Ntau xyoo dhau los, noob neej tau tswj kom ua tau ntau yam kev tshawb fawb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Ntau yam tshuaj tau tshawb pom, tshuaj tiv thaiv tau tsim, ntau yam kab mob loj tau kho. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem tsis muaj txoj hauv kev zoo los kho mob qog noj ntshav. Lub caij no, oncology thov ntau lab lub neej ntawm cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus txhua xyoo.
mob plab hnyuv yog ib yam kab mob malignant uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev loj hlob sai thiab tsis pom kev zoo heev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsawg txoj kev ciaj sia nrog lig nrhiav pom pathology. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub txog cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, ua raws sij hawm soj ntsuam kuaj, thiab, yog hais tias tsim nyog, mus kho mob.
kuaj ntshav yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev kuaj mob. Kev kuaj ntshav puas yuav qhia txog kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab? Cia peb xav txog nws. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias nws yog tus kab mob dab tsi, dab tsi yog qhov ua rau thiab cov tsos mob ntawm nws cov tsos mob, qhov ntsuas ntshav hloov pauv hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav li cas.plab.
Kev mob nkeeg
mob plab hnyuv yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov hnyuv me lossis cov hnyuv loj.
Hauv yuav luag 90% ntawm cov neeg mob, nws yog los ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, hu ua adenocarcinoma. Cov qog no ua rau muaj kev loj hlob sai thiab mob malignancy (kev sib kis ntawm metastases). Cov kab mob phem thib ob kis mus rau daim siab, pob txha, ntsws, thiab rau lub hlwb.
mob plab hnyuv yog ib yam kab mob uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm lwm cov kab mob oncology. Nws nyob qib thib ob ntawm cov neeg mob ntawm cov poj niam, thib ob tsuas yog mob qog noj ntshav mis. Kev mob qog noj ntshav kuj tseem muaj nyob hauv cov txiv neej, qeb thib peb tom qab mob ntsws thiab mob qog nqaij hlav prostate.
Cov neeg mob tseem ceeb - cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 45 xyoos. Qhov piv ntawm txiv neej thiab poj niam yog tib yam.
Kev txhim kho kab mob
lawv yog dab tsi?
- Muaj ntau yam kab mob oncological, kev loj hlob ntawm cov zaub mov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Colon cancer tsis yog ib qho ntawm lawv. Raws li kev txheeb cais, cov neeg uas niaj hnub noj cov nqaij liab yog 1.5 npaug ntau dua yuav mob ntau dua li cov neeg tsis noj nqaij.
- Cawv cawv. Ethyl cawv yog ib feem absorbed nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv loj, yog li ua rau cov qog hlwb ntawm nws cov mucosa. Yog li ntawd, adenocarcinoma yog ntau dua ntawm cov neeg haus dej haus.
- Hereditary predisposition. Cov neeg uas tom qab ntawm cov txheeb ze mobmob qog noj ntshav hauv plab muaj kev pheej hmoo. Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias ib tus niam txiv lossis cov kwv tij, cov muam tau mob qog noj ntshav thaum muaj hnub nyoog 45, yau thiab laus dua. Cov neeg zoo li no yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov hnyuv tsis tu ncua rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kuaj mob ntxov ntawm cov qog lossis cov kab mob precancerous. Muaj ob hom kev predisposition.
- YHereditary adenomatosis - polyposis. Nrog rau daim ntawv no, ib tug neeg muaj ntau benign polyps uas tuaj yeem degenerate mus rau mob qog noj ntshav.
- Hereditary non-polyposis txoj hnyuv loj. Cov neeg nqa khoom ntawm daim ntawv no yog qhov ua rau qhov tseeb tias cov txheej txheem malignant tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau ntau qhov chaw hauv cov hnyuv tib lub sijhawm.
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob plab hnyuv ntxov ntxov
Txhua yam kab mob oncological yuav luag asymptomatic rau lub sijhawm ntev. Colon cancer tsis muaj kev zam. Hauv thawj theem, thaum lub qog tseem me me, tus neeg mob yuav ntsib:
- Nyob zoo ib tsoom phooj ywg;
- faus;
- hloov cem quav thiab raws plab;
- xav hnyav thiab tsam plab hauv plab;
- nce hauv qhov kub thiab txias rau subfebrile qhov tseem ceeb yam tsis muaj cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob khaub thuas;
- pom ntshav hauv quav;
- poob qab los.
