Muaj ntau hom benign neoplasms. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej lub hauv paus chiv keeb thiab yog tsim los ntawm ib yam ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, thiab kuj muaj nws tus kheej qhov chaw ntawm localization. Txhua tus neeg yuav muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog neoplasms ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis yooj yim thiab zoo nkauj tsis zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj hais txog kev mob qog noj ntshav thiab nws degeneration mus rau mob qog noj ntshav.
Keratomas belongs rau xws li neoplasms. Tsis yog txhua tus paub tias keratoma yog dab tsi thiab yuav kho li cas. Cov neeg coob coob uas lawv pom tau poob rau cov pej xeem uas muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 50 xyoo. Thiab ob qho tib si poj niam txiv neej raug cuam tshuam. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Yog li, raws li kev tshawb fawb, nws tau pom tias hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 20 xyoo, keratomas muaj nyob hauv 11% ntawm cov neeg mob.
Ntawm cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 30 xyoo, cov kws tshaj lij pom 25% ntawm cov tswv tsim. Hauv Australia kub tom qab 40 xyoo ntawm keratomatshwm sim hauv kwv yees li 45% ntawm cov neeg, thiab hauv tebchaws Askiv los nag, tsuas yog 15% ntawm cov neeg mob poob rau tib lub hnub nyoog. Yog li, ntau hom keratomas zoo li cas, cov duab thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov qog - tag nrho cov no tau piav qhia hauv qab no.
Raws li cov yam ntxwv sib txawv thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm keeb kwm ntawm cov qog, cov kws tshaj lij siv cov ntsiab lus sib txawv los txhais hom qog. Ib lo lus zoo li no yog "keratoma". Lub sij hawm yog siv los ua ib lo lus dav dav rau ntau hom benign ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Keratoma yog ib qho kev piav qhia luv luv ntawm epithelial neoplasm, qhia qhov chaw ntawm cov qog.
lo lus no yog ua los ntawm ob ntu. Thawj ntu yog lo lus Greek "keratos", txhais tau tias cov hlwb ntawm keratinizing epithelium. Qhov thib ob ntawm lo lus "keratoma" yog lub ntsiab lus "oma", uas qhia lo lus "mob". Feem ntau, lo lus no tsis tuaj yeem hu ua qhov tseeb, vim tias nws tsis cuam tshuam qhov tshwj xeeb thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm txhua hom qog nqaij hlav. Yog li ntawd, lub tswv yim ntawm "keratoma" yog sib npaug rau cov kab mob "myoma", "lipoma", vim lawv txhua tus muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm keeb kwm - lawv yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial, uas yog, los ntawm tib lub hlwb, yog li ntawd lawv muaj ib tug ntau yam ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb. Lub npe nrov - "keratoma". Daim duab ntawm qhov kev kawm no tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no.
Lub epithelium "ua haujlwm" li cas?
Epithelium yog ntau txheej keratinizing cov ntaub so ntswg, uas yog tsim los ntawm lub npe hu ua keratinocytes. Nyob rau hauv nws cov qauv, nws muaj ob peb cell txheej uas pw saum ib leeg. Cov hlwb tshiab tshaj plaws yog yug los ntawm basalepithelial membrane, nyob rau hauv qhov tob. Cov hlwb ntawm txheej txheej, nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog rau sab nraud ib puag ncig, tuag tawm me ntsis, hloov mus rau hauv nplai, thiab exfoliate thaum peb ntxuav peb tus kheej. Tom qab exfoliation ntawm cov nplai qub, lawv tau hloov los ntawm cov hlwb tshiab los ntawm cov epithelium, uas yav tas los nyob rau hauv cov txheej sib sib zog nqus. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, lawv kuj dhau los ua keratinized, tuag tawm thiab exfoliate. Yog li, cov hlwb ntawm daim tawv nqaij tau txuas ntxiv tas li.
Keratoma tshwm sim li cas?
