Lub voj voog kev sib deev tseem hu ua lub voj voog kev coj khaub ncaws. Cov no yog cov kev hloov pauv nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm tus poj niam ntawm lub hnub nyoog yug me nyuam, uas yog tsom rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev xeeb tub. Hauv cov tshuaj, thawj hnub ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws yog suav tias yog qhov pib ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws. Hauv tag nrho, nws suav nrog peb theem, uas peb yuav tham hauv kab lus no. Cov no yog proliferative, menstrual thiab secretory. Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj poj niam muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib deev cwj pwm txhua lub sij hawm, ces nyob rau hauv tib neeg, tom qab txog tsib puas cycles, menopause tshwm sim. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog 46 thiab 54. Hauv qhov xwm txheej no, lub zes qe menyuam ua rau tsis muaj zog rau luteotropin thiab follitropin.
Duration
Lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib deev hauv poj niam tuaj yeem sib txawv. Cov txheej txheem physiological tshwm sim hauv nws lub cev yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev txiav txim siab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj kwv yees cov hnub kawg uas nws yuav tsum haum. Yog tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim, ces muaj laj thawj xav tias muaj ntau yam ua txhaum cai.
Lub sijhawm ntawm tus poj niam txoj kev sib deev yog 28 hnub. Nyob ntawm ntau yamyam, nws tuaj yeem sib txawv, dhau los ua ib lub lim tiam ntev dua lossis luv dua.
Thawj zaug
Yuav kom nkag siab lub tswv yim ntawm lub voj voog estrous, ib tus yuav tsum nkag siab txog cov lus tshwj xeeb ntsig txog tus mob no. Kab lus no yuav tham txog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb.
Qhov kev tshwm sim hauv nruab nrab hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib deev ntawm txhua tus poj niam yog menarche. Nov yog thawj zaug kev sib deev hauv nws lub neej. Nws qhia tau hais tias lub cev tam sim no npaj txhij rau kev yug me nyuam. Raws li txoj cai, nyob rau hauv cov poj niam, menarche tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog kaum ob mus rau kaum plaub xyoo. Tus qauv raug suav hais tias yog hnub nyoog ntawm cuaj thiab kaum tsib.
Thaum kev coj khaub ncaws tshwm sim thaum muaj cuaj xyoos, lawv hais txog kev ua poj niam thaum ntxov, thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 15 xyoos - ntawm thawj amenorrhea. Lub sij hawm uas thawj zaug los ntshav tshwm sim nyob ntawm ntau yam. Nov yog kev noj haus, kev xeeb tub, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus ntxhais.
Muaj peev xwm ua txhaum cai
Kev ua txhaum ntawm lub voj voog kev sib deev tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam sib txawv. Cov no yog cev xeeb tub, hormonal cuam tshuam thaum hluas, thiab lwm yam ua rau ntuj tsim. Kev coj khaub ncaws tuaj yeem ua yuam kev vim muaj kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab sab nraud.
Nws yog ib txwm hais txog kev ncua sij hawm ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws yog tias tsis muaj kev los ntshav hauv 35 hnub. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev ncua me me hauv kev coj khaub ncaws yog suav tias yog qhov qub. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog lawv lub sijhawm tsis pub dhau kaum hnub.
Ib qho ntawm feem ntau ua rau lub sijhawm tsis tau yog cev xeeb tub. ATHauv qhov no, kev sim yuav tsum tau yuav kom paub meej. Yog tias qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob gynecologist. Nws yuav nkag siab txog cov laj thawj thiab, yog tias tsim nyog, sau cov kev kho mob uas tsim nyog.
Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj rau kev ua tsis zoo ntawm lub voj voog kev sib deev:
- mob hlwb thiab mob hlwb;
- kev puas siab puas ntsws;
- obesity;
- avitaminosis;
- kab mob sib kis;
- mob siab;
- kab mob ntawm cov kab mob hematopoietic, cov hlab ntsha lossis lub plawv;
- qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm gynecological;
- kev ua txhaum ntawm kev puberty;
- kev raug mob genitourinary;
- kab mob caj ces;
- hloov pauv hormonal uas tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas, kev ncua sij hawm ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws yog ib qho tshwm sim. Hauv thawj ob peb xyoos tom qab pib ua poj niam cev xeeb tub, cov ntxhais tsis tshua muaj lub voj voog tas li. Hauv qhov no, tsis txhob txhawj, qhov no yog ib qho tshwm sim. Nws yog vim qhov tseeb tias nyob rau lub hnub nyoog no cov keeb kwm hormonal tseem tsis ruaj khov, yog li kev nce siab hauv lub siab yuav tshwm sim, uas ua rau muaj qhov nce lossis txo qis hauv qib ntawm cov tshuaj hormones hauv cov ntshav. Thaum cov tshuaj hormones nres raging, lub voj voog tam sim ntawd stabilizes. Yog tias nws tsis ua haujlwm li ob xyoos tom qab pib kev coj khaub ncaws, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob gynecologist kom pab.
