Kub: theem, tsos mob, ua rau, kho

Cov txheej txheem:

Kub: theem, tsos mob, ua rau, kho
Kub: theem, tsos mob, ua rau, kho

Video: Kub: theem, tsos mob, ua rau, kho

Video: Kub: theem, tsos mob, ua rau, kho
Video: Overview of Syncopal Disorders 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

ua npaws yog dab tsi? Cov theem ntawm tus mob no, ua rau thiab cov tsos mob yuav tham hauv qab no. Peb kuj yuav qhia koj txog yuav kho tus kab mob li cas.

theem ua npaws
theem ua npaws

Definition of medical term

Cov txheej txheem tsis muaj kab mob tshwj xeeb, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev nce ib ntus hauv lub cev kub vim qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv ntawm cov txheej txheem thermoregulatory nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm pyrogens (uas yog, cov ntsiab lus ua rau kub taub hau), hu ua kub taub hau. Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, nws ntseeg tau hais tias xws li ib tug mob tshwm sim raws li ib tug tiv thaiv thiab adaptive cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ib tug neeg los yog tsiaj mus rau ib tug kab mob. Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ua npaws, cov theem uas yuav tau teev nyob rau hauv qab no, yog nrog tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm ib tug nce nyob rau hauv lub cev kub, tab sis kuj los ntawm lwm yam phenomena yam ntxwv ntawm tus kab mob.

Lub ntsiab ntawm tus mob febrile

Nws tsis yog qhov zais cia uas muaj ntau yam kab mob sib kis thiab kab mob kis tau los ntawm kev nce hauv tus neeg mob lub cev kub. Ntxiv mus, ua ntej tag nrho cov kab mob uas tshwm sim hauv txoj kev no hu ua kub taub hau. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij tau sib cav tias hauv kev nkag siab txog kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no, tus mob no tsis yog kab mob. Tab sis, txawm qhov no, hauv qee lub npe nosologicalunits cov ntsiab lus tseem muaj tam sim no (piv txwv li, Ebola hemorrhagic fever, pappatachi fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, etc.).

Vim li cas qhov kub thiab txias nce nrog qee yam kab mob? Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua npaws yog tias cov khoom siv thermoregulatory ntawm tib neeg thiab siab dua homoiothermic tsiaj teb rau cov tshuaj hu ua pyrogens. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov no, muaj kev hloov pauv ib ntus hauv qhov teeb tsa ntawm homeostasis (kub) mus rau qib siab dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov txheej txheem ntawm thermoregulation yog khaws cia. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm hyperthermia thiab kub taub hau.

Ua npaws

Vim li cas qhov kub thiab txias hauv tib neeg lossis tsiaj? Muaj ntau yam laj thawj rau kev txhim kho kub taub hau. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau yog:

  1. Microbes, kis kab mob kab mob, kab mob cab. Lawv cov khoom pov tseg thiab cov khoom pov thawj yog cov tshuaj pyrogen-tshuaj lom neeg uas ua rau lub chaw thermoregulatory.
  2. Tsis txhob kis kab mob. Ntawm lawv, exogenous proteins yog txawv: tshuaj tiv thaiv, sera, nab venom, transfused ntshav, thiab hais txog. Qhov no kuj suav nrog cov proteins ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob, uas tau hloov pauv lawv cov khoom raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub hnyiab, raug mob, qog nqaij hlav, hemorrhage hauv cov ntaub so ntswg.
cov txheej txheem pathological
cov txheej txheem pathological

Lwm yam ua rau mob febrile

Vim li cas ua npaws tshwm sim? Cov kab mob uas ua rau muaj qhov nce hauv lub cev kub tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob hauv kev ua txhaum ntawm cov nroj tsuag.ua haujlwm hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas, menyuam yaus thiab cov ntxhais hluas (piv txwv li nrog thermoneurosis). Ua npaws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov hauv qab no:

