Tib neeg ko taw yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev musculoskeletal. Nws yog tsim los txav thiab tswj lub cev nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw upright. Qhov no ib feem ntawm cov ceg bears ib colossal load ntawm ib tug zoo li qub thiab dynamic xwm, uas yog txhawb los ntawm cov pob qij txha ruaj khov, tsim cov ntaub so ntswg, cov leeg muaj zog thiab ligaments. Kev mob ntawm cov pob qij txha ntawm ko taw tshwm sim los ntawm kev raug mob, kis kab mob, hnyav dhau, hnav khau tsis xis nyob. Nws ua rau mob hnyav. Txawm hais tias tsis xis nyob, tib neeg tsis maj mus ntsib kws kho mob, thiab tsis muaj kev kho mob raws sijhawm ua rau muaj teeb meem loj txawm tias cov tub ntxhais hluas.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Tus ko taw muaj qhov ruaj khov thiab muaj zog ua kom nws ua haujlwm. Nws muaj 26 pob txha, 33 pob qij txha thiab ntau tshaj li ib puas ligaments, cov leeg thiab cov leeg. Taw qhia:
- sib npaug thiab txhawb nqa thaum sawv;
- nqus lub zog cuam tshuam thaum tsaws,thiab muab lub cev ib txoj hauj lwm ntsug thaum lub sij hawm ntawm repulsion los ntawm kev txhawb nqa;
- tiv thaiv kab mob musculoskeletal los ntawm overload thiab raug mob.
Cov pob txha ntawm ko taw muaj xws li:
- tarsals - nws muaj ob pob txha loj: talus thiab calcaneus;
- metatarsus - muaj tsib leeg pob txha;
- phalanxes ntawm cov ntiv tes yog cov pob txha tubular (tus ntiv tes xoo muaj ob, tus so ntawm peb).
Rau kev ua haujlwm, tag nrho cov pob txha ntawm ko taw txuas nrog cov pob qij txha. Cov kws kho mob ntawm sab hnub tuaj ntseeg hais tias ko taw yog qhov taw qhia ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Los ntawm nws tus mob, koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txhua yam mob ntawm tus neeg. Cov kev xav tsis zoo hauv cheeb tsam no yuav tsum tsis txhob ignored.
Kev mob pob qij txha
Vim li cas ko taw mob? Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau qhov tshwm sim no. Feem ntau yog:
- Hnav tsis xis nyob thiab khau nruj - niaj hnub siv cov khau siab heels uas nyem ko taw ua rau cov leeg mob thiab txo cov ntshav ntws.
- Ntau dhau - tas li tso siab rau cov pob qij txha ntawm ko taw.
- tiaj tus taw - hloov kho cov duab ntawm ko taw vim qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm qhov hla thiab qhov ntev.
- Kev raug mob: dislocation, metatarsal puas, contusions, torn thiab sprained ligaments.
- Kev ua kom lub cev nce ntxiv.
Txhua yam no ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab ntau ntxiv ntawm cov pob qij txha metatarsophalangeal ntawm ko taw. Ntxiv rau lawv, cov kab mob hauv lub cev uas tshwm sim hauv lub cev cuam tshuam rau qhov mob. Cov no suav nrog:
- Kab mob sib kis - cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov pob qij txha puas tshwm sim nrog kev mob ntawm cov hnyuv, genitourinary thiab ua pa, syphilis, gonorrhea.
- Osteoporosis yog qhov poob ntawm calcium thiab phosphorus los ntawm cov pob txha.
- Arthritis - nws cuam tshuam rau tib neeg txhua lub hnub nyoog thiab yog kab mob hauv lub cev.
- Arthrosis ntawm cov pob qij txha ntawm ko taw yog kab mob uas muaj hnub nyoog.
- Gout - vim muaj teeb meem metabolic hauv cov pob qij txha, uric acid tso tawm.
- Mob ntshav qab zib ko taw yog mob ntshav qab zib. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob metabolic, cov ntshav ntws hauv cov hlab ntsha me me zuj zus, thiab kev hloov ko taw tshwm sim.
- YSynovitis - mob ntawm lub synovium.
- YPeriostitis yog ib qho mob ntawm lub periosteum.