Climax
Qhov kev ncua ntawm lub sijhawm tsis tu ncua ntawm lub voj voog kev sib deev tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub. Qhov no yog characterized los ntawm extinction ntawm kev ua me nyuam. irregular lub sij hawm los yoglawv txoj kev ua tiav yog hu ua menopause.
Thaum lub sijhawm no los, feem ntau yog nyob ntawm caj ces. Kev kho mob, tshwj xeeb, kev ua haujlwm gynecological, thiab qee yam kab mob, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam. Tag nrho cov teeb meem no tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog thaum ntxov.
phase
Cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim thaum cev xeeb tub yog cov theem ntawm kev sib deev, lawv kuj hu ua theem.
Lawv sib raug rau cov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim hauv zes qe menyuam thiab endometrium, uas yog, sab hauv ntawm lub tsev menyuam hauv cov kab noj hniav.
Follicular theem
Thawj theem ntawm kev sib deev yog hu ua kev coj khaub ncaws lossis follicular. Nyob rau theem no, tus poj niam pib los ntshav los ntawm lub tsev menyuam. Qhov no tshwm sim vim qhov kev tsis lees paub ntawm cov txheej txheem endometrial, uas tau muab ntau rau cov hlab ntsha.
Kev tsis lees paub pib thaum kawg ntawm lub zes qe menyuam. Nws tshwm sim tsuas yog tias lub qe tsis tau fertilized. Qhov pib ntawm thawj theem ntawm kev sib deev los yog theem follicular ntawm zes qe menyuam yog suav tias yog thawj hnub ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws. Lub sijhawm ntawm lub sijhawm no yuav txawv, rau txhua tus poj niam nws yog tus kheej. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub dominant follicle yuav tsum thaum kawg paub tab. Qhov nruab nrab, nws yog ob lub lis piam, tab sis lub sij hawm ntawm xya mus rau 22 hnub yog suav tias yog tus qauv.
Kev coj khaub ncaws
Theem follicular thiab lub voj voog zes qe menyuampib nrog kev tso tawm ntawm gonadoliberin los ntawm hypothalamus. Nws nquag nkoos lub caj pas pituitary kom zais me me ntawm luteinizing thiab follicle-stimulating hormones. Cov no yog, feem, lutropin thiab follitropin.
Vim qhov txo qis ntawm estradiol secretion, tso tawm ntawm lutropin thiab follitropin raug txwv. Vim li ntawd, lawv qib kev kawm tseem qis.
Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm follitropin, ntau lub hauv paus pib tsim hauv zes qe menyuam ib zaug. Ntawm cov no, cov follicle tseem ceeb sawv tawm, uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov receptors rau folliculotropin. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws feem ntau intensively synthesizes estradiol. Tus so ntawm tib lub sij hawm undergo atresia, uas yog, rov qab kev loj hlob ntawm follicles nyob rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam.
Lub sijhawm dhau mus, qib ntawm estradiol hauv lub cev pib nce. Ntawm nws qhov tsis tshua muaj siab, qhov tso tawm ntawm gonadotropins raug txwv, thiab ntawm qhov siab, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nws tau txhawb nqa. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no ua rau muaj kev tso tawm tseem ceeb ntawm GnRH los ntawm hypothalamus.
Cov txiaj ntsig no tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm rau lutropin, txij li qhov siab ntawm estradiol nce qhov rhiab heev ntawm adenohypophysis hlwb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov follicles hnov mob ntau dua rau lutropin vim muaj ntau tus neeg txais cov tshuaj hormones no.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no yog kev cai ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tawm tswv yim zoo. Lub follicle tseem nce ntxiv hauv qhov loj raws nraim kom txog thaum lub ntse tso tawm ntawm lutropin pib. Qhov no txhais tau tias qhov kawg ntawm cov theem follicular.
Ovulatory theem
Theem tshiab hu ua ovulatory lossis proliferative. Nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov kawg ntawm thawj lub lim tiam ntawm lub voj voog, cov follicle tseem ceeb tau tso tawm. Nws tseem loj hlob tsis tu ncua, thiab tseem nce cov estradiol. Lub sijhawm no, cov follicles uas tseem tshuav tau rov qab txhim kho.
Lub follicle uas thaum kawg loj hlob thiab npaj rau ovulation yog kev tshawb fawb hu ua Graafian vesicle. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias lub sijhawm ovulatory tsuas kav li peb hnub xwb. Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub ntsiab tso tawm ntawm luteinizing hormone tshwm sim.