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub cev, tus nqi ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim ntawm tes thiab lawv cov exfoliation thaum kawg ntawm lub neej voj voog yog sib npaug. Hauv lwm lo lus, tus naj npawb ntawm cov hlwb uas tsim nyog los hloov cov laus keratinized nplai rov tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua txhaum cai nyob rau hauv lub cev, qhov system no tsis ua hauj lwm, thiab qhov sib npaug ntawm cell tiam thiab exfoliation yog cuam tshuam, uas thaum kawg ua rau cov tsos ntawm ntau yam kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov qog nqaij hlav benign tshwm sim, uas cov kws kho mob hu ua lo lus "keratoma". Yog hais tias cov hlwb los ntawm lub epithelium yog nquag mus rau ntau tshaj keratinization, ces lawv tsis muaj sij hawm los exfoliate nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, ib tug overlay tshwm sim - thiab qhov no yog li cas ib tug qog tshwm sim. Nws hloov tawm hais tias xws li ib tug qog muaj ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm keratinocytes - hlwb uas tsim ib txwm txheej ntawm lub epithelium. Cov neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog so haujlwm yog predisposed rau cov kab mob no, vim lawv lub cev ua haujlwm tsis zoo, yog li senile keratoma tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Daim duab ntawm xws li keratoma yog nthuav tawm saum toj no.
Nyob rau hauv cov neeg tshaj 50, nyob ntawm thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw nyob, feem puaFeem ntau txawv, tab sis yeej siab - los ntawm 80 mus rau 100%. Interestingly, senile keratoma kuj tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas. Thaum 30, nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim thinning ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm 10%.
Keratoma puas tuaj yeem hloov mus ua mob qog noj ntshav?
Vim keratomas yog tsim los ntawm cov hlwb ib txwm, uas yog, cov uas muaj kev loj hlob, thiab tsis cuam tshuam (xws li cov qog nqaij hlav malignant), lawv yog cov qog nqaij hlav. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias hom qog nqaij hlav zoo li no tuaj yeem ua tsis zoo, uas yog, dhau los ua malignant.
Raws li kev txheeb cais, ntseeg tau tias qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv 8-20% ntawm cov neeg mob. Qhov no yuav nyob ntawm seb hom qog, lub xeev ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab ntau yam tsis zoo uas ua rau muaj kev tsim cov hlwb "tsis raug". Txij li thaum muaj qhov ua tau ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm keratoma mus rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav, cov neoplasms no raug xa mus rau qhov mob precancerous. Tab sis tsis tas yuav ntshai ntawm keratomas, vim tias lawv tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim rau cov qog nqaij hlav cancer.
Keratoma ntawm daim tawv nqaij, duab, tsos mob thiab kev kho mob
Cov neoplasm zoo li no tuaj yeem yog ib leeg lossis ntau yam. Feem ntau, keratomas tshwm sim nyob rau sab sauv ceg thiab ntau tsawg dua nyob rau hauv qis dua. Qhov chaw muaj peev xwm ntawm localization ntawm xws li tsim: ntsej muag, caj dab, caj npab, lub cev, sab sauv ntawm ob txhais ceg. Qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov khoom ntawm lub cev no feem ntau raug tshav ntuj. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov laj thawj rau kev tsim cov qog nqaij hlav, txij li ua ntejqhov kawg ntawm qhov ua rau tus kab mob no tsis paub.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshawb fawb txheeb xyuas ntau yam ntawm qhov ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem pathological no. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib yam kab mob los yog kev raug mob mus ntev rau ultraviolet hluav taws xob yam tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm daim tawv nqaij, muaj hnub nyoog hloov pauv thiab / lossis tsis muaj cov vitamins thiab minerals hauv lub cev, nrog rau cov tsiaj rog ntau dhau ntawm lub cev. Ib qho kev xaiv tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim los ntawm qhov teeb meem tom qab cov kab mob dermatological. Feem ntau, qhov tshwm sim ntawm keratomas yuav qhia tau hais tias ib tug predisposition ntawm lub cev rau oncological txheej txheem.
Keratoma classification
Raws li kev faib tawm, cov kws tshaj lij faib cov hauv qab no:
- seborrheic keratoma, daim duab uas tau nthuav tawm hauv qab no;
- senile keratoma;
- actinic (hnub ci) keratoma, muab faib ua papular, erythematous, papillomatous, horny, pigmented thiab proliferative;
- follicular keratoma.
Cov cim qhia ntawm daim tawv nqaij keratoma
Raws li kev faib tawm ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav uas twb muaj lawm, cov tsos mob tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kab mob thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob yuav txawv. Feem ntau, cov tsos mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij keratoma yog raws li nram no.
