Txawm hais tias muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm pathology - nws cuam tshuam rau 2/3 ntawm cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 40 xyoo (cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm American Dental Association) - tsawg tus neeg paub yuav ua li cas yog tias cov pos hniav txav deb ntawm cov hniav, xav txog nws. ua ib yam dab tsi tsis tseem ceeb, dhau ntawm nws tus kheej koj tus kheej. Thiab cov hniav poob nrog atrophy ntawm lub puab tsaig, uas tom qab xaus, yog suav hais tias yog ib qho kev tshwm sim muaj hnub nyoog uas tsis muaj hnub nyoog. Yuav ua li cas ib tug zoo nkauj snow-dawb luag yuav khaws cia mus txog rau thaum laus los ntawm kev txwv cov txheej txheem pathological, nyeem ntxiv nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm.
saib dav dav
cov pos hniav tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib txheej ntawm daim tawv nqaij hla cov pob txha ntawm cov hniav ntawm lub puab tsaig sab sauv thiab sab qis. Qhov xwm txheej thaum cov pos hniav tau txav mus deb ntawm cov hniav yog hu ua gum recession hauv kev kho hniav. K06.0 yog txoj cai rau tus kab mob no nyob rau hauv International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10).
Kev txom nyem tuaj yeem nyob hauv cheeb tsam thaum 1-2 cov hniav raug cuam tshuam, lossis nws tuaj yeem ua rau daim ntawv dav dav, kis mus rau tag nrho lub puab tsaig lossis ib txhij rau ob qho tib si. Qhov tsuas yog ua rau tus kab mob nodemineralization ntawm cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov hniav. Qhov no txo qhov ntim thiab ntom ntawm cov pob txha. Qhov chaw saum npoo ntawm cov pos hniav so kuj txo. Ntawm ib theem, nws pib txav deb ntawm cov hniav, tsim ib hom hnab ris thiab qhov khoob ntawm cov hniav.
Symptoms
Thawj cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no tshwm sim thaum tus kab mob nce mus txog qib txaus ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob. Kev tshwm sim ib ntus, tsis tshua pom qhov mob thiab los ntshav thaum txhuam koj cov hniav rau lub sijhawm ntev (ntau xyoo), raug hloov los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ruaj khov uas tau txais lub zog:
- pocketing nruab nrab ntawm cov pos hniav thiab hniav;
- gingiva nqis los ua mobile;
- liab thiab mob hauv cov pos hniav, ua rau mob hnyav los ntawm kev ua haujlwm rau lawv (noj noj, txhuam hniav);
- vim qhov txo qis ntawm cov pos hniav, cov hniav tshwm ntev dua, qhov khoob ntawm lawv ntawm cov hauv paus raug nthuav tawm;
- ua pa tsis zoo;
- Hniav rhiab rau cov khoom noj tshuaj (ntsev), qhov kub thiab txias (qhov mob tshwm sim rau qhov txias lossis kub);
- Kev txav ntawm cov hniav, loosening raws li lawv poob.
Tshwj xeeb yog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog. Feem ntau, thaum cov pos hniav tau txav mus deb ntawm cov hniav, kho cov kab mob hauv qab (osteoporosis) pab kom tsis txhob muaj kev lag luam.
Yog vim li cas
Gum recession tsis yog kab mob ywj pheej, tab sis ua rau muaj teeb meem ntawm lwm yam kab mob. Muaj tsib lub laj thawj tseem ceeb uas cov pos hniav tau txav deb ntawm cov hniav vim yogdemineralization ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg:
- Periodontitis yog ib yam kab mob ntawm cov pos hniav uas kis tau zoo.
- Bruxism yog sib tsoo thiab nkhaus hniav.
- Osteoporosis yog ib qho kev demineralization ntawm tib neeg lub cev pob txha.
- Maxillofacial raug mob.
- Genetic predisposition.
Muaj lwm yam laj thawj uas tseem tsis tau piav qhia. Lawv lub xub ntiag yog qhia los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm gingival recession nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov saum toj no tsib ua.
Stages
Kev faib cov kab mob raws li qhov hnyav tau thov los ntawm ntau tus kws tshaj lij txawv teb chaws hauv kev kho hniav thiab phais maxillofacial (Mlinek, Sullivan, Smith, Mahajan, thiab lwm yam). Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, nws yog ib txwm ua raws li Miller kev faib tawm, uas faib cov kab mob mus rau plaub chav kawm ntawm qhov hnyav:
- Class I. Cov pos hniav tau mob thiab txav me ntsis ntawm cov hniav. Tus neeg mob ib ntus muaj kev ntxhov siab thaum noj mov, uas "clings" rau cov pos hniav. Lub mucous daim nyias nyias yog lawm.
- Class II. Detachment ntawm cov pos hniav mus txog 5 hli, tab sis cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov hniav tseem tsis tau nthuav tawm. Cov mucous membranes yog mechanically puas thiab o. Tus neeg mob ntsib qhov mob ntawm txhua pluas noj. Visually, pathology yog qhov tsis pom kev zoo, nws dhau los ua pom rau lwm tus, ua rau tus neeg mob ntsib kev puas siab puas ntsws.
- Class III. Pathology nthuav tawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov hniav, tab sis tsis ntau tshaj 50%. Tus neeg mob ntsib qhov mob tas li, txawm tias tsis noj mov. Lub degradation ntawm pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg ua pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug poob ntawm nws ntim: khoob nyob rau hauvlub hauv paus ntawm cov hniav.
