Kev zom zaub mov yog txheej txheem tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm peb lub cev. Thawj zaug ua zaub mov tseem nyob hauv lub qhov ncauj. Tab sis nws txoj kev ntxiv los ntawm lub plab yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nov yog qhov peb yuav mob siab rau tsab xov xwm. Peb yuav txheeb xyuas cov theem ntawm plab hnyuv, xav txog cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov kev cai thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb.
Pib pawg zaub mov los ntawm kev zom zaub mov nrawm
Lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ib qho khoom noj los ntawm peb lub cev txawv. Tag nrho cov zaub mov tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub pawg ntawm no:
- Carbohydrate zaub mov - digested tus ceev tshaj.
- Protein zaub mov - siv sijhawm nruab nrab los zom.
- khoom noj muaj roj (ntxiv rau nws ua ke nrog cov protein) yog cov khoom lag luam nrog lub sijhawm nqus tau ntev.
- Qab zaub mov uas tsis nqus los ntawm lub cev, lossis siv sijhawm ntev dhau los zom.
sijhawm digestion rau txhua qeb
Yog li cas cov zaub mov zom hauv plab? Xav txog txhua qeb raws sijhawm:
- 35-60feeb. Cov no yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo, berries, kua fermented mis nyuj khoom, kua txiv (los ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub).
- 1, 5-2 teev. Cov qeb suav nrog zaub ntsuab, zaub, khoom noj siv mis (tsis suav cov tawv thiab rog), txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav, cov noob ua ntej soaked thiab sprouts.
- 2-3 teev. Txiv ntseej, cereals, noob, cereals, boiled legumes, nceb, ci khoom thiab khoom siv mis nyuj khov.
- Kwv yees li 4 teev (lossis tsis zom txhua). Cov qeb muaj xws li: nqaij, ntses, kas fes lossis tshuaj yej nrog mis nyuj, zaub mov kaus poom, pasta feem ntau.
Dej qaug rau lub plab khoob tsis nyob hauv nws, dhau mus rau hauv txoj hnyuv tam sim.
Yuav noj zaub mov ntau npaum li cas hauv plab thiab plab hnyuv?
Ntawm qhov nruab nrab, lub sijhawm siv rau tag nrho kev zom zaub mov zoo li no:
- Nyob hauv plab - mus txog 4 teev.
- Kev zom zaub mov hauv cov hnyuv - 4-6 teev.
- kauj ruam kawg (kev zom hauv cov hnyuv loj) tuaj yeem siv sijhawm txog 15 teev.
Phase ntawm gastric secretion
Yog li kev ua zaub mov noj ntawm no li cas? Cov theem hauv qab no ntawm kev zais plab yog qhov txawv:
- Brain theem.
- plab hnyuv.
- plab hnyuv theem.
Yuav ua li cas lub plab thiab duodenum ua rau lawv txuas ntxiv, peb yuav txheeb xyuas kom meej.
Lub hlwb theem
theem no yog qhib ua ntej cov khoom noj uas noj nkag mus rau hauv plab. Nws yog aroused los ntawm tsw, saj, pom ntawm zaub mov, los yog txawm xav txog nws. Yuav ua li casqhov qab los noj mov ntau dua, qhov ntau dua cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo los ntawm lub cev.
Nerve signals uas tshwm sim hauv cerebral cortex, lub qab los noj mov chaw ntawm lub hypothalamus thiab amygdala txiav txim siab lub hlwb theem. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov impulses no kis mus rau lub cev muaj zog dorsal nuclei ntawm lub paj hlwb vagus. Los ntawm qhov ntawd (ntawm cov hlab ntsha vagus) lawv ncaj qha mus rau lub plab.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias theem no ntawm kev tso tawm yuav ua lub luag haujlwm rau kwv yees li 20% ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm plab hnyuv, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev noj zaub mov.
Lub npe thib ob ntawm theem yog qhov ua kom rov ua haujlwm nyuaj. Nws yog kev cob cog rua nrog lub fact tias conditioned thiab unconditioned reflexes koom nyob rau hauv nws. Pib hauv 5-7 feeb thiab kav 1.5-2 teev.
Lub tswv yim ntawm reflex arc ntawm no yuav ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Nkauj hauv lub qhov ncauj.
- Ntshai fibers ntawm lub hlwb, cranial chaw.
- Vagus nuclei, medulla oblongata.
- Preganglionic paj hlwb.
- Ganglia.
- Postganglionic paj hlwb.
- Kab plab lub luag haujlwm rau kev zais cia.
plab hnyuv
Lub plab hnyuv muaj dab tsi? Thaum cov zaub mov nkag mus rau hauv lub cev no, ntev reflexes ntawm lub plab mus rau lub hlwb thiab rov qab mus rau lub plab hnyuv, plab hnyuv hauv zos reflexes, thiab lub gastrin mechanism pib stimuled. Txhua yam uas tau teev tseg ua rau cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tso rau hauv ob peb teev uas cov zaub mov nyob hauv plab.
Qhov ntim ntawm qhov tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm no yuav sib npaug 70% ntawm tag nrho pawg. Yog li ntawd, rauLub plab zom mov yog lub luag haujlwm rau feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim. Nws qhov ntim tag nrho ib hnub yog kwv yees li 1500 ml. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm, cov hydrochloric acid ntawm lub plab hnyuv kab mob tua cov kab mob phem nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov.