Tom qab qhov tsos, txhua lub keratoma muaj qhov pom ntawm qhov me ntsis protruding saum daim tawv nqaij, pleev xim rau hauv cov xim grey. Nws nto yog feem ntau flaky vim qhov tsos thiab exfoliation ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm teev. Maj mam, qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw nce,tau ntim, thiab protrudes ntau dua saum npoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Yog tias keratoma loj, nws tsim cov tawv tawv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg keratinized, vim qhov no nws tuaj yeem raug hooked, ua txhaum nws txoj kev ncaj ncees. Yog tias raug tso cai, keratoma mob thiab los ntshav, ua rau tsis xis nyob. Feem ntau cov benign formations no tsis coj teeb meem, tsuas yog rau qhov zoo nkauj, tab sis muaj kev zam.
YSeborrheic keratoma
Cov ntaub ntawv neoplasm yuav ib txwm muaj ntau yam thiab sib txawv ntawm qhov loj. Cov xim yog los ntawm dub mus rau tsaus xim av. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tib neeg txoj kev loj hlob, khaus pib thab, ntxiv rau, keratoma pib mob. Nyob ib ncig ntawm kev loj hlob, peeling pib pom. Cov kev loj hlob zoo li no qee zaum poob, thiab qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev kis kab mob.
Seborrheic keratoma yog hais txog daim ntawv ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav uas tuaj yeem degenerate mus rau hauv daim ntawv malignant ntawm tus kab mob.
Senile keratoma
Zoo li seborrheic keratoma, senile muaj ntau yam. Feem ntau lawv tau koom ua ke. Cov kev loj hlob yog dawb mus rau grey nyob rau hauv cov xim, thiab feem ntau muaj plaques. Lawv qhov chaw yog lub ntsej muag thiab caj dab. Kev loj hlob tsuas yog qee zaus khaus thiab tev tawm. Feem ntau, daim ntawv no ntawm keratoma cuam tshuam rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 30 xyoo.
Corny keratoma (tawv tawv)
Lub npe ntawm cov qog tam sim ua kom pom tseeb tias qhov neoplasm zoo li cas. Nws tiag tiag zoo li cov duab ntawm lub horn. Cov xim ntawm txoj kev loj hlob yog tsaus thiab nce saum npoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm ntau tshaj 5millimeters. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub neoplasm, daim tawv nqaij tig liab, nws tuaj yeem khaus thiab ci. Horny keratoma kuj muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov qog uas tuaj yeem ua malignant thiab loj hlob mus rau mob qog noj ntshav.
Follicular keratoma
Keratoma no yog nodular thiab tshwm nyob rau hauv ib qho. Cov xim tuaj yeem yog los ntawm pinkish mus rau grey, thiab nws txoj kab uas hla tsis ntau tshaj ob centimeters. Qhov chaw ntawm localization yog lub taub hau cheeb tsam thiab sab sauv daim di ncauj. Tus kab mob no muaj ntau dua rau cov poj niam thiab hais txog cov qog nqaij hlav, uas tsis tshua muaj degenerates mus rau hauv mob qog noj ntshav.
YSolar keratoma
Hnub ci keratoma ib txwm tshwm sim nws tus kheej li ntau qhov chaw uas nyiam ua pawg. Qhov chaw ntawm lawv qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem yog lub cev sab sauv, uas feem ntau raug rau hluav taws xob ultraviolet - lub hauv siab, nraub qaum, lub xub pwg nyom, caj npab thiab qis dua ob txhais ceg.
Los ntawm saum toj no, cov neoplasms tuaj yeem npog nrog nplai thiab qee zaum khaus. Pawg pheej hmoo rau hnub ci keratoma suav nrog cov txiv neej uas tau hla 40-xyoo cim. Hnub ci keratoma tuaj yeem tsim kho mob qog noj ntshav. Kev hloov mus rau squamous cell hom mob qog noj ntshav yuav zoo li yog tias muaj kev raug mob ntawm kev tsim nrog kev kis kab mob ntxiv.
Keratoma yog dab tsi thiab yuav kho li cas?
