Oncology, mob qog noj ntshav, qog - cov lus no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab, lawv ntshai ntau, feem ntau yog qhov tseeb. Tab sis nws tsis yog cov lus txhais lawv tus kheej thiab cov kev sib koom ua ke uas txuas nrog rau lawv uas txaus ntshai dua. Qhov kev puas tsuaj loj heev yog qhov txaus ntshai yog tias tus kab mob nyob rau theem siab, yog tias qhov kev kuaj mob tau lig dhau lawm, thiab metastases tau tsim sai. Hmoov tsis zoo, nyob rau hauv Russia muaj kev ntseeg tsuas yog qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, thaum, xws li hauv cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe, mob qog noj ntshav tsis yog qhov kev txiav txim siab lawm.
khoom siv dav dav
Kev suav ntshav tiav yog cov txheej txheem yooj yim tshaj plaws, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm qhov tseem ceeb thiab qhia tau. Lub qhov muag ntawm lub chaw kuaj mob muaj peev xwm tam sim ntawd paub txog lub xub ntiag ntawm pathology. Kev kuaj ntshav kom ntxaws yog cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua, tab sis dab tsi yog tus qauv coj mus rau hauv tus account? Cov duab tseem ceeb:
- qib hemoglobin;
- leukocyte formula;
- ntau cov qe ntshav liab thiab cov qe ntshav dawb;
- tus nqi them nqierythrocytes (ESR);
- platelet suav;
ntshav txhaws
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv qhia?
Kev hloov ntshav hauv cov ntshav tuaj yeem txawv ntawm cov qauv hauv lub cev ntawm tus neeg noj qab haus huv tiag tiag nrog tus mob khaub thuas. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog suav tias yog kiag li ib txwm muaj thiab txawm yuav tsum tau nce tus naj npawb ntawm leukocytes, uas thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no nquag tawm tsam cov kab mob los yog kab mob. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los pub ntshav, nws yog qhov zoo dua los tos kom rov ua tiav thiab kho lub cev kom tsim nyog rau cov ntaub ntawv txaus "ntshav duab". Txhua yam kev sib txawv hauv kev kuaj ntshav (xws li hauv oncology) yuav tsum tau ceeb toom nrog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog tsim nyog los tham txog cov chav kawm ntxiv ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas nrog tus kws kho mob nyob rau hauv ntau yam, vim hais tias twb nyob rau theem no cov ntsuas yuav qhia tau hais tias muaj cov qog nqaij hlav, kev loj hlob ntawm anemia los yog leukemia.
Raws li txoj cai, kev lees paub ntawm oncology hauv kev kuaj ntshav biochemical yog txuam nrog cov leukocytes ntau ntxiv, txo cov platelet thiab hemoglobin qib, nrog rau kev kuaj pom ntawm lympho- thiab myelo-blasts.
Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm tus kheej ntsuas.
RBCs: qhov txo qis hauv cov qe ntshav liab qhia li cas?
Cov no yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- mob plawv;
- txheej txheem sib txawv hauv lub ntsws;
- leukemia, lymphocytic leukemia;
- metastasis, as Secondary malignant formations.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog xav txog qhov ntawdKev txo qis hauv cov qe ntshav liab tuaj yeem tshwm sim nrog beriberi, kev ntxhov siab thiab kev tawm dag zog lub cev. Yog li ntawd, rau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas txaus ntawm cov ntsuas ntsuas, cov ntsiab lus saum toj no tau qhia kom tsis suav nrog ua ntej qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam tom ntej.
Erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi (ESR)
ESR yog txiav txim siab nyob ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lawv cov kev sib cais ntawm cov ntshav. Kev nce ntxiv qhia txog cov txheej txheem inflammatory thiab xws li pathologies, rau kev kho mob ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob zoo. Qhov no yuav qhia tau tias muaj kev cuam tshuam rov qab los ntawm lub cev los yog lom, los yog nws yuav yog ib qho duab zoo nkauj ntawm lub sijhawm postoperative. Yog tias lub cev tsis teb rau kev kho mob, cov kab mob loj hauv qab no tuaj yeem xav tias:
- tuberculosis, pneumonia;
- syphilis;
- endocarditis;
- malignant qog ntawm txawv localization.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account tias qhov siab ESR tsis yog qhov kev lees paub tseeb ntawm qhov muaj ntawm oncology. Ib kauj ruam tom ntej tseem ceeb yog kuaj ntshav rau cov cim qog. Tsawg ESR qhov tseem ceeb tshwm sim thaum yoo mov thiab noj zaub mov tsawg, nrog rau thaum noj hydrocortisone, prednisolone thiab lwm yam tshuaj corticosteroid.