- Psoriatic polyarthritis - tshwm sim tom qab kev kho mob ntev ntawm daim tawv nqaij, thiab qee zaus nws ua ntej lawv, thiab cov pob qij txha ntawm ko taw pib mob ua ntej ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- kab mob varicose yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev xeeb tub ntawm cov qauv ntawm phab ntsa venous, ntev zaum lossis sawv, lub plawv tsis ua haujlwm.
- Ligamentitis - mob ntawm ligaments.
- mob nqaij - feem ntau zoo ib yam li mob pob qij txha. Myositis tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev kis kab mob lossis muaj lwm yam keeb kwm.
Ntsuab tshuaj pleev ib ce
Thaum muaj mob hnyav ntawm ob txhais ceg, ib tug neeg sim txhua yam tshuaj uas muaj nyob ntawm tes, tsuas yog tshem tawm. Qee tus, tau sim cov tshuaj pleev no, tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo thiab pom zoonws rau nws cov phooj ywg. Ntau tus kws kho mob tsis zoo txog kev siv cov tshuaj kho tsiaj rau tib neeg, ntseeg tias lawv muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv uas tuaj yeem ua rau khaus, ua xua thiab tawv nqaij kub hnyiab. Cov chaw tsim khoom tsis ris lub luag haujlwm rau cov kev mob tshwm sim, vim tias cov tshuaj pleev yog tsim rau tsiaj, thiab lawv yuav tsum tau siv rau lawv lub hom phiaj. Lwm cov kws kho mob nyiam ntseeg tias Horsepower ointment muaj cov nyhuv kho. Nws cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg zoo ib yam li cov khoom siv tshuaj kho mob rau tib neeg. Nees ointment rau tsiaj yog siv los txo lawv qhov mob, uas tau tsim los ntawm kev raug mob los yog kab mob ntawm ob txhais ceg. Nws kuj yog siv los tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj thaum lub sij hawm siv lub cev hnyav. Cov tshuaj pleev tsuas muaj cov khoom xyaw ntuj. Xws li:
- Vitamin E yog ib qho tshuaj antioxidant zoo heev. Nws slows cell aging, txhawb kev kho mob sai, thiab tiv thaiv cov ntshav txhaws.
- Lavender roj - nws muab elasticity rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab softens nws.
- Peppermint tseem ceeb roj - muaj cov nyhuv txias, txo cov leeg nro.
- Cov khoom siv: carbopol, propylparaben, methylparaben, soybean roj, glycerin, dej.
Dhau li ntawm qhov no, Horsepower ointment ua kom sov cov nyhuv vim yog cov extract ntawm txiv ntseej thiab kua txob. Cov neeg siv nws rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij nrog ib txheej nyias thiab rub nws nrog kev ua kom massage. Cov txheej txheem yog ua ob zaug ib hnub. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj, cov kab mob sib koom ua ke yog qhwv nrog ib txoj phuam sov. Qhov siab tshaj plaws tuaj nrogob lub lis piam, kev txhim kho tau sau tseg tom qab ob daim ntawv thov.
Cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev puas tsuaj
Thaum qhov sib koom ua ke puas lawm thiab tsis muaj kev kho kom tsim nyog, cov txheej txheem pib nce thiab ntes cov ntaub so ntswg periarticular, tej zaum yuav kis tau tus kab mob thib ob. Thaum lub sij hawm, deformation tshwm sim thiab, piv txwv li, ib tug pob txha yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv sib koom tes ntawm tus taw ntawm tus ntiv taw loj. Muaj ntau yam cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob:
- mob pob qij txha - thaum xub thawj muaj qhov tsis xis nyob, uas yog vim kev qaug zog, tom qab ntawd qhov mob hnyav zuj zus thiab pib txwv kev taug kev.
- Txo ntau yam kev txav hauv kev sib koom ua ke.
- Muaj reddening ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam, thiab nce kub.
- o maj mam kis mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib puag ncig kev sib koom tes.
Tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsos mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob
Txhua tus kab mob ntawm ko taw pob qij txha muaj nws tus yam ntxwv, cia peb xav txog qee yam ntawm lawv:
- Arthrosis. Feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus. Nws cuam tshuam rau cov pob qij txha ntawm cov ntiv taw, thiab yog tias tsis kho, ua kom tiav immobilization. Mob thaum ntxov tshwm sim tsuas yog tom qab hnyav lub cev tawm dag zog, muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm cov pob qij txha metatarsophalangeal, nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob nws intensifies. Muaj qhov mob npub uas mob hnyav zuj zus tom qab kev tawm dag zog. Nws tshwm sim thaum sawv ntxov thiab rov tshwm sim thaum yav tsaus ntuj. Nrog rau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, txhua qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm qhov mob tuaj yeem kav ntev dua ib hnub.
