Ntshav agglutination yog Hom ntshav thiab cov tshuaj agglutination

Cov txheej txheem:

Ntshav agglutination yog Hom ntshav thiab cov tshuaj agglutination
Ntshav agglutination yog Hom ntshav thiab cov tshuaj agglutination

Video: Ntshav agglutination yog Hom ntshav thiab cov tshuaj agglutination

Video: Ntshav agglutination yog Hom ntshav thiab cov tshuaj agglutination
Video: Baby how to treat allergic rhinitis and flu 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Ntshav agglutination yog agglutination thiab sedimentation ntawm cov qe ntshav liab, cov kab mob thiab lwm cov hlwb uas nqa antigens.

Ntshav agglutination
Ntshav agglutination

txheej txheem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm agglutinins, uas yog cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb. Lectins lossis tshuaj tiv thaiv ua haujlwm ua cov tshuaj no.

Yuav ua tau hom agglutination thaum txiav txim siab pawg ntshav

Agglutination yog qhov tshwj xeeb thiab tsis yog tshwj xeeb. Hauv thawj kis, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim nrog kev koom tes ntawm peb yam:

  • antigens;
  • antibodies;
  • electrolytes (siv isotonic tov).

Txhua yam ua tau ntawm agglutination yog siv thaum txiav txim siab pawg ntshav, tab sis qhov no tsis yog tib qho xwb.

Yuav siv li cas?

Kev kuaj ntshav agglutination yog siv los txheeb xyuas tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm tus kabmob kis. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws settles, thiab nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus ntes nws nyob rau hauv sediment. Cov txheej txheem no yog siv, raws li tau hais los saum no, hauv kev txiav txim siab hom ntshav. Nov yog qhov peb yuav tham ntxiv.

Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv?

Erythrocytes muaj hom A thiab B antigenskhi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab β, feem. Cov ntshav pab pawg thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv agglutination:

  • 1,0 (ά, β) - tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm qhov chaw ntawm erythrocytes;
  • 2, A (β) - antigen A thiab antibody β tam sim no;
  • 3, B (ά) - muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv B thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
  • 4, AB (00) – ob tug antigens tam sim no, tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias antigens twb tau pom nyob rau hauv lub embryo. Raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lawv tshwm sim tom qab yug me nyuam, thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej.

Kev sib raug zoo ntawm tib neeg nyob ntawm hom ntshav. Qhov no yog vim li cas rau qhov tsis lees paub ntawm fetus los ntawm leej niam lub cev. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov ntshav antigens ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab. Hauv qhov no, kev tsis sib haum xeeb tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, hom ntshav yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum hloov pauv.

Kev npaj

pab pawg ntshav thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv agglutination yog cov ntsiab lus sib xws uas feem ntau siv hauv tshuaj.

cov ntshav pab pawg thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv agglutination
cov ntshav pab pawg thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv agglutination

Ua ntej qhov kev xeem, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li cov lus qhia. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tsis txhob siv qee yam khoom noj thiab tshuaj ib ntus. Qhov no yuav pab ua kom cov txiaj ntsig raug ntau dua. Cov lus pom zoo kom ua raws li tus kws kho mob tau sau tseg. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov chaw soj ntsuam sib txawv yuav tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tau txais txiaj ntsig, uas yog, lawv txawv me ntsis.

Test conditions

Yuav kom cov ntshav txiav txim kom raug, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv cov cuab yeej zoo. Cov no suav nrog:

  • saline thiab pipette;
  • iav rods;
  • standard isohemagglutinating sera;
  • qhuav av nplaum daim hlau uas muab faib ua 4 ntu.

Muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov xwm txheej ntawm kev xeem:

  • hnub;
  • chaw kub siab tshaj +16 ˚С;
  • siv cov ntshav thiab cov ntshav ntim hauv qhov piv ntawm 1:10;
  • Cov txiaj ntsig ntseeg tau hauv 5 feeb.

Cov saum toj no yog cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb thiab cov cuab yeej. Ntshav agglutination tuaj yeem ua tau ntau txoj hauv kev, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv ua rau tus kheej xav tau.

Methods

Muaj peev xwm los txiav txim siab pab pawg ntshav siv agglutination:

  • qauv qauv;
  • kev sib cav;
  • siv tsoliclones;
  • qhia txoj kev siv "Erythrotest-Groupcard" teeb.

qauv qauv

Ntshav agglutination yog tshwm sim los ntawm tus neeg mob cov qe ntshav liab. Standard sera kuj siv, uas muaj cov paub antigens.

ua tau hom agglutination hauv kev txiav txim siab pawg ntshav
ua tau hom agglutination hauv kev txiav txim siab pawg ntshav

Ib tee ntawm plaub cov ntshav yog muab tso rau ntawm lub phaj tiaj tus. Tom qab ntawd, siv cov iav rods, tus neeg mob cov ntshav mus kuaj tau nkag mus rau nws. Hauv qhov no, nws yooj yim siv eyedroppers. Qhov ratio yuav tsum yog 1:10. Ntshav thiab ntshav yog maj mam sib xyaw. Kev ntsuam xyuas tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv tsib feeb.

Kev ntsuas cov qhab nia nrog ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim

Tom qab lub sijhawm teev tsegnyob rau hauv tee ntawm serum enlightenment yog pom. Hauv qee qhov, koj tuaj yeem pom tias erythrocyte agglutination tau tshwm sim (flakes me), hauv lwm tus nws tsis tuaj.