Hemoglobin
Los ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv lub cev peb paub tias hemoglobin koom nrog kev thauj cov pa oxygen thiab carbon dioxide nyob rau hauv lub cev, nws kuj tswj pH tshuav nyiaj li cas hauv cov ntshav. Kev txo qis hauv hemoglobin tau sau tseg nrog kev poob ntshav loj, hauv txhua kis nwsyuav tsum ua kom ntshai thiab ntxhov siab. Cov ntsuas qis qis yog ib txwm muaj rau oncology, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau leukemia, mob qog noj ntshav, plab hnyuv thiab lub ntsws. Ib qib siab feem ntau yuav qhia txog kab mob ntsws thiab kab mob plawv. Cov duab zoo li no feem ntau raug rau cov kws tsav dav hlau thiab cov neeg nce toj, tab sis rau txhua tus neeg nws yog ib qho kev lees paub tsis tau.
Kev txo qis hauv platelets inevitably ua rau cov ntshav txhaws tsis zoo - qhov no yog ib qho ntawm qee hom kab mob leukemia thiab mob qog noj ntshav.
cov qe ntshav dawb tiv thaiv peb lub cev los ntawm cov kab mob thiab kev kis kab mob, ntxuav cov ntshav, ua rau lawv cov haujlwm ua haujlwm. Qhov tsos ntawm qhov kev hem thawj me ntsis ua rau lawv sib npaug thiab tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej nrog tag nrho lawv lub zog txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus kab mob. Qee zaum kev nce hauv cov poj niam tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub thiab yug me nyuam, nrog rau thaum cev xeeb tub, uas yog tus qauv. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, provocateurs ntawm kev loj hlob sai yog cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv ntawm ntau yam noob caj noob ces:
- mob, kis, kab mob lossis fungal, qhov no yog tonsillitis, pneumonia, peritonitis, abscesses, thiab lwm yam;
- mob ntshav qab zib, raug mob;
- mob qog noj ntshav.
Txo cov ntshav suav kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm qee hom mob qog noj ntshav, tshwj xeeb yog leukemia, nrog rau kev kis kab mob thiab mob khaub thuas. Yog li ntawd, txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hauv kev kuaj ntshav hauv oncology yuav tsum tau txhais los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, nrog rau kev kho mob uas muaj peev xwm yuav tsum tau sau tseg, vim tias txhua qhov sib txawv thiab txhua yam yog tib neeg nkaus xwb.
Muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb rau kev poob qis:
- kis kab mob: kab mob siab kab mob, typhoid fever, AIDS, mob khaub thuas;
- kab mob khaub thuas thiab nws cov teeb meem;
- kab mob pob txha, thiab lwm yam;
- qee yam mob qog noj ntshav.
Tumor markers
Ib lo lus tshiab hauv kev kuaj mob hauv chaw kuaj mob tau ntev thiab ruaj khov nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov cim qog. Cov cim qog nqaij hlav yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim los ntawm tib neeg lub cev los ntawm cov hlwb ntawm qee yam kab mob malignant.
Kev kuaj ntshav rau oncology qhia dab tsi? Nrog rau qib siab dua ntawm qhov tshwm sim, nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas hom thiab txiav txim qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov qog: cov ntsuas yuav tawm mus rau qhov muaj mob qog noj ntshav.
Txoj kev tshawb no tseem muab rau:
- kev lees paub lossis tsis lees paub qhov muaj qog;
- kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov qog hauv zos, theem ntawm kev loj hlob, loj;
- txhawm rau kuaj pom metastasis;
- tswj thiab saib xyuas cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kho mob;
- kev sib txawv ntawm cov qog.
Saib seb thaum ntxov ntawm mob qog noj ntshav
Hmoov tsis zoo, cov txheeb cais ntawm cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav hauv tebchaws Russia yog qhov uas feem coob nrhiav kev pab lig: nyob rau theem thaum kho tsis zoo lossis ua tsis tau. Tsis txhob hnov qab txawm tias cov kab mob me tshaj plaws, tsis zoo li kev siv zog ntau dhau. Tom qab tag nrho, nws pom tseeb tias nrog kev kuaj mob ntxov, kev kho tus kab mob thiab kev ua tiav ntawm kev tshem tawm yog siab heev.
