Immunoregulatory index: cov cai thiab kev sib txawv

Cov txheej txheem:

Immunoregulatory index: cov cai thiab kev sib txawv
Immunoregulatory index: cov cai thiab kev sib txawv

Video: Immunoregulatory index: cov cai thiab kev sib txawv

Video: Immunoregulatory index: cov cai thiab kev sib txawv
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Immunoregulatory index (IRI) - ib qho ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm immunogram. Txoj kev tshawb no yog tsim los ntsuas lub cev tiv thaiv. Xws li ib qho kev soj ntsuam tsis tu ncua coj los ntawm cov neeg mob uas kuaj pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov ntsuas no hais li cas? Thiab dab tsi ua rau deviations los ntawm tus qauv? Peb yuav xav txog cov teeb meem no hauv kab lus.

Definition

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe ntawm immunogram, koj tuaj yeem pom CD4 / CD8 qhov taw qhia. Qhov no yog immunoregulatory index. Nws txhais li cas? Txhawm rau teb cov lus nug no, nws yuav tsum nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yog ua los ntawm lymphocytes. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav thiab thymus. Qhov no yog ib yam ntawm cov qe ntshav dawb - leukocytes. Lymphocytes tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg:

  1. B-cells. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas rhuav tshem cov neeg txawv teb chaws raug cais tawm. Muab kev tiv thaiv muaj zog tom qab kis kab mob.
  2. NK cells. Ua kom puas lub cev hlwb cuam tshuam los ntawm kev kis kab mob lossis qog.
  3. T cells. Qhov no yog qhov feem ntauntau pawg ntawm lymphocytes. T-hlwb yog nruab nrog tshwj xeeb receptors rau kev paub thiab khi ntawm txawv teb chaws proteins (antigens). Hom lymphocyte no kuj tswj lub zog ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Nyob rau hauv lem, T-lymphocytes tau muab faib ua ntau pawg, txhua tus yog lub luag haujlwm rau ib feem ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau kev ntxeem tau ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm txawv teb chaws. Muaj cov nram qab no hom T-cells:

  1. T-killers. Ua kom cov hlwb hloov pauv thiab muaj kab mob.
  2. T-tus pab. Thaum cov proteins txawv teb chaws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, cov pab cuam xa cov teeb liab mus rau pawg B lymphocytes, uas ua rau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
  3. T-suppressors. Cov hlwb no tswj lub zog ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog tias tsim nyog, lawv inhibit lossis ua kom tiav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm B-lymphocytes. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev rhuav tshem nws cov hlwb noj qab haus huv.
T-lymphocytes tawm tsam cov protein txawv teb chaws
T-lymphocytes tawm tsam cov protein txawv teb chaws

Nyob rau hauv deciphering lub immunogram, muaj tshwj xeeb designations rau T-lymphocytes:

  • CD3 - tag nrho tus lej ntawm T-cells;
  • CD4 - T-helpers;
  • CD8 - T-suppressors.

Immunoregulatory index (IRI) yog qhov piv ntawm CD4/CD8. Txhawm rau xam nws, koj yuav tsum faib tus nqi ntawm T-helper hlwb los ntawm T-suppressor tus nqi.

IRI qhia tias hom T-cell yog qhov nquag tshaj plaws. Feem ntau, hauv tus neeg mob, txhua pawg ntawm lymphocytes ua haujlwm sib haum xeeb. Yog tias qhov kev ua ntawm T-suppressors predominates, qhov txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv tshwm sim. Nrog nce kev ua tau zooT-tus pab cuam tshwm sim autoimmune tshuaj tiv thaiv lub cev cov ntaub so ntswg.

Immunogram

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov ntsuas immunoregulatory yog ua raws li ib feem ntawm immunogram. Cov ntshav venous los yog capillary raug coj mus kuaj. Qee zaum, cov qaub ncaug, qog qog nqaij hlav, lossis cov kua cerebrospinal raug kuaj.

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb fawb, tsis tsuas yog IRI txiav txim siab, tab sis kuj cov ntsuas ntawm cov hlwb hauv qab no yog xam:

  • leukocytes;
  • T-lymphocytes (tag nrho);
  • ntau pab pawg ntawm T hlwb (ib leeg).

Ntxiv rau, tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm pawg sib txawv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lymphocyte blast transformation raug txiav txim.

Immunological kuaj ntshav
Immunological kuaj ntshav

Thaum ntxov, qhov ntsuas kev tiv thaiv kab mob tau suav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas. Tam sim no, CD4 / CD8 piv tsuas yog ntsuas nrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv immunoassay. Nws tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov kev kuaj mob tsuas yog raws li IRI.

