Muaj ntau yam tsis paub tias nws yog dab tsi - kev sib tsoo. Nws yog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb siv los kuaj xyuas ntau yam pathologies, nrog rau kev kho cov kab mob lom thiab cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev. Ua ntej tus neeg mob pom zoo rau cov txheej txheem no, nws yuav tsum tau kawm kom zoo dua seb nws yog dab tsi - puncture. Nov yog qhov peb yuav tham txog hauv peb tsab xov xwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntawm no koj yuav pom cov ntaub ntawv hais txog thaum twg cov txheej txheem no raug sau tseg.
Qhov no yog dab tsi?
Ib qho puncture yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov hlab ntsha, cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev, ntau cov kab noj hniav, neoplasms rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kuaj mob lossis rau kev sau cov kua dej. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no qee zaum kuj tsim nyog rau kev tswj hwm tshuaj. Hais txog dab tsi nws yog - ib tug puncture, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias nws yog siv los soj ntsuam cov kab mob ntawm daim siab, ntsws, pob txha pob txha, thiab pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg. Feem ntau, txoj kev no yog siv los txheeb xyuas cov kab mob oncological. Txhawm rau kom paub meej qhov kev kuaj mob, cov khoom siv raug coj musncaj qha los ntawm cov qog nws tus kheej.
Yog tias peb tham txog cov hlab ntsha, ces ntawm no yog siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob, nrog rau kev txhim kho catheters. Cov poj niam tuaj yeem raug txhaj tshuaj thaum IVF.
Ntau yam
Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Cov tseem ceeb yog raws li nram no:
- P sab laug puncture. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog thaum cov kua tau ntim ntawm cov nplooj pleural hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntshav los yog exudate.
- Sternal puncture. Cov txheej txheem no yog ua rau cov neeg mob uas xav tias muaj kab mob hematopoietic xws li leukemia, aplastic anemia, thiab myelodysplastic syndrome.
- Biopsy. Cov neeg mob tau muab tshuaj rau qhov xav tias malignant neoplasms, nrog rau ntau yam pathologies. Feem ntau, cov kws kho mob biopsy lub siab, ntsws, raum, prostate, thyroid, zes qe menyuam, thiab lwm yam kabmob sab hauv.
- Spinal puncture. Cov txheej txheem yog qhia rau cov neeg mob meningitis, neuroleukemia, subarachnoid hemorrhage, hlwb neoplasm.
- Cordocentesis. Cov txheej txheem no yog puncture ntawm umbilical vein, uas cov ntshav ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab yog coj los tshuaj xyuas.
Ntxiv rau txhua yam uas tau piav qhia saum toj no, cov poj niam kuj tau raug tshuaj rau cov pob txha, uas tau ua thaum IVF. Nov yog lub sijhawm tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev mus rau niam txiv. Kev tshuaj xyuas hais tias tom qab puncture ntawm follicles, raws li zoo raws li thaum lub sij hawmCov txheej txheem no, cov neeg mob tsuas muaj qhov tsis xis nyob xwb.
Nws ua li cas?
Tab sis qhov txheej txheem no ua li cas? Raws li tau hais ua ntej, kev sib tsoo yog ib qho kev sib tsoo uas siv rab koob tshwj xeeb nyias thiab cov koob txhaj tshuaj, nrog rau lawv cov kev nkag mus rau hauv lub cev kom tshem tawm cov kua dej lossis lwm yam khoom siv. Cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem ua tau ntau txoj hauv kev: los ntawm txoj kev siv tshuaj loog hauv zos, tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab mob, nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj loog. Txhua yam yuav nyob ntawm seb lub cev, qhov chaw ntawm kev kawm thiab lwm yam nuances.
Qhov kev tshwm sim no tsuas yog ua nyob rau hauv hom chaw nres tsheb. Tus neeg mob yuav tsum xaiv txoj haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws rau tus kws kho mob. Lub sijhawm ntawm cov txheej txheem yog li 15 feeb. Ua ntej puncture nws tus kheej, qhov chaw yog kho nrog ib tug antiseptic. Thaum noj cov khoom, koj tsis tuaj yeem txav mus los kom cov koob tsis kov cov hlab ntsha thiab cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ze. Tom qab noj cov khoom, tus neeg mob yuav tsum pw tsaug zog rau qee lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, yog tias pob txha pob txha ua tiav, tus neeg mob yuav tsum pw ntawm nws sab li 30 feeb.