Yuav kuaj ntshav dab tsi rau oncology, tus kws kho mob oncologist yuav qhia rau koj.
Feem ntau cov qog nyob rau theem pib yuav tsis tshwm sim rau lawv tus kheej, tab sisib tug neeg tuaj yeem hnov qab noj qab nyob zoo, thiab tsuas yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj ntshav tuaj yeem ceeb toom rau tus kws tshaj lij. Oncologists hu qhov no "precancerous theem." Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau soj ntsuam cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov ntsuas hauv cov ntshav kuaj rau oncology. Qhov kev kuaj mob sai dua, qhov kev pheej hmoo rov qab ntau dua.
Thaum koj xav pub ntshav rau oncology
Txhua yam teeb meem hauv lub cev tau tshwm sim hauv kev kuaj ntshav. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov pib lossis kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological ntawm qhov tsis zoo, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav dav dav rau oncology, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog:
- hauv cov txheej txheem inflammatory: protracted, ntev thiab kho tsis tau;
- tsis muaj lub cev teb rau kev kho tshuaj;
- nrog qhov txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv;
- nrog rau lub cev kub tsis tu ncua;
- rau qhov poob phaus tsis tau piav qhia;
- nrog kev txhim kho ntawm malaise, qaug zog thiab impotence, asthenia thiab kev nyuaj siab;
- rau kev tiv thaiv tsawg kawg ib xyoos ib zaug.
Npaj rau kev kuaj ntshav
Muaj ntau ntau txoj cai lees paub thiab cov lus pom zoo uas yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej pub ntshav txhawm rau zam kev ua yuam kev thiab cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tshwm sim:
- pub ntshav nruj me ntsis ntawm lub plab khoob (tsawg kawg 8 teev ua ntej pib kawm);
- koj yuav tsum zam kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub hlwb thiab lub cev, ua rau koj lub siab xav rov qab los zoo li qub (qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum pub ntshav rau cov tshuaj hormones, cortisol tshwj xeeb);
- ob peb hnub ua ntejpub ntshav, sim cais cov zaub mov muaj roj thiab cawv los ntawm kev noj haus;
- tsis txhob noj tshuaj rau hnub kuaj, lossis ua raws li koj tus kws kho mob cov lus qhia.
Hnub ntawm kev kuaj xyuas, tso dej tsis muaj carbonated.
Kev kuaj ntshav puas kuaj pom mob qog noj ntshav?
Nws tsis tuaj yeem muab cov lus teb meej rau lo lus nug no. Kev kuaj ntshav qhia tias muaj qhov txawv txav. Cov kev hloov pauv qhia tias lub cev tsis yog txhua yam, thiab nws yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom ntxaws ntxiv. Thiab yog tias cov ntsuas tsis raug cuam tshuam vim muaj mob tsis ntev los no, haus cawv haus ib hnub ua ntej lossis haus luam yeeb, txawm tias qhov no txhua yam yog tus kheej nkaus xwb, thiab nws yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees rau txhob txwm kuaj xyuas koj tus kheej nrog mob qog noj ntshav. Kev txhais cov ntshav kuaj rau oncology yuav tsum tau tso siab rau koj tus kws kho mob oncologist, uas tau paub nws tus kheej nrog koj cov keeb kwm kho mob. Tam sim ntawd, nws tuaj yeem sau cov cim tshwj xeeb rau mob qog noj ntshav, uas yuav paub tseeb lossis tsis lees paub txhua qhov kev xav tsis thoob.
Yuav ua li cas ntxiv
Thaum kuaj pom cov neeg mob hauv cov ntshav txhawm rau txiav txim siab txog kev kho mob ntxiv, tus kws kho mob sau cov kev kuaj mob ntxiv: cov no tuaj yeem yog ultrasound, suav thiab sib nqus resonance imaging, biopsy. Nws tseem yuav tsum nco ntsoov thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account tias cov ntshav suav ntawm tib tus neeg txawv, nyob ntawm lub sijhawm. Dynamics thiab kev tswj hwm yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no, thiab kev kuaj ntshav dav dav rau oncology yuav dhau los ua qhov tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws, nquag thiab yuav tsum tau ua, yam tsis muaj kev kho mob uas ua tsis tau.
