Kev mob ntshav ntawm tus menyuam tsis yog ua rau niam txiv ntshai. Lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau tus menyuam noj qab haus huv. Piv txwv li, ib qho tsis kaj siab pathology hu ua "thrombocytopenia" nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam yuav qhia tau hais tias muaj ib tug kab mob loj, thiab tsis tsuas yog cov ntshav. Txawm hais tias feem ntau tus mob no tuaj yeem dhau mus yam tsis muaj kev kho tshwj xeeb thiab tsis ua rau muaj mob hnyav rau tus menyuam. Tab sis nws cov tsos mob tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej.
YPathology yog dab tsi?
Thrombocytopenia hauv tus menyuam yog ib yam mob uas ua rau cov ntshav platelets tsawg dua li qub. Cov qe ntshav no yog qhov tsim nyog rau lub cev, vim lawv txiav txim siab seb cov ntshav txhaws yuav zoo li cas.
Feem ntau, qhov me me ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob tsis txaus ntshai thiab tsis tas yuav tsum kho nws. Qee zaum, nws txaus los noj cov vitamins thiab kho cov zaub mov. Tab sis yog hais tias tus thrombocytopenia nyob rau hauv ib tug me nyuam yog heev pronounced, ces tus me nyuam yuav muaj mob hnyav thiab tsis tswj los ntshav.
Qhov teeb meem no tuaj yeem tshwm simCov kab mob ywj pheej lossis yog cov tsos mob ntawm cov kab mob loj: hluav taws xob mob, thrombosis, pob txha pob txha puas.
Vim txoj kev loj hlob
Yog tias thrombocytopenia kuaj pom hauv cov menyuam yaus, nws cov laj thawj tuaj yeem ua raws li hauv qab no:
- mob hnyav rau lub cev.
- txheej txheem autoimmune (overproduction ntawm antiplatelet lub cev).
- kev tsis haum tshuaj.
- Tsis muaj kab hauv lub cev.
- Pathology ntawm lub siab.
- Radiation exposure.
- HIV
- Werlhof Pathology.
Cov laj thawj no feem ntau tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob pathology tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
YKev mob hnyav ntawm pathology
Thrombocytopenia hauv tus menyuam tuaj yeem muaj qhov hnyav hauv qab no:
- Tsawg 20 × 10 9/l mob hnyav, muaj kev pheej hmoo los ntshav sai sai uas nyuaj rau nres.
- 20-50 × 10 9 / l - nruab nrab degree. Hauv qhov no, spontaneous los ntshav yog tsawg heev. Txawm li cas los xij, ib tus neeg yuav poob ntshav ntau dhau thaum phais lossis raug mob.
- 50-150 × 10 9 / l - qhov no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov los ntshav loj yog tsawg heev.
Txawm li cas los xij, tus mob pathological tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob xws li thrombocytopenic purpura hauv cov menyuam yaus. Kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob no yuav tsum muaj kev dav.
Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob
Yog li, yog tias thrombocytopenia tshwm sim, cov tsos mob ntawm cov menyuam yaus yuav yog:
- kiv taub hau.
- cov pos hniav.
- Ntaus thiab ntuav.
- Ntsuag lub qhov ntswg.
- Qhov tshwm sim ntawm pob pob me me ntawm lub cev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab qis.
- Tom qab tshem cov hniav lossis txiav, cov ntshav tsis tuaj yeem nres tau ntev.
- Bruises daim ntawv ntawm tus me nyuam lub cev, thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua txhua yam. Qhov no yog purpura, uas tsis suav hais tias yog tus kab mob ywj pheej. Nws yog ib qho tsos mob ntawm lub cev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab ib qho loj heev. Purpura tseem tuaj yeem qhia qhov pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm leukemia hauv menyuam yaus.
- Ntshav pom txawm nyob hauv cov zis thiab quav.
Ib qib loj ntawm cov kab mob uas tau nthuav tawm tuaj yeem ua rau los ntshav ntawm txhua yam hauv nruab nrog cev thiab txawm tias muaj ntshav hauv lub hlwb. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem ncua sijhawm mus ntsib kws kho mob.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov kab mob pathological
Yog li, muaj cov hom thrombocytopenia:
- Immune. Nws yog tsim txawm tias ua ntej yug menyuam vim qhov nkag ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb los ntawm leej niam lub cev rau hauv tus menyuam los ntawm cov placenta. Tej zaum kuj yuav tshwm sim nrog kev tso ntshav.
- Thrombocytopenia, tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb uas tsim tawm hauv cov pob txha pob txha.
- Thrombocytopenia ntawm kev noj. Nws txhim kho nrog thrombosis, nrog rau tom qab poob ntshav loj.
- Pathology uas txhim kho hauv cov txheej txheem hloov cov pob txha pob txha nrog ib qhoneoplasms. Feem ntau qhov no tshwm sim nrog mob qog noj ntshav, thaum metastases loj hlob.