Txij li cov neoplasms zoo sib xws yog qhov zoo sib xws, nws yog qhov nyuaj rau kev sib txawv ntawm lawv, thiab, raws li, nws tsis yooj yim los txiav txim seb lawv puas tuaj yeem hloov mus ua mob qog noj ntshav. Yog li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tau saib xyuas thiab ib zaug txhua rau lub hlis, tig mus rau cov kws tshaj lij, ua kev kuaj xyuas. Tsis txhob tso tseg mus rau tus kws kho mob dermatologist ntev. Yog hais tias keratoma tsis tshwm sim nws tus kheej, ces tsis muaj laj thawj rau kev txhawj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog tias tus kws kho mob dermatologist tau kuaj ob peb zaug hauv ib xyoos, tab sis yog tias, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, kev loj hlob sai, kub hnyiab thiab khaus pib. yuav tsum tau sau tseg, yog tias qhov tsim tau pib los ntshav lossis ib ncig ntawm qhov kev loj hlob lossis qhov chaw loog yog pom, koj yuav tsum mus ntsib kws kho mob tam sim ntawd.
Kev kho mob tseem ceeb yog tshem tawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij keratoma. Ib daim duab ntawm kev kho mob tau nthuav tawm hauv kab lus. Tom ntej no, kuaj histological ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg tshem tawm, los yog kev kuaj mob ntawm qhov chaw neoplasm (riam los yog scarification biopsy).
Yog tias nws tau tsim tias cov qog yog daim ntawv benign - keratoma, ces nws tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm nrog kua nitrogen lossis electrodiathermy (electrocoagulation). Tab sis cov txheej txheem no ua kom puas tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg keratoma, thiab yav tom ntej nws tsis tuaj yeem ua kev tshawb fawb. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej siv cov kev tshem tawm no, koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias nws qhov zoo.
Hauv cov tshuaj niaj hnub no, ib lub laser sparing yog siv los ua kom puas keratomas, uas tsis muaj qhov caws pliav thiab tsis kov cov ntaub so ntswg. Qhov no suav hais tias yog txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis nws, zoo li txoj kev nitrogen thiab txoj kev electrodiathermic, yuav tsum tau ua tiav kev ntseeg siab hauv qhov zoo ntawm kev tsim, vim nws rhuav tshem cov ntaub so ntswg.
Tab sis txoj kev phais ib txwm siv, scalping, yog siv tsis tshua muaj hnub no, txij li tom qab nws tuaj yeem nyob.caws pliav. Thaum ib qho chaw reddish tseem nyob rau hauv lub detached crust tom qab tshem tawm ntawm lub ntsiab build-up, ces rau tej lub sij hawm nws yog tsim nyog los siv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce los txhim kho lub regeneration thiab epithelium ntawm lub cheeb tsam.
Txoj kev tom ntej ntawm kev tshem tawm cov kab mob tsis zoo yog kev siv Surgitron apparatus. Qhov no yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev tsim los ntawm cov xov tooj cua yoj txoj kev. Raws li txoj cai, cov txheej txheem tsis tas yuav tsum muaj tshuaj loog, thiab tom qab siv lub cuab yeej, qhov caws pliav tsis tshua muaj. Lwm qhov zoo dua ntawm txoj kev xov tooj cua yoj yog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev soj ntsuam histological ntxiv.
Qee tus xav paub seb puas muaj peev xwm tshem tau keratoma hauv tsev siv txoj hauv kev pej xeem. Cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho cov tsim nyob hauv tsev. Hauv tsev, koj tsuas tuaj yeem ua tiav cov kev kho mob yooj yim nrog pej xeem txoj kev. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum sim compresses nrog kua txiv aloe lossis decoction ntawm dos tev thaum hmo ntuj, lossis siv cov roj castor. Nws yuav tsum tau rubbed ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov tsos ntawm keratomas. Koj tuaj yeem so qhov chaw no nrog lub swab, tom qab ntub nws hauv cov roj zaub rhuab. Qos yaj ywm lotions yuav zoo.
Qhov txhab yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo nrog tshuaj tua kab mob. Thaum siv cov compresses, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab suav nrog cov khoom noj uas muaj vitamin C hauv kev noj haus rau lub sijhawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij rov qab, lossis siv cov vitamins nrog nws cov ntsiab lus.