- Class IV. Cov pos hniav txav deb ntawm cov hniav thiab cov hauv paus hniav raug nthuav tawm ntau tshaj 50%. Cov hniav pib xoob thiab tsis raug kho lawm.
Vim qhov mob thiab qhov tsis pom kev ntawm cov hniav, tsis tshua muaj cov neeg mob coj lub xeev tus kab mob mus rau chav kawm III thiab IV. Feem ntau thiab feem ntau twb nyob rau theem ob, lawv mus ntsib kws kho mob.
Diagnosis
Kev kuaj mob kom raug yog tus yuam sij rau kev ua tiav ntawm kev kho mob yav tom ntej. Rau qhov no, siv ob txoj kev kuaj mob: sib txawv thiab ntsuas.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev sib txawv yog tshem tawm ntau qhov laj thawj vim li cas cov pos hniav txav deb ntawm cov hniav thiab tawm tsuas yog cov lus teb tiag. Tom qab kuaj xyuas lub qhov ncauj kab noj hniav, tus kws kho mob, tau pom qhov pom ntawm cov pos hniav, xam phaj tus neeg mob, thaum nws sim txheeb xyuas qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam:
- genetic predisposition;
- muaj lwm yam kab mob;
- haus luam yeeb thiab nws qhov kev siv, zaus;
- xeev ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Txoj kev ntsuas muaj nyob rau hauv kev siv cov kev kuaj mob xws li radiography, xam tomography. Cov no yog cov kev siv ntau tshaj plaws nrog kev kuaj pom tseeb hauv kev txiav txim siab txog qib demineralization ntawm cov pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg thiab qib ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv lawv.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, kev kho mob tsim nyog tau sau tseg, nrog rau cov lus pom zoo dav dav tau muab rau kev tawm tsamkab mob.
Kev kho mob
Cov etiology ntawm cov pos hniav recession (qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas cov pos hniav txav deb ntawm cov hniav) tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab nrog qhov tseeb, yog li ntawd, kev kho mob ntawm cov pos hniav tsis tas yuav ua rau qhov xav tau. Qib plaub ntawm cov kab mob no ib txwm yog lub hauv paus rau kev tshem tawm cov hniav. Qhov thib peb theem sai lossis tom qab ua rau qhov no. Qhov thib ob theem yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov tseeb tias feem ntau cov hniav tuaj yeem cawm tau. Thaum thawj theem, kev kho mob raws sij hawm nres cov kab mob tag nrho thiab coj tus mob ntawm cov hniav rov qab mus rau qhov qub.
Kev tshawb pom ntxov ntawm kev poob qis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev cuam tshuam kev kho mob raws sij hawm thiab kev kho kom tiav. Yog hais tias tus hniav tseem tsis tau xoob, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov txheej txheem hauv qab no ntawm kev phais kho qhov tsis xws luag:
- tshem tawm cov kab mob microbial hauv qab cov pos hniav los ntawm kev kho hniav tu hniav (thaum muaj kab mob sib kis);
- qhib curettage;
- hloov daim tawv nqaij kom npog cov cag raug;
- Gum augmentation using alloplasts.
txheej txheem phais yog tsim los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb raws li cov ntaub ntawv kuaj mob thiab nyob ntawm qhov kev nce qib ntawm tus kab mob.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov pos hniav, yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
- tshem tawm cov pos hniav ua kom puas ntsoog: txhuam hniav tawv, zaub mov tawv heev;
- kev huv qhov ncauj;
- calcium txaus yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov;
- tawmhaus luam yeeb;
- mus dhau kev kuaj mob txhua rau lub hlis;
- yog tias cov pos hniav tau txav deb ntawm cov hniav, kev kho mob yuav tsum pib tam sim ntawd raws li cov lus qhia thiab cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb;
- mus kuaj osteoporosis.
kev ntsuas tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg muaj lossis muaj ntshav cov txheeb ze uas muaj kab mob zoo sib xws hauv tsev neeg.
Txoj kev ua neeg zoo
Tau ntau pua xyoo, tib neeg tau pom cov khoom kho mob ntawm qee yam nroj tsuag, zaub mov, kev ua koob tsheej. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tshuaj, ib txhia ntawm lawv tau raug pov thawj, ib txhia tau refuted. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev siv lawv thaum cov pos hniav tau txav deb ntawm cov hniav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev kho pej xeem tsis cuam tshuam cov canons ntawm cov tshuaj:
- yog tias cov pos hniav tau txav mus deb ntawm cov hniav, nws yog qhov zoo rau zom plantain;
- yaug lub qhov ncauj nrog decoctions ntawm ntoo qhib tawv, calendula St. John's wort;
- rubbing fir, hiav txwv buckthorn roj rau hauv cov pos hniav;
- gymnastics ntxiv dag zog rau cov hniav thiab cov pos hniav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm zom nyias ntoo thuv los yog ntoo qhib twigs;
- noj cov khoom noj siv mis thiab nplua nuj vitamin C (sauerkraut, txiv apples, parsley).
Teb cov lus nug seb yuav ua li cas yog tias cov pos hniav txav deb ntawm cov hniav, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov nws yuav tsum tau hais tias yuav tsum tau xaiv los ntawm lub chaw kho hniav. Cov kev kho neeg pej xeem tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho cov pos hniav los ntawm tus kws kho mob, tab sis yuav yog ib qho kev pab zoo hauv cov txheej txheem. Kev kho mob tsim nyog, kev kho mob sib koom ua ke.