- Thrombocytopenia, uas tsim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau cov platelets vim hemangioma.
Feem ntau, nws yog hom kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob uas tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv cov menyuam yaus.
Cov pab pawg twg ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob thrombocytopenia muaj nyob?
Immune thrombocytopenia hauv menyuam yaus yog:
- Isoimmune. Qhov no pathology tau txais. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob yog qhov swb ntawm platelets vim qhov tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm cov ntshav ntawm leej niam thiab tus menyuam. Qhov laj thawj tseem yuav yog qhov ingress ntawm niam cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau hauv cov ntshav ntawm tus menyuam. Qhov ntawd yog, thrombocytopenia nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tshwm sim txawm tias ua ntej tus menyuam yug los.
- Heteroimmune. Nws cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm platelet nws tus kheej. Kab mob viral tuaj yeem ua rau qhov no.
- Autoimmune. Daim ntawv no ntawm pathology yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub cev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv nws tus kheej tsis hloov pauv antigen.
- Hereditary. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm congenital inferiority ntawm platelets. Hauv qhov no, cov qe ntshav no muaj lub neej luv luv.
Nyob rau hauv cov menyuam mos yug tshiab thiab feem ntau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua, nws yog hom kab mob heteroimmune uas feem ntau kuaj pom.
Nthuav dav
Tus mob thrombocytopenia hauv cov menyuam yaus tsuas yog kuaj tau yog tias cov tsos mob tsis ploj mus ntau dua ib xyoos. featurexws li cov mob pathological yog qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov tsos mob. Txawm li cas los xij, txhua qhov exacerbation yog fraught nrog cov teeb meem loj heev, yog li tus menyuam yuav tsum nyob hauv kev saib xyuas ze. Thaum lub sij hawm exacerbation ntawm pathology, tus me nyuam raug txwv tsis pub mus kawm preschool tsev.
Raws li cov menyuam kawm ntawv, nws tsis xav kom lawv tawm hauv chav kawm thaum so, thiab lawv kuj raug zam ntawm kev kawm lub cev. Nws kuj tseem ceeb heev los tiv thaiv kab mob ua pa hauv lawv.
Kev kuaj kab mob
Kev kho mob ntawm thrombocytopenia hauv cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau ua tom qab kuaj xyuas kom meej. Kev ua tus kheej tsis yog txais tos ntawm no.
Kev kuaj mob muaj cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
- Kev kuaj ntshav ntawm cov ntshav txhawm rau txiav txim siab qib platelets.
- Kev kuaj kab mob.
- Electrocardiogram.
- X-ray.
- Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Endoscopy.
- YUltrasound.
Nov yog daim ntawv teev npe kawm tiav. Tej zaum koj tsis tas yuav mus dhau ntawm lawv txhua tus. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov ua rau ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology.
Cov kab mob loj dab tsi ua rau thrombocytopenia qhia?
Thrombocytopenia hauv cov menyuam yaus (kev tshuaj xyuas txog nws tsis yog ib txwm tsis meej) yuav qhia tau tias muaj cov kab mob no:
- YWiskott-Aldrich Syndrome. Feem ntau nws raug kuaj pom hauv cov tub. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tshwm sim tsis tu ncua ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob ua pa sab saud, muaj cov kab mob purulent ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nrog rau platelet insufficiency.
- Fanconi kab mob. Ntawm no qhov ua rau thrombocytopenia yog kev ua txhaum ntawm tag nrho cov hematopoietic system. Hauv qhov no, ob qho tib si dawb thiab liab hematopoiesis raug ntaus. Thawj cov tsos mob yuav tshwm sim ntxov li ob peb xyoos tom qab yug me nyuam.
- Congenital tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev los tsim platelets. Tus kab mob no tsawg heev. Nws tshwm sim tam sim tom qab yug me nyuam. Nrog rau thrombocytopenia, tus me nyuam tuaj yeem kuaj tau cov pob txha tsis zoo, pathologies ntawm chromosomes. Qhov kev tshwm sim hauv qhov no tsis yog ib txwm zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yaus.
Txoj kev kho mob ntawm pathology
Kev kho mob ntawm thrombocytopenia hauv cov menyuam yaus yog txuam nrog qee yam kev pheej hmoo. Piv txwv li, muaj qhov txaus ntshai los ntshav hnyav uas yuav nyuaj rau tswj. Thaum lub sij hawm kho, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tsis txhob nthuav tawm lub cev mus rau qhov kev tawm dag zog tsawg kawg nkaus.
Yog tias thrombocytopenia hauv tus menyuam loj hlob vim muaj lwm yam kab mob, ces lawv yuav tsum tau kho. Kev tshwm sim muaj zog heev ntawm cov kab mob pathological yuav tsum tau kho raws li tus kab mob hauv qab.