Indications rau kev tshawb fawb

Muaj cov lus qhia hauv qab no rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob:

  • thawj thiab theem nrab immunodeficiencies;
  • kab mob kis kab mob;
  • kab mob sib kis;
  • poob phaus tsis tsim nyog;
  • xav tias autoimmune pathologies;
  • siv sijhawm ntev ntawm corticosteroids thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

Tus nqi ntawm IRI tseem ceeb heev rau kev ntsuas tus neeg mob tus mob thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho tus kab mob HIV. Raws li qhov ntsuas ntsuas, ib tus tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog kev kho mob. Tag nrho cov kab mob ntawm tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mobNws yog ib qho tsim nyog los soj ntsuam qhov no tsis tu ncua.

Kev ua haujlwm ib txwm

Qhov piv txwv CD4/CD8 yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 1.6 thiab 2.2. Cov ntaub ntawv siv tau zoo ib yam rau cov neeg mob hnub nyoog thiab poj niam txiv neej. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qee qhov kev tsom xam yuav muab cov ntaub ntawv cuav. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj kev tshawb no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj hormones steroid, cytostatics, thiab txawm tias multivitamin complexes.

Yog li ntawd, ob peb hnub ua ntej kev kawm, nws raug nquahu kom tsis txhob noj tshuaj. Yog tias tus neeg mob tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam txoj kev kho tshuaj, nws yuav tsum tau ceeb toom rau tus kws kho mob txog txhua yam tshuaj noj.

nce nqi

Yog tias tus neeg mob muaj qhov nce qib ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob, qhov no qhia tau tias muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau dhau ntawm T-tus pab thiab ua rau tsis muaj zog ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm T-suppressors. Raws li qhov no, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem rhuav tshem lub cev cov ntaub so ntswg.

Lymphocytes rhuav tshem cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev
Lymphocytes rhuav tshem cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev

Kev nce IRI feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob autoimmune (systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid mob caj dab, thiab lwm yam). Qhov ua rau ntau dhau ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm T-tus pab kuj tuaj yeem ua rau qog ntawm thymus. Nrog rau cov kab mob no, ntau cov lymphocytes raug tsim.

Tus nqi siab ntawm IRI tau sau tseg hauv cov mob qog ntshav qog ntshav qog ntshav. Tus kab mob hnyav no yog nrog los ntawm kev tswj tsis tau nce ntawm cov lymphocytes tsis paub tab.

Txhob Cia Siab

Yog tias qhov ntsuas tiv thaiv kab mob qis qis, qhov no qhia tau tias muaj kev puas tsuaj loj hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. TsawgIRI cov cim qhia tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlwb tiv thaiv hauv lub cev tsis muaj zog, thiab kev tswj hwm los ntawm T-suppressors ntau dhau. Qhov no feem ntau tau sau tseg hauv cov kab mob hauv qab no, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob:

  • kab mob sib kis (xws li kab mob HIV);
  • kev tiv thaiv kabmob kheesxaws;
  • txhua yam kab mob ntev thiab mob ntev;
  • mob pob txha.
Txo kev tiv thaiv
Txo kev tiv thaiv

IRI qis hauv cov neeg mob HIV qhia tau tias kev kho tsis tau zoo thiab ua rau tus neeg mob lub cev tsis zoo.

Yuav ua li cas yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv

Yog tias tus neeg mob tau nce IRI, qhov no yuav yog ib qho kev mob hnyav. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov kev kuaj mob tsuas yog raws li immunogram. Hauv qhov no, yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ntxiv. Hauv autoimmune pathologies, tus neeg mob tau pom tias siv cov tshuaj corticosteroids ntev ntev thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau kev soj ntsuam hauv tsev kho mob. Yog tias tus neeg mob muaj tus mob lymphoblastic leukemia, ces yuav tsum tau kawm tshuaj khomob. Yog tias qhov nce hauv IRI yog provoked los ntawm thymus qog, ces cov neoplasm raug tshem tawm phais.

Yuav ua li cas yog tias IRI raug txo qis? Qhov ntsuas no yog ib qho cim ntawm qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv. Puas muaj cov tshuaj txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab mob? Yog tias qhov txo qis hauv IRI yog provoked los ntawm kev kis kab mob los yog kab mob ntev, tom qab ntawd lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rov qab mus rau nws tus kheej tom qab rov zoo los yog tshem tawm. Qee zaum, cov neeg mobtshuaj immunomodulators:

  • "Viferon";
  • "Polyoxidonium";
  • "Arbidol";
  • "Immunal";
  • Y"Cycloferon".
Immunomodulator "Polyoxidonium"
Immunomodulator "Polyoxidonium"

Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem noj tau raws li qhia thiab nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm kws kho mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub cev tau siv rau immunomodulators, thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj no txo qis. Kev tsim txom ntawm cov tshuaj immunostimulating tuaj yeem ua rau txo qis ntawm nws tus kheej lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Yog tias qhov sib piv CD4/CD8 qis hauv tus neeg mob HIV, yuav tsum tau ua qhov kev kuaj kab mob. Yog tias tsim nyog, tus kws kho mob yuav kho cov txheej txheem kho mob thiab nce cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

Pom zoo: