Kev txhaj tshuaj niaj hnub no yog ib txoj hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis thiab kis kab mob, suav nrog cov uas ua rau muaj teeb meem loj. Ua tsaug rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tib neeg lub cev kawm tau teb sai yog tias nws ntsib cov kab mob pathology. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib qho tshuaj immunobiological, qhov kev txiav txim ntawm uas yog tsom rau kev tsim ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov tsis muaj zog lossis tuag microbes, lawv cov khoom pov tseg, lossis los ntawm lawv cov antigens. Dab tsi yog qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob attenuated? Nws tsim nyog saib rau qhov teeb meem no.
Problem description
Attenuated vaccine yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj sia uas tsim los ntawm cov kab mob tsis muaj zog uas tsis muaj kev phom sij. Ib zaug hauv tib neeg lub cev, cov kab mob microbes pib ntau, uas ua rau cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Hauv ntau tus neeg txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tus kab mob kis mus yam tsis muaj tsos mob thiab ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ruaj khov. Raws liPiv txwv suav nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rubella, tuberculosis, qhua pias, lossis polio.
Muaj Teeb Meem
Tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib qho uas tau npaj los ntawm cov kab mob apathogenic uas tsis muaj zog thiab poob lawv cov kab mob, nrog rau kev muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kab mob hauv tib neeg, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem sib ntxiv hauv lub cev.
Tus kab mob uas tshwm sim tom qab kev qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no tshwm sim rau qee lub sijhawm, tab sis tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim, tab sis nws txhawb kev tsim ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov kab mob microbes. Yog li, tus kab mob kis mus rau hauv daim ntawv me me, nws ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv.
Tab sis qee zaum, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ua rau muaj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim thaum ib tus neeg tau txo qis kev tiv thaiv kab mob lossis nrog cov kab mob seem ntawm tus kab mob.
Hnub no, tsib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau siv tshuaj, cov no yog:
- BCG - tiv thaiv tuberculosis.
- Oral polio - tawm tsam polio (OPV).
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rotavirus.
- Yellow Fever (YF).
- tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias.
Txhua yam no tuaj yeem tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim:
- BCG yog tus kab mob tuag taus (tsis tshua muaj heev) hauv cov neeg uas muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau cov pob txha puas los ntawm qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
- OPV - paralytic poliomyelitis (tsis tshua muaj heev).
- Measles - febrile convulsions (convulsions) tshwm sim heevTsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua tsib xyoos, nrog rau purpuric thrombocytopenia, kev tsis haum tshuaj rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, anaphylaxis, uas yog kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev.
- Rotavirus - tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais txog kev txhim kho cov kev phiv tshwm sim.
- YL - encephalitis, tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob cuam tshuam nrog viscerotropic pathology (tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim) feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus.
Kev nyab xeeb
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qis yog ib qho uas ua rau txhua yam ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, uas muab kev tiv thaiv mus ntev tiv thaiv kab mob. Txij li thaum nws muaj cov microbes nyob, muaj qee qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txhim kho pathologies. Tau kawg, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov kab mob microbes rov qab mus rau cov kab mob pathogenic thiab provoke kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob no me me, tab sis nyob rau hauv tsis tshua muaj neeg mob cov kev phiv hauv qab no yuav tshwm sim:
- VAPP lossis Vaccine Associated Paralytic Polio.
- Poliovirus.
- Local lymphadenitis, tshaj tawm BCG kab mob.
- Retrovirus.
Cov neeg muaj HIV tsis tuaj yeem teb tau zoo rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo hauv lawv yog qhov siab heev. Nws tsis pom zoo kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv cov poj niam thaum cev xeeb tub.
Attenuated vaccine yog ib qho uas muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuam kev. Qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, piv txwv li, tau nthuav tawm hauv cov hmoov qhuav. Lawv yuav tsum tau diluted nrog cov kuab tshuaj tshwj xeeb ua ntej kev tswj hwm. Hauv qhov no, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem ua yuam kev los ntawm kev siv cov diluent tsis raug lossistshuaj. Ntau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv xav tau cov kws kho mob kom xyuam xim tshwj xeeb rau cov kab mob khaub thuas kom tswj tau lawv lub zog.
Yog li, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim kab mob yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Lub peev xwm ntawm cov kab mob microbes rov qab mus rau cov kab mob pathogenic.
- Muaj peev xwm siv sijhawm rau cov neeg muaj HIV.
- Risk of infections.
- Cov txheej txheem yuam kev.
- Tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum cev xeeb tub.
Kev txwv kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qis qis yog ib qho uas tau txwv tsis pub muaj xws li:
- Lub sijhawm yug me nyuam.
- Kab mob kis tau yooj yim thiab tsis kis kab mob.
- Exacerbation of chronic pathologies.
- Immunodeficiency xeev.
- mob qog nqaij hlav hauv cov ntshav, qhov pom ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav malignant.
- Nyob rau hauv xov tooj cua.
- Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Nyob rau qhov ua xua loj heev.
- Kev txhim kho cov teeb meem los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj yav dhau los.
Zoo kawg
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tam sim no tseem yog ib qho kev ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tib neeg hauv kev kho tshuaj. Niaj hnub no, kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis yog ib txoj hauv kev muaj zog, nyab xeeb thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob ntawm ntau lub hauv paus. Hauv tshuaj, ntau yam tshuaj tiv thaiv, suav nrog cov neeg muaj sia nyob, uas tsim kev tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob, xws li qhua pias, polio, rubella, thiab lwm yam.
Hnub no, WHO kev kho mob pom zoo kom siv tsib yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov no yog BCG (tuberculosis), OPV (polio), YF (daj kub), rotavirus thiab tiv thaiv qhua pias. Nrog rau kev coj ua kom zoo thiab ua raws li tag nrho cov lus pom zoo kho mob, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo yog txo qis.