Vim yog qhov tseebib qho qog nqaij hlav tshwj xeeb, nyob ntawm thaj tsam cuam tshuam, tso tawm nws cov antigens tshwj xeeb, qhov nce ntawm cov antigens no tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab sai npaum li cas cov txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm oncopathology yog thiab muab qhov ua tau rau tus neeg mob. Kev tshawb nrhiav pom cov qog nqaij hlav hauv qhov pom tseeb ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus neeg mob thiab qhov tsis muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rov zoo, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav tsis txaus, lav kev kho tiav.
Cov cim kab mob tshwj xeeb thiab qog nqaij hlav. Uterine thiab zes qe menyuam cancer
CA 125 yog tus cim qog nqaij hlav uas txiav txim siab hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub tsev menyuam lossis zes qe menyuam. Qib ntawm cov oncogene no tau nce ntau hauv cov poj niam uas mob qog noj ntshav. Kev piav qhia ntawm qhov kev kuaj mob yog ua nrog kev pab ntawm ultrasound thiab kuaj qhov chaw mos, nrog rau kev kuaj mob biopsy.
mob qog noj ntshav
CA 72-4, CA 19-9 - kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov qog qog no qhia txog cov txheej txheem tsis zoo nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv. Kev kuaj pom tseeb yog ua tom qab CT, MRI, biopsy, FGDS, colonoscopy.
mob qog noj ntshav mis
CA 15-3 - tus kab mob qog no kuaj pom hauv cov poj niam uas mob qog noj ntshav.
Prostate Cancer
PSA - ntau dhau ntawm cov enzyme saum toj no, piv txwv li 30 units hauv kev kuaj ntshav tuaj yeem qhia txog oncology. Hauv qhov no, nws raug nquahu kom ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntshav. Cov ntsuas hauv qab no kuj xav tau kev kuaj mob ntxiv. Cov qauv ntawm kev kuaj ntshav rau mob qog noj ntshav prostate yog txawv nyob ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus txiv neej. Qhov no tseem ceeb heevcoj tus account. Kev kuaj ntshav rau oncology hauv tus neeg mob hnub nyoog 40-49 xyoo yuav tsum nyob rau hauv 2.5 ng / ml, txhua qhov sib txawv yog qhov ua rau muaj kev txhawj xeeb.
mob ntsws cancer
Tumor markers CEA, NSE thiab CYFRA 21-1 tuaj yeem qhia pom tias muaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv lub ntsws.
mob qog noj ntshav: cov tsos mob, kuaj ntshav
Nyob rau theem pib, mob qog noj ntshav ua rau pom nws tus kheej raws li xeev siab thiab ntuav, tsis xis nyob hauv txoj cai hypochondrium, tsis qab los noj mov thiab poob phaus, cem quav thiab raws plab, tsis muaj zog thiab tsis xis nyob, hyperthermia thiab chills. Maj mam, jaundice, los ntshav thiab anemia tshwm sim, kua dej accumulates nyob rau hauv lub plab kab noj hniav, cov tsos mob ntawm intoxication ntawm lub cev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag.
Kev kuaj pom hauv cov ntshav ntawm CEA - cov qog nqaij hlav cancer-embryonic antigen, yuav qhia tau tias muaj cov qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv lub siab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov nce ntawm qhov ntsuas no kuj tau pom ntawm cov neeg haus luam yeeb thiab txoj kev uas tsim txom cawv. Yog li, MRI yog qhov tsim nyog los qhia meej qhov kev kuaj mob.
Kev nce hauv AFP - embryonic glycoprotein kuj qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm daim siab pathology. Cov cim qog nqaij hlav tshiab tau tsim los ua kom yooj yim dua thiab nrawm dua los kuaj mob qog noj ntshav.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau mloog koj lub cev, ua tib zoo mloog, tab sis tsis muaj kev npau taws, saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab teb rau ib qho ntawm nws qhov ua tsis tiav thiab ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, kev ntsuam xyuas kev tiv thaiv txhua xyoo yuav tsum ua kom zoo thiab dhau los ua tus qauv. Thiab kev kuaj ntshav dav dav kom pomoncology yog qhov nkag tau yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab, tib lub sijhawm, cov ntaub ntawv hom kev tshawb fawb. Tsuas yog los ntawm kev saib cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov ntshav, tus kws paub txog kev paub txog tuaj yeem qhia tau tam sim ntawd yog tias muaj kev sib txawv thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, thiab seb puas yuav tsum tau kuaj ntxiv yog tias lub cev tsis zoo.
