Hauv kev kho mob, muaj cov xwm txheej uas kev siv tshuaj ua rau muaj kev noj ntau dhau lossis tsis zoo los ntawm ntau lub cev thiab lub cev. Cov tshuaj Opioid tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj. Txhawm rau kom ceev lawv tshem tawm ntawm lub cev, cov kws kho mob siv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Cov tshuaj "Naloxone" yog ib qho tshuaj uas pab kho qhov teeb meem nrog kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau ntawm opioid analgesics. Nws yog dab tsi thiab dab tsi yog qhov mechanism ntawm nws qhov kev txiav txim? Wb sim to taub cov teeb meem no.
Tshuaj piav qhia, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov ntawv
Cov tshuaj "Naloxone" cov lus qhia rau kev siv yog hais txog tus opioid receptor antagonist. Nws active ingredient yog naloxone hydrochloride. Cov ntaub ntawv noj tshuaj uas tuaj yeem pom hauv khw muag tshuaj tsis muaj ntau haiv neeg, cov no yog cov tshuaj txhaj tshuaj thiab ntsiav tshuaj. Cov yav tas yog tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob xyaum. Daim ntawv ua kua rau intravenous los yog intramuscular txhajintroductions, ntawm qhov tsis tooj, yog heev xav tau. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, ntxiv rau cov tshuaj nquag, suav nrog cov txheej txheem pabcuam: sodium chloride, dej huv, organic acids thiab ntsev.
Naloxone tshuaj yog tsim nyob rau hauv pob tshab iav ampoules nrog ib tug ntim ntawm 1 ml txhua. Qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj nquag hauv ib koob yog 0.4 mg.
Qhov kev npaj tau ntim rau hauv cov hlwv ua los ntawm cov kua roj vanish pob tshab yas nrog lossis tsis muaj txhuas ntawv ci ntsaws. Txhua pob muaj 5 ampoules.
1 lossis 2 pob khoom ntim tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv ntawv nrog rau cov lus qhia rau kev siv tshuaj thiab ib qho ampoule scarifier. Yog hais tias lub ampoules tau nruab nrog lub nplhaib tshwj xeeb lossis qhov chaw tawg, cov riam qhib lawv tsis muab tso rau hauv lub thawv.
Mechanism of action of Naloxone
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, cov tshuaj "Naloxone" cov lus qhia rau kev siv xa mus rau opioid receptor antagonists. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov tshuaj no muaj peev xwm los thaiv cov receptors, yog li tshem tawm cov kev cuam tshuam hauv nruab nrab thiab sab hauv ntawm cov tebchaw los ntawm pawg opioid. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj, thaum siv, tuaj yeem ua rau tshem tawm cov tsos mob hauv cov neeg mob uas siv tshuaj.
Thaum siv cov tshuaj Naloxone, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txiav txim uas tau piav qhia saum toj no, cov nyhuv tshwm sim hauv lub sijhawm luv luv. Nrog rau kev txhaj tshuaj, cov tshuaj pib ua tom qab 1-2 feeb, nrog kev txhaj tshuaj intramuscular tom qab 5 feeb. Lub sij hawm ntawm cov nyhuv kho kuj yognyob ntawm txoj kev qhia txog kev daws teeb meem. Yog tias cov tshuaj tau txhaj rau hauv cov leeg, cov tshuaj ua haujlwm li ntawm 45 feeb, thiab rau kev txhaj tshuaj txhaj tshuaj - tsawg kawg 4 teev.
Cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau siv cov tshuaj Naloxone los kho cov neeg mob. Cov ntsiav tshuaj, tsis zoo li nws, tsis muaj zog thiab luv luv.
Cov tshuaj nquag ntawm cov tshuaj lov ua metabolites hauv daim siab. Nws ib nrab-lub neej yog luv, tsuas yog 30-80 feeb. 70% ntawm cov tshuaj Naloxone raug tso tawm los ntawm ob lub raum hauv 3 hnub.
Qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj "Naloxone" yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem tsim kev vam khom rau nws.
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv
Thaum twg Naloxone pom zoo? Cov lus qhia rau kev siv cov tshuaj muaj cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov xwm txheej uas nws siv tau zoo heev. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws tau muab rau cov neeg mob tom qab kev phais mob. Kev siv cov tshuaj "Naloxone" (analogues kuj tau siv feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm postoperative) nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav pab kom sai sai coj tus neeg mob tawm ntawm lub xeev ntawm cov tshuaj induced pw tsaug zog. Cov tshuaj "Naloxone" kuj yog siv los tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm ethanol lom, overdose ntawm analgesics, barbiturates thiab benzodiazepines.
Ntau zaus nws siv kuj raug cai nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev yug me nyuam nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob uas opioid analgesics tau qhia rau leej niam thaum yug me nyuam. Raws li txoj cai, cov menyuam yaus no ua pa nyuaj rau lawv tus kheej. Cov tshuaj "Naloxone" tshem tawm lawv thiab pab ua kom lub ntsws ua pa.muaj nuj nqi. Cov tshuaj feem ntau yog siv los ua cov cuab yeej kuaj mob rau qhov xav tias muaj kev quav yeeb tshuaj hauv tus neeg mob.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tib qho xwm txheej rau kev siv cov tshuaj no yog cov lus qhia nruj. Tias yog vim li cas hauv kev kho mob nws yog siv nruj me ntsis los ntawm cov tshuaj thiab nyob rau hauv nws kev saib xyuas.