Nov yog qhov uas thawj cov tsos mob ntawm plab hnyuv siab raum. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev xyaum muaj qee qhov thaum tus neeg mob hnov zoo, mus txog theem 3 lossis 4.
Huab cua
feem pua ntawm kev ciaj sia ncaj qha nyob ntawm theem ntawm oncology. Yog tias mob qog noj ntshav tau kuaj pom thawj zaug,qhov kev cia siab yog qhov zoo. 95% ntawm cov neeg mob tswj kom kov yeej tus kab mob thiab ua kom lub neej tag nrho.
Thaum theem thib ob, thaum cov qog tau "kho hauv paus" thiab loj tuaj, txhua tus neeg thib plaub tuag (qhov ciaj sia taus yog 75%). Daim duab no tseem zoo, vim neeg feem coob muaj txoj hauv kev zoo.
Nyob rau theem thib peb, qhov tsim tau muab cov metastases rau cov kabmob uas nyob sib ze, uas ua rau cov neeg mob hnyav zuj zus ntxiv. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev nyob yam tsawg kawg tsib xyoos tsis tshaj 20%. Qhov tseeb yog qhov thib ob malignant foci kuj nce thiab kis tau. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev los nres qhov txheej txheem no.
Yog cov qog tau metastasized rau cov kabmob uas nyob sib ze, qhov kev cia siab yuav ua rau tsis zoo - tsuas yog 6% ntawm cov neeg mob muaj sia nyob.
Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom paub txog kev txhim kho ntawm oncology raws sijhawm. Yuav pib nrog, tus neeg yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas cov ntsuas ntsuas ntshav. Hauv kev mob plab hnyuv, lawv tau hloov pauv.
CBC
Kev ua raws li kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj no yog txheej txheem txheej txheem los tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob rau txhua yam kab mob. Tseeb tiag, raws li ntau qhov ntsuas, cov kws kho mob tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog lub xeev ntawm tus neeg mob txoj kev noj qab haus huv, thiab yog tias pom muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv, lawv tuaj yeem xav tias muaj kab mob tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws feem ntau tshwm sim tias cov ntshav suav tag nrho yog qhov qub, tab sis ib tus neeg txawm li cas los xij muaj cov txheej txheem malignant. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv thawj theem, tsis muaj kev hloov hauv cov ntshav. Nws tshwm sim tias qib ntawm hemoglobin qis me ntsis, tab sis tsis tas li.
Qee qhov ntsuas ntshav rau mob qog noj ntshav siab dua li qub. Piv txwv li, tus naj npawb ntawm leukocytes tuaj yeem nce ntxiv, tab sis qhov cim qhia no qhia txog ntau yam ntawm ntau yam pathologies (piv txwv li, nrog kev mob, leukocytes nce).
Ntxiv rau, qib ntawm ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi) tuaj yeem nce ntxiv. Tab sis qhov no, tus kws kho mob yuav qhia txog kev txhim kho tus kab mob los yog kab mob, tsis yog mob qog noj ntshav.
Kev kuaj ntshav puas qhia tias mob plab hnyuv? Tsis yog, vim nws tsuas yog tsis yooj yim sua kom xav tias cov kab mob no raws li kev sim kuaj ib leeg.
ntshav chemistry
Ntxiv rau qhov dav dav, tus neeg mob kuj tau txais kev kuaj ntshav biochemical. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, raws li nrog rau kev kuaj ntshav, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov ua sawv ntawm mob khees xaws plab, ntau yam qhia tau hais tias yuav zoo li qub.
Tej zaum yuav muaj urea nce ntxiv. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub plab hnyuv lumen raug thaiv thiab plab hnyuv txhaws tshwm sim.
kuaj ntshav qhia dab tsi rau mob qog noj ntshav? Feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj tus kab mob no, theem ntawm CRP, ib tug protein uas qhia tau hais tias lub chav kawm ntawm ib tug inflammatory txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub cev, yog ho nce. Kev nce qib ntawm cov tshuaj no feem ntau tshwm sim txawm tias ua ntej thawj cov tsos mob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, nrog kev pab ntawm cov protein no, nws tuaj yeem kuaj pom tus kab mob thaum ntxov.
Ua tauQhov kev txiav txim siab yog tias kev kuaj ntshav dav dav thiab biochemical rau kev mob qog noj ntshav nyob deb ntawm ib txwm muaj cov ntaub ntawv txaus, lawv feem ntau tsis tso cai rau kos cov lus xaus. Hmoov zoo, hauv kev kuaj mob kho mob muaj kev tshuaj xyuas rau cov cim. Cov kev ntsuas no ntawm kev kuaj ntshav rau mob qog noj ntshav hauv plab yog qhov siab dua li qhov ntsuas.