- Arthritis - cuam tshuam tsis yog rau cov leeg nqaij xwbapparatus, tab sis kuj tseem ceeb hauv lub cev. Tus kab mob no cuam tshuam rau cov pob qij txha me ntawm ko taw. Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm o, mob, thiab liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij tshaj qhov chaw uas cuam tshuam. Kev txav ntawm cov pob qij txha raug txwv, qhov mob hnyav zuj zus thaum sawv ntxov, thaum yav tsaus ntuj nws txo qis, thaum lub zog ntawm qhov txav tau txo qis.
- Gout yog ib yam kab mob cuam tshuam nrog kev sib koom ntawm cov ntiv taw loj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm daim siab ua haujlwm tsis zoo, purine ntsev tau tso rau hauv qhov sib koom ua ke, uas ua rau mob. Thawj theem ntawm tus kab mob tsis tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv txhua txoj kev. Sij hawm dhau mus, qhov mob ntawm qhov xwm txheej paroxysmal tshwm sim, uas tom qab ntawd dhau mus tas li. Kev sib koom tes ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo o, o yog pom, lub cev kub nce mus txog 39 degrees. Mob mob heev thaum hmo ntuj.
- Osteoporosis yog qhov tsis muaj calcium thiab phosphate hauv cov pob txha ntawm ko taw. Kev hnov mob tshwm sim thaum so thiab ua kom hnyav nrog kev tawm dag zog lub cev.
- Kev raug mob ko taw - muaj mob hnyav, ua tsis taus pa lossis txav tsis tau, o, hemorrhage.
- Rheumatism - qhov mob tau sau tseg hauv cov ntiv taw ntawm ko taw, liab liab tshwm sim nyob rau thaj tsam o, kub, qhov mob hnyav tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov pob qij txha sib txawv thiab dhau mus sai.
Txoj kev kuaj mob
Ib tug neeg mob, thaum sib koom tes ntawm ko taw mob, yuav tsum hu rau lub tsev kho mob mus rau tus kws kho mob hauv zos lossis tus kws phais. Nws yuav sau ib qho anamnesis ntawm tus kab mob, ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tag nrho ntawm cov kab mob sib koom ua ke thiab sau cov txheej txheem kuaj mob hauv qab no:
- Txuag ntshav suav - yuaverythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm leukocytes tau txiav txim siab los txheeb xyuas cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Lawv kuj tseem yuav kuaj pom tus naj npawb ntawm eosinophils, uas yuav txiav txim siab qhov ua xua.
- Biochemical tsom xam - yuav qhia rheumatic yam thiab C-reactive protein.
- X-ray - yuav qhia meej qhov hnyav ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological thiab pab kom tsis txhob raug mob sib koom ua ke.
- Computer lossis magnetic resonance imaging yuav qhia meej cov nuances ntawm tus kab mob.
- Ntaws rau kev kuaj xyuas cov kua dej sib koom ua ke.
- Ultrasound ntawm thaj chaw sib koom ua ke.
- Yog xav tias tuberculosis, cov qauv tshwj xeeb raug coj mus rau kev tshawb fawb.
Tom qab tau txais tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, kev sab laj nrog lwm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb (tus kws kho mob, tus kws kho mob rheumatologist, hematologist, endocrinologist, phthisiatrician), tus kws kho mob yuav sau ntawv kho mob.
MRI ntawm ko taw pob qij txha
Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb thaum kuaj xyuas tus mob ntawm ko taw yuav tsum tau muab rau cov duab sib nqus resonance. Nws yog ib txoj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis mob uas zoo heev rau kev kuaj xyuas menyuam yaus thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm ko taw MRI yog qhov tseeb heev. Nyob rau hauv cov duab, taw yog pom nyob rau hauv txawv dav hlau. Qhov no yuav pab txheeb xyuas cov qog los ntawm kev teeb tsa lawv qhov loj me mus rau qhov ze tshaj plaws millimeter, kua muag, sprains, subchondral cysts, txawv teb chaws lub cev nyob rau hauv qhov sib koom ua ke. MRI tuaj yeem ua tau raws li kev tswj xyuas hauv kev kho mob, uas yog, ntau zaus tshaj li kev suav tomography lossis x-rays.
Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau MRIkev sib koom ua haujlwm:
- pob txha uas nyuaj rau kev kuaj mob, dislocations, sprains, torn ligaments thiab tendons;
- -hlav ntawm tus cwj mem thiab cov neeg siab phem;
- tsis piav qhia txog qhov mob ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke, txwv kev txav mus los, o;
- lub cev txawv teb chaws hauv cheeb tsam sib koom ua ke;
- kab mob ntawm ligament apparatus;
- ntshai pinched;
- kev puas tsuaj rau kev sib koom ua ke;
- mob caj dab thiab mob caj dab.
Kev npaj tshwj xeeb rau MRI ntawm ko taw tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua. Tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub cev yog raug rau cov magnetic teb. Cov txheej txheem no ua haujlwm ua ib txoj hauv kev kuaj mob. Tsuas yog nrog nws txoj kev pab nws tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov kev kuaj mob zaum kawg, tab sis qee zaus MRI yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Drug therapy
Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov tsos mob thiab kho cov pob qij txha ntawm ko taw, tus kws kho mob, nyob ntawm qhov ua rau pathology, yuav muab cov tshuaj hauv qab no:
- non-steroids: Diclofenac, Indomethacin, Ibuprofen;
- tshuaj tua kab mob: cefazolin thiab penicillin;
- hormones: Dexamethasone, Triamcinolone, Prednisolone, Hydrocortisone;
- tshuaj uas pab kho cov ntaub so ntswg: "Glucosamine", "Chondroitin";
- painkillers: Novocaine, Ketorolac, Lidocaine;
- tshuaj uas tswj cov concentration ntawm alkali thiab kua qaub hauv cov ntshav: Regidron, cov tshuaj ntawm 4% sodium bicarbonate.
Rau qee cov kab mob ntawm cov pob qij txha, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, cov tshuaj hormones los kho cov haujlwm ntawm cov txiav thiab cov thyroid caj pas,tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis.
Physiotherapy
pob qij txha mob, yuav kho li cas? Qhov no yuav pab cov txheej txheem physiotherapy, uas yog siv nrog kev kho tshuaj. Cov kws tshaj lij tshaj plaws yog:
- Magnetotherapy - cov nyhuv ntawm cov hlau nplaum ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam txhim kho microcirculation hauv lawv, txo qhov o, pob txha mos thiab periosteum rov qab sai dua.
- Electrophoresis - txoj kev no tso cai rau koj xa tshuaj mus rau txheej subcutaneous, los ntawm qhov uas lawv maj mam cuam tshuam rau thaj tsam ntawm ko taw.
- UHF - ultra-siab zaus muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm qis qis, txhim kho lawv cov metabolism.
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev kho lub cev yog qhov tsis lees paub, tab sis cov txheej txheem no tsis haum rau txhua tus. Contraindications yog cov kab mob ntawm cov hlab plawv system, malignant qog, mob hlwb thiab lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg mob tshaj 65.
Tshuaj kho mob pob qij txha nrog kua txob
Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke rau kev kho pob qij txha, tshuaj pleev nrog kua txob yog siv. Lawv muaj ib tug irritating thiab ua kom sov, dilating cov hlab ntsha. Hauv cheeb tsam periarticular, cov ntshav ntws, oxygen thiab cov as-ham nce. Muaj ib qho normalization ntawm cov txheej txheem metabolic, tus neeg mob xav tau kev pab. Cov tshuaj pleev zoo tshaj plaws rau cov pob qij txha yog cov kua txob kub, nab thiab muv venom, salicylic acid. Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj pleev kom sov yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua tsib xyoos, nrog rau cov kab mob dermatitis thiab qhib qhov txhab, thiab txhuam nrogsalicylic acid.
Tshuaj pleev nrog capsaicin (ib qho alkaloid pom nyob rau hauv ntau hom capsicum) muaj cov nyhuv hauv qab no:
- dilute cov hlab ntsha;
- txo qhov mob;
- kho thiab rov tsim cov ntaub so ntswg;
- relieve o;
- normalize cov ntaub so ntswg noj zaub mov;
- muaj cov kab mob bactericidal;
- muaj cov nyhuv antioxidant.
