kilogram ntawm tus menyuam qhov hnyav. Kev txhaj tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv 30 hnub, thiab yog tias cov tsos mob ntawm decompensation tom qab tshwm sim, chav kawm rov qab ua dua tom qab 2 lub hlis.
Cov menyuam yaus uas muaj kab mob ntev xws li bronchitis, enteritis, laryngitis lossis pharyngitis tau raug tshuaj 10,000 IU ib kilogram ntawm lub cev hnyav. Ntxiv mus, rau ib lub hlis tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau txais 2-3 txhaj tshuaj txhua lub lim tiam. Rov ua cov kev kho mob raws li kws kho mob tau sau tseg tsis pub dhau 3 lub hlis.
Perifocal tshuaj noj rau menyuam yaus
Yog tias keratoacanthoma, squamous lossis basal cell carcinoma raug kuaj pom hauv cov neeg mob hluas, gamma interferon yuav suav nrog hauv txoj kev kho mob. Nws raug tswj hwm txhua hnub ncaj qha raws li kev tsom mus rau cov txheej txheem inflammatory ntawm 100-250 txhiab IU rau 10 hnub. Thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv zos tau hais tawm, kev txhaj tshuaj yog nqa tawm tom qab 1-2 hnub. Tom qab kawg ntawm chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob nrog Ingaron, cov kws kho mob tshuaj xyuas pom zoo kom cryodestruction kom sib sau ua ke cov nyhuv kho.
Thaum twg cov menyuam tau txais tshuaj subconjunctival?
Ntau zaus, cov tshuaj yog siv nyob rau hauv ophthalmology los kho cov neeg mob los ntawm 7 xyoo. Yog li, nrog keratoiridocyclitis thiab stromal keratitis, tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoosubconjunctival txhaj ntawm gamma interferon. Qhov ntau npaum li cas thiab zaus ntawm cov txheej txheem yog nyob ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj yog ua nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj loog hauv zos, thiab raws li ib tug tshuaj loog, raws li txoj cai, ib tug 0.5% dicaine tov yog siv. Tus nqi tuaj yeem yog los ntawm 10 mus rau 20 txhaj tshuaj.
siv tshuaj kho mob
Tsis tas li, Ingaron kev kho mob (kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm kws kho mob paub meej cov ntaub ntawv no) ua kom cov neeg mob rov zoo los ntawm cov kab mob keratitis thiab conjunctivitis. Cov tshuaj no yog siv rau tej yam mob hauv zos.
Txhawm rau npaj cov tshuaj, cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib lub ampoule yog diluted hauv 5 ml ntawm sodium chloride thiab khaws cia hauv lub tub yees rau 12 teev tom ntej. Thov npaj "Ingaron" (tee) 6-8 zaug hauv ib hnub. Raws li cov tsos mob ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory ploj, qhov zaus ntawm daim ntawv thov raug txo mus rau 3-4 zaug. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 14 hnub.
leej twg yog tshuaj contraindicated rau?
Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj tsis raug pom zoo rau cov tib neeg uas muaj kev tsis haum rau interferon gamma lossis ib qho ntawm cov khoom pabcuam ntawm cov tshuaj. Cov poj niam cev xeeb tub yuav tsum tsis txhob noj cov tshuaj ib yam nkaus. Nws yog txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj Ingaron rau kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous thiab intramuscular thaum muaj ntshav qab zib mellitus thiab kab mob autoimmune. Tsis tau muab tshuaj rau qhov ntswg rau cov neeg mob hnub nyoog qis dua 7 xyoo.
Tshuaj mob tshwm sim thiab overdose
Zoo li txhua yam tshuaj, Ingaron (tee thiab txhaj tshuaj) muaj ntau yam kev phivkev ua. Yog li, nrog kev tswj hwm subcutaneous lossis intramuscular ntawm cov tshuaj, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv zos tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Feem ntau, nws manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hyperemia ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nrog rau ib tug me ntsis mob syndrome. Qee tus neeg mob yuav hnov mob thiab hyperthermia thaum kho.
Thaum siv tshuaj ntau dua 1,000,000 IU, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov tsos mob xws li mob khaub thuas xws li mob taub hau, qaug zog, mob caj dab, thiab pyrexia. Thiab yog hais tias qhov degree ntawm manifestation ntawm cov cim qhia me me, ces tsis tas yuav tsum tau kho cov tsos mob. Yog tias cov tsos mob tshwm sim, nws raug nquahu kom noj Paracetamol.