Cov kev xaiv hauv qab no muaj:

  • tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv txhua qhov kuaj ntshav - 1 pawg;
  • kab mob tshwm sim txhua qhov tshwj tsis yog cov qauv thib 2 - pab pawg 2;
  • tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tsuas yog hauv tus qauv thib 3 - pawg thib 3;
  • agglutination tshwm sim nyob txhua qhov chaw - pab pawg 4.
ntshav agglutination tshuaj tiv thaiv
ntshav agglutination tshuaj tiv thaiv

Yog li, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom faib cov ntshav kom zoo. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsis yooj yim rau decipher qhov tshwm sim. Yog tias ntshav agglutination tsis muaj zog, nws raug nquahu kom rov kuaj dua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov flakes me me, lawv raug soj ntsuam nyob rau hauv ib lub microscope.

Cross Reaction

Qee zaum nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab hom ntshav kom raug raws li qhov yooj yim. Agglutination nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog nqa tawm siv txoj kev cross-reaction. Tsis zoo li thawj qhov kev sim, tus qauv erythrocytes tseem ceeb ntawm no. Tus neeg mob cov ntshav tau sau rau hauv lub raj tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, centrifuged, thiab tom qab ntawd cov ntshav ntws tawm nrog lub pipette rau kev tshawb fawb ntxiv.

Ntshav pawg agglutination
Ntshav pawg agglutination

Nws muab tso rau ntawm ib lub phaj hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 2 tee, ces cov qe ntshav liab ntawm pawg A thiab B ntxiv rau nws. Cov ntsiab lus yog nplawm los ntawm kev co lub thawv.

Kev tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev sib cuam tshuam

Tom qab tsib feeb, cov qauv npaj tau los tshuaj xyuas. Cov kev xaiv yog:

  • gluing tshwm sim hauv ob lub tee - 1 pawg;
  • flakes tsis yogpom nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov qauv - pawg 4;
  • cov txheej txheem pom hauv ib qho qauv - 2 lossis 3 pawg (nyob ntawm seb cov ntshav txhaws qhov twg tiag tiag).

Coliclon method

txhawm rau txiav txim siab hom ntshav, agglutination nyob rau hauv txoj kev no yog ua los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv hluavtaws hloov pauv. Lawv hu ua tsoliklones. Lawv muaj cov khoom siv hloov pauv rau ά thiab β-agglutins hu ua erythrotests (liab liab thiab xiav, feem). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim ntawm lawv thiab cov neeg mob cov ntshav liab.

Txoj kev no yog qhov tseeb tshaj plaws thiab ntseeg tau. Yeej, nws tsis tas yuav rov kuaj dua. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau ua tiav ib yam nkaus li nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem txheej txheem. Qhov peculiarity yog tias plaub hom ntshav yuav tsum tau lees paub los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog ib qho kev hloov pauv tshwj xeeb (anti-AB). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis pom tias ua raws li cov tshuaj sodium chloride ntxiv.

Express-txoj kev nrog ib txheej ntawm "Erythrotest-pab pawg"

Xav txog txoj hauv kev uas muaj peev xwm los soj ntsuam hauv kev txiav txim siab hom ntshav, nws tsim nyog sau cia tias txoj kev no muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Lawv dag nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem ntsuas tsis tau tsuas yog hauv chav kuaj, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv daim teb. Rau kev kawm, ib qho tshwj xeeb yog siv. Nws suav nrog ib daim npav zoo nrog cov tshuaj ua kom qhuav uas twb muaj nyob hauv qab. Ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv AB, tiv thaiv-A thiab tiv thaiv-B, anti-D yog siv los txiav txim siab Rh yam.

ntshav typing agglutination
ntshav typing agglutination

Txoj kev no tsis tas yuav npaj tshwj xeeb, nws raug tso cai siv cov ntshav los ntawm tus ntiv tes, muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv nws tau tso cai. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv ib tee dej rau txhua qhov dej kom yaj cov khoom xyaw. Tom qab ntawd, cov ntshav yog ntxiv, me ntsis stirred. Hauv peb feeb, cov txiaj ntsig yuav tau txais.

False agglutination

Qee zaum cov ntaub ntawv tau txais tom qab qhov kev sim tsis muaj tseeb. Qhov tshwm sim no nyob ntawm qee yam.

Muaj peb hom kev tawm tsam cuav:

  1. Pseudoagglutination. Kev sib raug zoo tiag tiag tsis tshwm sim, erythrocytes tsuas yog quav hauv daim ntawv npib txhua. Yog hais tias koj ntxiv ob peb tee ntawm saline, lawv disintegrate. Ib qho tshwm sim zoo sib xws tau lees paub hauv lub tshuab ntsuas.
  2. Coj agglutination ntshav. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no tau pom yog tias cov xwm txheej rau kev kawm tsis zoo. Thaum qhov kub qis dua +16˚C, kev sib txuas yuav tshwm sim.
  3. Panaagglutination. Yog tias muaj kab mob hauv cov ntshav, cov txiaj ntsig kev kuaj yuav tsis raug. Qhov tshwm sim no kuj tseem tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob oncological, nrog sepsis.
Txias agglutination ntawm cov ntshav
Txias agglutination ntawm cov ntshav

Agglutination tseem ceeb heev hauv tshuaj. Nws tso cai rau tsis yog tsuas yog txiav txim siab cov ntshav, tab sis kuj txheeb xyuas tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov kab mob, nrog rau kev muaj kab mob. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog ua raws li cov lus pom zoo ntawm tus kws kho mob thaum npaj rau cov txheej txheem no. Hais txog cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob, lawv txoj haujlwm yog los tsim kom muaj kev pom zoo thiabua raws txhua txoj cai. Nov yog tib txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig raug thaum ua cov ntshav agglutination.

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