Hommon tso
Hauv ib thiab ib nrab mus rau ob hnub, ob peb nthwv dej ntawm kev tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib zaug, nws cov concentration hauv cov ntshav ntawm lub sijhawm no nce ntau. Kev tso tawm ntawm luteinizing hormone yog theem kawg ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm follicle. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws txhawb kev tsim cov enzymes proteolytic thiab prostaglandins, uas yuav tsum tau ua kom tawg cov phab ntsa ntawm cov follicle thiab tso lub qe. Qhov no yog ncaj qha cov txheej txheem ntawm ovulation.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qib ntawm estradiol hauv lub cev pib poob. Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm lub voj voog kev sib deev yog tias qee zaum nws tuaj yeem nrog ovulatory syndrome. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov mob thiab tsis xis nyob hauv lub plab, thaj tsam iliac.
Raws li txoj cai, ovulation tshwm sim hauv ib hnub tom qab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm luteinizing hormone tso tawm. Tus qauv yog lub sijhawm ntawm 16 teev mus rau ob hnub. Qhov no yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub voj voog kev sib deev.
Thaum ovulation, poj niam lub cev tso tawm 5 mus rau 10 ml ntawm follicular kua,uas muaj lub qe tsim nyog rau conception.
Secretory phase
theem ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws no tseem hu ua luteal. Qhov no yog lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm ovulation thiab pib ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws tom ntej los ntshav. Nws tseem hu ua corpus luteum theem. Tsis zoo li yav dhau los follicular theem, lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm no yog suav tias yog ntau tas li. Nws yog los ntawm 13 mus rau 14 hnub, feem ntau nws tuaj yeem ua tau ntau lossis tsawg los ntawm ob hnub.
Thaum lub graafian vesicle ruptures, nws cov phab ntsa tam sim ntawd poob tawm, thiab luteal pigment thiab lipids nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb. Vim qhov no, nws kis tau tus yam ntxwv xim daj. Tom qab kev hloov pauv, cov follicle twb hu ua corpus luteum.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lub sijhawm ntawm luteal theem nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm corpus luteum. Raws li txoj cai, nws yog kaum mus rau kaum ob hnub. Lub sijhawm no, nws zais estradiol, progesterone thiab androgens. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm nce qib ntawm progesterone thiab estrogen, txheej txheej ntawm endometrium hloov. Nws caj pas mature, pib secrete thiab proliferate. Qhov no yog ib qho qhia tseeb tias lub tsev menyuam tab tom npaj tau lub qe fertilized.
Estrogen thiab progesterone ncav cuag lawv lub ncov nyob ib ncig ntawm nruab nrab ntawm theem luteal, nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj hormones txo qis.
Yog cev xeeb tub…
Thaum lub qe tseem tsis tau fertilized, lub corpus luteum nres ua haujlwm tom qab ib ntus. Qib ntawm progesterone thiab estrogen txo. Qhov no ua rau o thiabKev hloov pauv necrotic hauv endometrium.
Vim qhov txo qis hauv qib ntawm progesterone, cov synthesis ntawm prostaglandins kuj nce. Thaum lub qe tsis fertilized, tom qab qee lub sij hawm luteolysis pib nyob rau hauv lub corpus luteum, uas yog, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem, vim nws tsis muaj peev xwm mus synthesize estradiol thiab progesterone.
Vim cov txheej txheem no, kev tso tawm ntawm lutropin thiab follitropin tsis raug txwv los ntawm dab tsi. Qhov tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj hormones no nce ntxiv, uas ua rau lub zog ntawm cov follicle tshiab. Nrog rau qhov txo qis hauv qib ntawm progesterone thiab estrogen, cov synthesis ntawm follicle-stimulating thiab luteinizing cov tshuaj hormones rov pib dua. Yog li pib lub voj voog tshiab hauv tus poj niam lub cev.
Ib qho chaw tseem ceeb hauv lub cev xeeb tub yog nyob los ntawm cov theem ntawm excitation ntawm lub voj voog kev sib deev. Muaj peb ntawm lawv tag nrho. Cov no yog excitation, inhibition thiab sib npaug. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, kev hloov pauv tshwm sim, qee qhov yooj yim rau kev pom, thaum lwm tus tsis paub txawm tias cov khoom siv roj ntsha niaj hnub no.
Nyob rau theem ntawm kev sib deev arousal nyob rau hauv poj niam lub cev, follicles mature thiab ovulation tshwm sim. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws npaj tau xeeb tub.
Thaum kev txwv tsis pub, cov cim qhia ntawm kev sib deev arousal zoo li tsis muaj zog. Tom qab ntawd los txog theem ntawm kev sib npaug, uas txuas ntxiv mus txog rau theem tshiab ntawm kev zoo siab. Thaum lub sij hawm no, tus poj niam nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau sib npaug. Qhov no yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim hauv lub cev.