Cov kws kho mob xav li cas txog Ingaron?
Rov qab rau xyoo 1957, ua tsaug rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb, interferon tau tshawb pom thiab kawm kom ntxaws. Txij thaum ntawd los, ntau cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb twb tau sau tseg txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntau hauv ntau yam tshuaj. Thiab yog tias kev siv cov interferon rau cov kab mob xws li kab mob siab lossis kab mob oncological neoplasms tau ua pov thawj los ntawm ntau cov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam, ces qhov kev tawm tswv yim ntawm kev noj nws rau mob khaub thuas tseem yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv peb lub sijhawm. Wb sim nkag siab tias yog vim li cas cov luminaries ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm ntau lub teb chaws tau tham txog qhov no tau ntau xyoo lawm.
Feem ntau cov kws kho mob hauv qhov chaw tom qab-Soviet tsis ua tsis tiav pom zoo kom muab cov tshuaj "Ingaron" rau hauv lub qhov ntswg ntawm thawj cov tsos mob ntawm SARS. Kev tshuaj xyuas cov kws kho mob tib lub sijhawm hais txog kev ceev ceevqhov pib ntawm kev kho mob thiab nce hauv lub cev tiv thaiv.
Cov kws kho mob sab hnub poob muaj kev xav tawm tsam tag nrho ntawm qhov teeb meem no. Lawv tsis lees paub cov txiaj ntsig ntawm interferon hauv ARVI, tab sis tsom mus rau qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim uas Ingaron, tshuaj tsuag lossis tee, tuaj yeem ua rau. Tom qab tag nrho, kev siv lub sij hawm ntev ntawm tus neeg sawv cev prophylactic nyob rau hauv ntau zaus ua rau khaus thiab yaig ntawm qhov ntswg mucosa, qhov tsos ntawm cov ntshav tawm thiab txham, thiab tseem ua rau muaj qhov txo qis ntawm cov leukocytes thiab ntshav (leukopenia).
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj "Ingaron" (tee) - cov lus qhia kuj qhia txog qhov no - tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam uas tsis txawv ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob khaub thuas. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb uas cov kws kho mob sab hnub poob xa mus thiab tsis siv gamma interferon hauv kev kho cov neeg mob khaub thuas thiab SARS.
Raws li cov kev tshuaj xyuas tsis sib haum ntawm cov kws kho mob, nws nyuaj heev los tham txog kev tawm tswv yim ntawm kev siv Ingaron.
Tshuaj analogues
Hnub no, muaj ntau yam tshuaj raws li interferon. Qhov kev sib txawv no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias ntau tshaj li ib nrab xyoo pua tau dhau los txij li kev tshawb pom ntawm cov amino acid compound no. Thiab txhua lub sijhawm no, cov kws muag tshuaj tau ua haujlwm los tsim cov tshuaj tshiab, ntau dua.
Zoo li cov tshuaj "Ingaron", analogues muaj interferon. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog xws li "Laferobion", "Ingaron A", "Human Interferon", "Avonex", "Alfaferon" thiab lwm yam.
Txhua yam tshuaj uas teev saum toj no muajamino acid compound - interferon. Lawv tau siv dav hauv ntau yam tshuaj hauv peb lub tebchaws rau kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob sib kis thiab kab mob etiology. Tab sis nws tsim nyog sau cia tias, txawm hais tias muaj keeb kwm ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv lawv ntawm koj tus kheej. Tom qab tag nrho, txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej contraindications thiab tuaj yeem ua mob rau tus neeg mob. Qhov ua tau ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb raws li interferon yuav tsum txiav txim siab los ntawm tus kws kho mob nkaus xwb. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kws kho mob tuaj koom kuj suav nrog kev suav ntawm qhov ntau npaum ntawm cov tshuaj thiab kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev ntawm nws cov kev tswj hwm. Hauv chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob, tsis hais seb Ingaron, analogues raws li gamma interferon lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj alpha interferon tau raug sau tseg, tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav saib xyuas lub zog ntawm cov kab mob thiab kho tus kheej lub sijhawm ntawm kev kho mob.