Tumor marker analysis
Qhov no yog ib qho kev kuaj mob tshwj xeeb uas tus neeg mob cov ntshav tau kuaj xyuas cov qib ntawm qee cov proteins uas tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem malignant hauv qee lub cev tib neeg.
Yog li, yog tias tus neeg mob xav tias yuav mob qog noj ntshav hauv plab, nws raug tshuaj xyuas rau cov cim oncological xws li CEA thiab CA 19-9. Lawv yuav tau tham ntau yam hauv qab no.
CEA blood test
Cancer-embryonic antigen - ib qho protein ntau, qib uas nce ntxiv thaum tus neeg mob tsim cov kab mob xws li: mob qog noj ntshav, ncauj tsev menyuam (hauv poj niam), mis, ntsws, siab thiab zais zis. Qib ntawm antigen nce siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm oncology. Tus lej ntawm cov cim no hauv cov ntshav yuav nce me ntsis nrog kev tsim txom nicotine.
Yog li, CEA cov cai rau cov neeg tsis haus luam yeeb tsis ntau tshaj 2.5 ng / ml. Rau cov neeg haus luam yeeb - tsis ntau tshaj 5 ng / ml. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias nrog kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem phem, cov nuj nqis no tuaj yeem nce kaum npaug.
blood test for CA 19-9
CA 19-9 antigen - ib qho cim qhia tias mob qog noj ntshav ntawm txoj hnyuv, plab, pancreas. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws qib tuaj yeem nce ntxiv nrog kev tsim kho zoo hauv cov kabmob no.
Ncontau yam ntawm qhov tseem ceeb - los ntawm 0 txog 35 U / ml.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias cov nuj nqis no yuav txawv ntawm cov uas tau nthuav tawm, nyob ntawm qhov chaw kuaj mob uas qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no tau ua.
Kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv
Yuav ua raws li txheej txheem txheej txheem thiab pib nrog kev xam phaj kho mob thiab tshuaj xyuas tus neeg mob, sau keeb kwm ntawm tsev neeg.
Yog tias tus neeg mob muaj thawj cov txheeb ze nrog oncological pathologies, ces nws muaj kev pheej hmoo. Kev tshuaj xyuas tus neeg no yuav tsum tau ua nrog kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb.
Tom qab nws raug xa mus kuaj ntshav. Lawv tau tham saum toj no.
Ntxiv rau, txoj kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv plab xws li x-rays, suav tomography thiab cov duab sib nqus resonance, ultrasound, colonoscopy, thiab biopsy tuaj yeem siv.
Txoj kev kawg raug muab yog tias kuaj pom neoplasm thaum lwm tus. Txhawm rau txhim kho nws qhov xwm txheej thiab qib ntawm malignancy, cov kws kho mob coj tus qauv ntawm cov qog thiab xa mus rau kev tshuaj ntsuam histological.
Zoo kawg
mob qog noj ntshav yog ib yam kab mob txaus ntshai uas feem ntau ua rau tuag taus. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm tus neeg mob mus nrhiav kev pab kho mob lig dhau lawm thiab kev kuaj mob tsis tu ncua ntawm txoj hnyuv.
Yuav kom zam tau qhov no, txhua tus yuav tsum paub txog yam kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav lossisyog nws xav tias. Nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv no, koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv koj tus kheej thiab cov neeg koj hlub los ntawm kev txhim kho tus kab mob lossis los ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob.
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob cia siab rau qhov tseeb tias thaum oncology tshwm sim hauv lub cev, nws yuav pom sai sai rau tus neeg. Cov tsos mob nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav hauv plab yog xyaum tsis tuaj. Feem ntau, lawv mob me ntsis kom tus neeg mob noj qab nyob zoo.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev kuaj ntshav rau mob qog noj ntshav yuav tsis muab cov lus teb tseeb txog qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj kab mob, tab sis tuaj yeem pab txiav txim siab txog kev kuaj mob ntxiv. Piv txwv li, yog tias qib ntawm cov cim oncological yog siab dua tus qauv, qhov no yuav ua lub cim rau kev txiav txim rau kev kuaj ntxiv. Yog tias koj ua raws sijhawm, koj tuaj yeem cawm koj txoj sia.