Ntxiv rau tag nrho cov khoom teev tseg, kua txob rubs yog pheej yig, suav tias yog cov tshuaj pleev zoo tshaj plaws rau pob qij txha thiab xav tau. Ua ntej siv cov khoom, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob.
Kev kho thiab tiv thaiv kev sib koom tes ntawm kev mob caj dab nrog cream
Arthritis yog kab mob autoimmune uas cuam tshuam rau cov pob qij txha me ntawm tes thiab ko taw. Nws yog provoked los ntawm kev ua si lub cev ntau dhau, kab mob thiab kab mob, cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab. Tus neeg mob ntsib qhov mob tsis tu ncua, muaj zog ntawm kev txav, o. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub paj hlwb thiab kev nyuaj siab. Thaum mob tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kom sai li sai tau. Nyob rau theem pib ntawm tus kab mob, koj tuaj yeem siv Citralgin cream los kho pob qij txha. Nws yog tshuaj los ntawm cov neeg mob ntawm txhua lub hnub nyoog, thiab cov tshuaj yuav luag tsis muaj contraindications. Cream "Citralgin" rau kev mob caj dab:
- txo qhov mob;
- txo qhov mob thiab o;
- normalizes zog;
- txo qis kev sib koom tes tom qab ib hmos tawm.
Kev siv tshuaj loog, gels thiab cream rau kev kho mob pob qij txha, ua ke nrog kev kho mob los ntawm kws kho mob, yuav pab txo qis tus neeg mob tus mob.
Surgery
Txoj kev ua haujlwm yog siv thaum kev kho mob tsis ua haujlwm lossis tsis ua haujlwm, piv txwv li, thaum ligaments raug torn. Nrog rau kev mus ntsib kws kho mob lig, kev ua haujlwm kuj tseem ua tau thaum lub pob ntawm thawj phalanx raug tshem tawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, cov pob qij txha ntawm lwm cov ntiv tes yog deformed, yog li qhov chaw hloov pauv raug txiav, thiab cov pob txha tawg tau kho nrog cov qauv hlau hauv txoj haujlwm raug. Tom qab kev kho dua tshiab, kev ua haujlwm thib ob yog ua, thaum lub sijhawm tshem tawm cov cuab yeej. Txoj kev kho no suav hais tias ua tau zoo.
pob qij txha mob: yuav kho li cas?
Nrog rau qhov mob, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau kho kom txaus. Tsuas yog tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem kuaj mob thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd sau cov kev kho mob uas tsim nyog, tab sis koj tuaj yeem txo koj tus mob hauv tsev. Rau qhov no koj xav tau:
- Unloading and so. Txhua tus neeg yuav tsum hnav cov khau taug kev yooj yim. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau cov poj niam tso tseg qhov kev siv tas li ntawm cov khau siab heeled. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob taug kev deb thiab sawv ntawm koj ko taw ntev.
- da dej sov. Lawv yuav txo qhov mob thiab nkees tom qab ib hnub ua haujlwm nyuaj. Txhua yam kev zaws: phau ntawv siv roj, taug kev ntawm ib daim ntaub tshwj xeeb, xuab zeb, pebbles me me - tag nrho cov no yuav txo qhov mob yog tias ko taw mob.
- Calcium npaj thiab cov vitamins. Kev noj cov calcium thiab vitamin complexes ib ntus yuav pab ua kom cov pob txha pob txha nrog cov khoom tsim nyog.
- Special nkawm khau. Cov khau orthopedic thiab cov insoles tshwj xeeb yog cov tshuaj zoo rau kev mob ko taw.
Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj hauv tsev tsuas tuaj yeem txo qhov mob ib ntus xwb, tab sis tsis kho tus kab mob. Nrog rau qhov mob hnyav thiab tsis tu ncua, nws raug nquahu kom sab laj tus kws kho mob uas, tom qab kev kuaj xyuas kom meej, yuav ua kom muaj kev kuaj mob kom raug thiab sau ntawv kho mob rau kev mob ntawm ko taw. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau nrhiav kev pab tsim nyog thaum ntxov ntawm tus kab mob.