YContraindications
Ntawm cov contraindications rau kev siv cov tshuaj "Naloxone" cov lus qhia rau kev siv hais txog cov nram qab no mob thiab kab mob:
- hypersensitivity rau cov tshuaj nquag lossis ib yam ntawm cov tshuaj;
- kab mob plawv (organic);
- mob siab thiab mob raum;
- lub cev dependence ntawm opioid analgesics.
Nrog ceev faj, cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau muab rau cov poj niam cev xeeb tub uas muaj kev quav yeeb tshuaj, vim tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tsos mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev qhia txog cov tshuaj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau tus menyuam hauv plab. Tib yam siv rau hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab uas nws niam tau siv tshuaj opioids thaum cev xeeb tub.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsum dhau qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem hauv tus neeg mob. Peb ceeb toom rau koj tias tsuas yog kev tso tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj "Naloxone" yog siv. Daim ntawv tshuaj sau rau hauv daim ntawv uas tsim nyog los ntawm tus kws kho mob uas tuaj koom qhia tias tus neeg mob tsis muaj contraindications loj rau kev siv cov tshuaj no.
Txoj kev thov thiab ntau npaum li cas
Qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj hwm yog txiav txim los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb raws li tus neeg mob tam sim no. Nov yog cov kev kho mob uas feem ntau lees txais nrog cov tshuaj Naloxone.
Kev noj tshuaj ntau dhau ntawm cov tshuaj analgesic hauv cov neeg laus yuav tsum tau noj 0.4 mus rau 2 mg ntawm cov tshuaj (1-4 ampoules) hauv cov hlab ntsha lossis intramuscularly. Ib koob tshuaj ib zaug rau cov menyuam yog xam raws li lub cev hnyav, nws yog 0.005-0.01 mg / kg.
Txhawm rau tshem tus neeg mob los ntawm kev pw tsaug zog kho mob (thaum lub sijhawm tom qab phais), cov tshuaj tau muab tso rau hauv cov tshuaj hauv qab no: cov neeg laus ntawm koob tshuaj 0.1 mg, tom qab ntawd rov ua haujlwm kom txog thaum ua pa rov ua pa, cov menyuam yaus - 0.01. mg / kg ntawm lub cev hnyav txog qhov ua pa rov zoo.
Rau cov menyuam yug tshiab, cov tshuaj yog muab tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, intramuscularly lossis percussion hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 0.1 mg / kg ntawm lub cev hnyav ib zaug.
Yog tias tsim nyog los kuaj xyuas kev quav yeeb tshuaj, cov tshuaj tau muab tso rau hauv cov koob tshuaj ntawm 0.08 mg.
kev tawm tsam tsis zoo
Ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev siv Naloxone, cov lus qhia hais txog cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- xeev siab, tejzaum nws ntuav;
- nce ntshav siab;
- lub plawv dhia tsis zoo;
- tshee thiab tshee;
- tawm hws ntau dhau.
Nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj opioid dependence, kev siv cov tshuaj yuav ua rau raws plab, mob ntawm lub zos tsis meej pem, o ntawm lub qhov ntswg mucosa, xav tias nkees heev, ua daus no, plab thiab plab hnyuv cramps. Hais txog phenomenaraug suav hais tias yog qhov raug rau kev tshem tawm tshuaj. Lawv hla dhau ob peb kaum feeb.
Analogues ntawm cov tshuaj "Naloxone"
Puas tuaj yeem hloov cov tshuaj "Naloxone" nrog cov tshuaj zoo sib xws? Analogues ntawm cov cuab yeej no muaj tsawg hnub no. Cov no suav nrog cov tshuaj Narcan, N altrexone, Cyclozocin thiab Narcantin. Lawv cov khoom siv tshuaj, kev qhia thiab contraindications zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj Naloxone thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj. Tias yog vim li cas lawv tsis pom zoo rau cov neeg mob uas ua xua rau cov tshuaj xws li naloxone hydrochloride.
Txawm li cas los xij, lawv kuj muaj lawv qhov zoo. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj N altrexone muaj lub sijhawm ntev ntawm kev ua haujlwm (txog 24 teev) thiab muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj lossis tshuaj ntsiav rau kev tswj qhov ncauj. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau coding los ntawm kev quav yeeb tshuaj los ntawm kev xaws ib lub tshuaj ntsiav nrog cov tshuaj hauv qab ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Reviews about tshuaj
Naloxone muaj lub koob npe nrov ntawm cov kws kho mob. Raws li lawv, nws yuav pab cawm tau ntau tus neeg mob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev huam yuaj los yog txhob txwm overdose ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm pab pawg neeg ntawm analgesics thiab / los yog opioids. Txawm hais tias muaj contraindications thiab muaj ntau cov kev phiv, cov tshuaj yog suav hais tias kuj muaj kev nyab xeeb siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog nrog nws cov kev pab uas zais quav tshuaj yeeb tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