Kev kho yog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov neeg pub ntshav platelets, txawm hais tias txoj haujlwm no tsuas yog ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig ib ntus xwb. Tus neeg mob kuj tau muab folic acid thiab vitamin B. Yog tias qhov ua rau tsis muaj cov tshuaj no hauv lub cev, ces thrombocytopenia ploj tom qab kev kho.
Cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau tiv thaiv txhua txoj hauv kev kom tsis txhob raug mob, yog li tsis suav nrog kev kawm lub cev thiab kev ua kis las. Thaum kho, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv xws liCov tshuaj xws li Aspirin lossis lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, vim tias lawv cuam tshuam platelet kev ua haujlwm ntxiv.
Cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem raug sau tshuaj steroid los txo cov haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Txoj kev radical tshaj plaws los daws qhov teeb meem no yog tshem tawm tus po. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua plaub xyoos. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev noj haus yuav pab tiv thaiv kab mob.
Nws kuj yog qhov yuav tsum tau kho tus menyuam txoj kev noj haus thiab sib npaug ua haujlwm thiab so. Tus me nyuam yuav tsum tau muab ib qho kev ua si ntawm lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis txhob hnov qab txog kev nyab xeeb.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov kev siv ntawm los ntshav yog qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv thawj hnub ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm pathological mob. Kev kho mob ntawm daim ntawv mob hnyav tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv tsev kho mob. Tus menyuam yuav tsum tau pw tsaug zog nruj.
Glucocorticosteroids feem ntau yog siv los kho. Cov chav kawm ntawm kev kho mob kav li 3-6 lub lis piam. Kev txhaj tshuaj immunoglobulin kuj tseem tuaj yeem muab. Hoob no yog 5 hnub.
Yog tias muaj ntshav los ntawm lub qhov ntswg, ces yuav tsum muaj daim txhuam cev hemostatic, uas yog impregnated nrog thrombin. Qee lub sij hawm tus me nyuam tau pom tias muaj ntshav liab. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj uas tau nthuav tawm tsuas yog siv tau rau ob peb hnub xwb.
kev kho neeg zoo
Tau kawg, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog koj tus kws kho mob ua ntej siv lawv. Cov zaub mov hauv qab no yuav pab tau:
- Sesame oil. Nws muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb uas tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ntshav tsim cov kabmob. Tsuas ntxiv roj rau zaub xam lav.
- Dioecious nettle. Cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau boil rau 10 feeb. Qhov no yuav tsum tau 10 g ntawm qhuav crushed raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab ib quarter liter ntawm boiling dej. Tom ntej no, qhov sib tov yog txias thiab lim. Koj yuav tsum noj cov tshuaj txhua hnub rau 20 g.
- Infusion ntawm verbena. Koj yuav tsum ncuav 5 g ntawm nyom nrog ib khob ntawm boiling dej. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum qhwv lub thawv nrog ib daim phuam sov thiab cia nws brew rau ib nrab ib teev. Tom qab ntawd, koj yuav tsum txias thiab lim. Haus cov tshuaj npaj yuav tsum tsawg kawg ib hlis hauv ib khob ib hnub.
Thaum siv cov tshuaj pej xeem, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tus menyuam lub cev muaj kev phom sij heev, yog li koj yuav tsum tau muab tshuaj ntsuab rau tus menyuam kom ceev faj.
Huab cua
Yog li, idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ib daim duab hauv cov menyuam yaus tau nthuav tawm hauv tsab xov xwm) yog qhov ntau heev. Qhov tshwm sim hauv qhov no yog nyob ntawm daim ntawv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv mob, ua kom tiav rov qab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 80% ntawm cov neeg mob. Ntxiv mus, kev kho mob tsis yog ib txwm siv.
Raws li mob thrombocytopenia raws li tus kab mob ywj pheej, tsis tas yuav xav kom rov zoo tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, kev kwv yees rau lub neej yog qhov zoo. Txawm hais tias cov neeg mob twb xav tau kev saib xyuas tas li.
Tus kab mob puas tiv thaiv tau?
Yog li, thrombocytopenia hauv cov menyuam yaus (qhov ua rau thiab kev kho mob twb tau tham lawm) tsis yog ib qho yooj yim pathology uas tuaj yeem ua cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob hnyav dua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov mob pathological no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv. Ua li no, ua raws li cov nokev tiv thaiv:
- Cov xwm txheej uas ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev raug mob ntawm txhua yam yuav tsum zam. Piv txwv li, nws yog qhov zoo dua kom koj tus menyuam nyob deb ntawm qee yam kis las.
- Nws yog ntshaw kom kho cov zaub mov. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas cov zaub mov muaj cov vitamins thiab minerals uas xav tau.
- Nws yog qhov zoo dua kom tsis txhob noj tshuaj xws li Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Voltaren.
Hauv paus ntsiab lus, thrombocytopenia feem ntau tsis yog kab mob ua rau lub neej. Txawm li cas los xij, me ntsis kev mloog yuav tsum tau them rau nws. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshuaj xyuas tus menyuam. Noj qab nyob zoo!