Cov txheej txheem hauv qab no yuav koom nrog rau theem no:
- Nerve central. Muaj ntev reflex arcs. Txoj kev yog raws li nram no: gastric receptors - sensory pathways - vagus nuclei (medulla oblongata) - preganglionic paj fibers - ganglia - intramural - postganglionic paj fibers - gastric glands lub luag hauj lwm rau secretion ntau lawm.
- Ntshai hauv zos. Cov no suav nrog luv reflex arcs uas yuav kaw hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub plab nws tus kheej.
- Endocrine. Dab tsi sawv ntawm no? Gastrin, uas tso rau hauv cov ntshav los ntawm endocrine hlwb ntawm lub plab pylorus. Nws stimulates lub secretion (excretion) ntawm hydrochloric acid los ntawm cov qog ntawm fundus.
- Paracrine. Nws yog histamine. Nws yog twb secreted los ntawm tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm lub plab, yog muab pov rau hauv lub intercellular kua. Nws qhov kev txiav txim yog hauv zos (tsuas yog ntawm cov hlwb nyob sib ze). Kuj tseem txhawb nqa qhov tso tawm ntawm hydrochloric acid hauv plab (tua cov kab mob tsis zoo).
mus rau theem tom ntej.
plab hnyuv theem
Nco ntsoov tias lub plab thiab duodenum koom nrog tag nrho cov txheej txheem. Nws txhais li cas? Cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv loj (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov duodenum) tseem ua rau lub plab zais zis.
Ib qho tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceebkua txiv plab nyob rau theem no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv me me (li 10% ntawm tag nrho cov loj). Yog vim li cas pom nyob rau hauv ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm gastrin, uas yuav tsim tau lub mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm duodenum.
Kev tawm dag zog ntawm plab hnyuv thaum lub sij hawm plab hnyuv tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes ntawm qhov ntev reflex arcs. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov nyhuv inhibitory ntawm peripheral sympathetic reflexes, duodenal cov tshuaj hormones tau sau tseg. Cov no suav nrog GIP, secretin, VIP, cholecystokinin, thiab lwm yam.
Inhibition ntawm gastric secretion
Tshuaj plab chyme yog lub luag haujlwm rau inhibition ntawm no. Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nws kuj me ntsis nkoos gastric secretion, tab sis tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm txoj hnyuv.
Braking yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ob yam:
- Khoom noj hauv cov hnyuv me ua rau enterogastric reflex. Nws yog nqa tawm los ntawm cov hlab ntsha sab hauv ntawm txoj hnyuv, sab nraud parasympathetic thiab sympathetic qab haus huv, tsim los suppress gastric secretion. Lub reflex yog tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau stretching ntawm cov hnyuv me, irritation ntawm lub mucous daim nyias nyias, muaj hydrochloric acid, protein ntau puas cov khoom nyob rau hauv sab sauv seem ntawm cov hnyuv. Nws yuav yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem nyuaj uas ua rau lub plab zom mov qeeb thaum cov hnyuv tau ntim nrog zaub mov.
- Cov rog, cov khoom lag luam zom zaub mov, cov kua qaub, hypoosmotic, kua dej hyperosmotic thiab lwm yam irritants uas ua rau cov hnyuv sab sauv ua rau tso cov tshuaj hormones hauv plab. Qhov no yog secretin, uas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no pib suppress gastric muaj nuj nqi. Lwm cov tshuaj hormones yog somatostatin, gastric inhibitory peptide, plab hnyuv vasoactive peptide. Lawv lub luag haujlwm zoo ib yam - kom muaj kev cuam tshuam me me ntawm kev tsim cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Kev tso kua txiv rau hauv plab ntawm pluas noj
Qhov tseeb nthuav yog tias plab hnyuv txuas ntxiv ntawm cov pluas noj. Cov qog yuav zais ob peb milliliters kua txiv txhua txhua teev thaum lub sijhawm so tag nrho ntawm cov pluas noj. Ntawd yog, thaum lub sijhawm zom zaub mov hauv lub cev tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm lossis tsis tseem ceeb.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev zais zais hauv qhov no kuj nthuav. Nws xyaum tsis muaj hydrochloric acid. Nws lub ntsiab muaj pes tsawg leeg yog mucus, me me ntawm pepsin.
Tab sis qhov nce hauv plab hnyuv hauv lub sijhawm no kuj tseem ua tau. Nws yog txuam nrog kev xav stimuli. Kua txiv pib sawv tawm mus txog 50 ml ib teev twg, nws nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm pepsin thiab hydrochloric acid. Hauv qee txoj hauv kev, cov txheej txheem no yuav zoo li lub paj hlwb ntawm lub plab zais cia. Tab sis nrog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb - zaub mov tsis nkag rau hauv plab. Cov kev ua ntawm cov kab mob no yog fraught rau ib tug neeg uas muaj mob peptic ulcer.
Npaj plab tshwm sim nyob rau hauv peb theem tseem ceeb - cerebral, gastric thiab hnyuv. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj nws tus kheej txoj cai mechanisms - stimulation thiab inhibition. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho me me ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo tso rau hauv tus neeg noj qab haus huv los ntawm cov qog tshwj xeeb yuav raug pom thaum noj mov.