Yuav ua li cas thiaj raug sau tseg? Kev hnov qab thaum tswj hwm
Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov puncture qhia tias cov txheej txheem tsis mob, tab sis yuav ua rau tsis xis nyob. Thiab tam sim no cia peb saib cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb uas qhov kev tshwm sim tuaj yeem raug xa mus.
rau kev sib tw
Qhov kev sib tsoo no yog siv thaum nws yuav tsum tau coj los ua ke thiab tuav kev sib cuag mus txog thaum cov ntaub so ntswg fused. Piv txwv li, xws li ib tug puncture yog siv rau daim tawv nqaij incisions,aponeurosis, serous daim nyias nyias, lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg, plab hnyuv, plawv, vascular phab ntsa los yog parenchyma ntawm lub cev, nrog rau cov nqaij ntshiv, tendons, thiab lwm yam
Rau tshuaj tswj hwm
Thaum ib qho los yog lwm yam tshuaj loog, cov tshuaj indifferent nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg los yog kab noj hniav. Ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo rau lub hom phiaj kom zoo nkauj, lawv raug txhaj rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous, piv txwv li, silicone rau hauv lub caj pas mammary lossis molten paraffin rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov ntswg thaum nws thim rov qab kom tshem tawm qhov tsis xws luag. Thaum kawg, kev siv tshuaj intradermal kuj tseem siv tau. Kev sib sib zog nqus punctures kuj tau ua, piv txwv li, lub plab phab ntsa nrog ascites.
Yuav khoom
Puncture kuj tseem siv yog tias tsim nyog kom tau txais txoj hauv kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws rau cov khoom siv biopsy (lub plab lossis cov kua dej hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov ntaub so ntswg txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tshuaj lom neeg, bacteriological lossis microscopic tsom xam). Qhov no feem ntau yog ua kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau kev kuaj mob thiab rau kev xaiv kom raug ntau ntxiv txog kev phais.
Lub puncture ua rau nws muaj peev xwm soj ntsuam ncaj qha nrog qhov kawg ntawm lub ntsuas txhua qhov ntom ntom pathological tsim los yog txawv teb chaws cov khoom muab zais rau hauv qhov tob ntawm lub cev thiab tsuas yog ib tus neeg raug liam ua ntej qhov puncture. Xws li kev sim punctures yog siv rau pleurisy, pericarditis, meningitis. Qhov no tseem ceeb thaum muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog qhov muaj qhov subperiosteal lossis txawm tob hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm qhov chaw tsom.purulent o thaum lwm yam kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv yog inconclusive. Nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, xws li ib tug puncture, tsis sawv cev rau ib tug loj txaus ntshai rau tus neeg mob, raws li zoo-paub txoj cai thiab ceev faj, yog ib tug indispensable diagnostic cuab tam nyob rau hauv lub tes ntawm tus kws kho mob.
Kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj
Ib qho puncture yog qhia rau tso tawm ntau cov kua thiab txawm gaseous khoom ntawm kev ua si los ntawm ntau yam kabmob ntawm tib neeg lub cev los yog tsub zuj zuj ntawm cov khoom ntawm pathological cov ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug ntawm nws cov departments. Yog li, nrog rau kev tso zis tso zis, qhov tso zis ntawm lub zais zis saum lub pubis yog qhia, nrog ascites - ib qho kev sib tsoo ntawm lub plab sab hauv phab ntsa, nrog rau mob exudative, mob pericarditis lossis mob ntsws, hemothorax, thoracocentesis. Rau testicular hydrocele los yog dropsy ntawm lub hauv caug, qhov puncture yog ua los tshem tawm cov kab mob pathological.
Cov npe plaub pawg ntawm cov lus qhia tuaj yeem muab faib ua 4 pawg ntawm kev sib tsoo:
- phais sutures, xa mus rau kev phais mob rau kev koom nrog tib neeg lub cev nqaij daim tawv;
- kho mob punctures rau kev qhia txog tshuaj lossis tshuaj tsis haum;
- txhaj tshuaj punctures, kom khoob cov kua dej los yog cov pa roj - khiav tawm puncture;
- kuaj mob txhawm rau kuaj mob los ntawm kev tau txais cov kua dej lossis cov ntaub so ntswg rau kev kuaj, lossis los ntawm kev sojntsuam ncaj nraim mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov kab mob hauv qab.
Tam sim no, raws li qee tus kws sau ntawv, xav tau kev kuaj mobpunctures. Qhov no yog vim, ntawm ib sab, rau kev siv hauv kev phais ntawm kev qhib qhov chaw phais thiab ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev tswj qhov muag. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov cuab yeej kuaj mob tshiab thiab cov kev tshawb fawb (ultrasound diagnostics, xam tomography, nuclear magnetic resonance, angiography thiab lwm txoj kev X-ray thiab electronic diagnostics).
Txawm li cas los xij, kev kuaj mob punctures tseem txaus siab rau lawv txoj cai tsim nyog ntawm kev ua pej xeem hauv kev phais mob, tsis hais txog qhov tseeb tias daim ntawv thov kev phais thiab kev kho mob punctures yog nce. Kev khiav hauj lwm tau tuaj rau hauv kev siv rau cov qhov txhab ntawm lub plawv, cov hlab ntsha, lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, thiab rau kev hloov ntawm lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg, qhov twg vascular sutures yog siv, piv txwv li, vascular suture raws li Carrel. Rau cov saum toj no, punctures yuav tsum tau ntxiv, uas muab ob qho tib si kuaj mob thiab kho cov nyhuv. Cov no suav nrog kev siv ntau hom kab mob plab endoscopes.