  • Noj tej yam tshuaj. Cov kws tshaj lij hais tias ntau cov tshuaj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub chaw thermoregulatory, ua rau lub cev kub nce me ntsis.
  • Hereditary disorder nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm thermoregulation. Piv txwv li, qee cov me nyuam noj qab nyob zoo twb yug los nrog qhov kub ntawm 37.2-37.4 degrees. Rau lawv, lub xeev no yog tus qauv.
  • Subfebrile kub feem ntau tshwm sim vim overheating, kev ua lub cev tsis tu ncua, nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw khov thiab kub heev.
  • Kev ntxhov siab ntau dhau thiab cov xwm txheej ntxhov siab feem ntau nrog los ntawm kev nce hauv cov cua sov thiab ua kom lub hypothalamus, uas ua rau qhov pib kub taub hau.
  • Qhov nce hauv cov tshuaj hormone progesterone hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub kuj ua rau kub nce me ntsis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lwm cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob lossis kis kab mob tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav. Lub xeev no tuaj yeem khaws cia kom txog thaum kawg ntawm thawj peb lub hlis twg. Txawm li cas los xij, rau qee qhov kev sib deev ncaj ncees, subfebrile kub nrog yuav luag tag nrho lub cev xeeb tub.
kab mob kis
kab mob kis

YPyrogens yog dab tsi?

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, cov kab mob sib kis thiab kis kab mob feem ntau ua rau muaj qhov nce hauv lub cev kub. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm pyrogens. Nws yog cov tshuaj no nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm sab nraud los yog tsim sab hauv uas ua rau kub taub hau. Feem ntau exogenouspyrogens yog cov khoom ntawm cov kab mob sib kis. Qhov muaj zog tshaj ntawm cov no yog thermostable capsular lipopolysaccharides ntawm cov kab mob (gram-negative). Cov tshuaj no ua tsis ncaj. Lawv pab txhawb rau kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov teeb tsa hauv qhov chaw thermoregulatory ntawm hypothalamus. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov keeb kwm leukocyte, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lwm cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob. Lub hauv paus ntawm pyrogens yog cov hlwb ntawm tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, nrog rau granulocytes.

Fever: Theem

Thaum ua npaws, muaj peb theem tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv thawj - ib tug neeg kub nce, nyob rau hauv lub thib ob - nws yog tuav rau ib co sij hawm, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib peb - nws maj mam txo, mus txog rau thawj zaug. Txog yuav ua li cas cov txheej txheem pathological tshwm sim, thiab cov tsos mob dab tsi tshwm sim hauv lawv, peb yuav piav qhia ntxiv.

kub 35
kub 35

Rise in kub

Thawj theem ntawm kub taub hau yog cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov kho ntawm cov thermoregulation, vim tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pib ua rau ntau tshaj qhov kub hloov pauv. Qhov kev txwv ntawm qhov kawg tshwm sim vim qhov txo qis ntawm cov ntshav sov rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg thiab nqaim ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv qhov periphery. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no yog spasm ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nrog rau kev tso tawm hws nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub paj hlwb sympathetic. Cov tsos mob ntawm kub taub hau nyob rau hauv thawj theem yog raws li nram no: blanching ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab ib tug txo nyob rau hauv nws qhov kub thiab txias, raws li zoo raws li txwv tsis pub hloov tshav kub vim hluav taws xob. Txo cov hws ntau tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov los ntawm evaporation.

Kev cog lus ntawm cov leeg nqaij ua rau pom qhov tshwm simgoose bumps nyob rau hauv tib neeg thiab ruffled fur nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj. Cov kev xav ntawm qhov txias txias yog txuam nrog kev txo qis ntawm daim tawv nqaij kub, nrog rau kev ua xua ntawm cov thermoreceptors txias nyob rau ntawm integument. Los ntawm lawv, lub teeb liab nkag mus rau hauv hypothalamus, uas yog ib qho chaw sib koom ua ke ntawm thermoregulation. Tom qab ntawd, nws qhia lub hlwb cortex txog qhov xwm txheej uas ib tug neeg tus cwj pwm tsim: nws pib qhwv nws tus kheej, coj tus cwj pwm tsim nyog, thiab lwm yam. Ib qho kev txo qis hauv qhov kub ntawm daim tawv nqaij kuj piav qhia txog tib neeg cov leeg nqaij. Nws yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua kom lub shiver center, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub medulla oblongata thiab midbrain.

ntsuas kub

theem thib ob ntawm kub taub hau pib tom qab mus txog qhov teeb tsa. Nws tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ob peb teev lossis hnub, thiab ntev. Hauv qhov no, hloov hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob ntau lawm sib npaug. Tsis muaj qhov nce ntxiv hauv lub cev kub.

vim li cas qhov kub thiab txias
vim li cas qhov kub thiab txias

Cov hlab ntsha ntawm daim tawv nqaij dilate nyob rau theem thib ob. Lawv pallor kuj ploj mus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov npog yuav kub rau qhov kov, thiab txias thiab trembling ploj mus. Ib tug neeg nyob rau theem no tau ua npaws. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, qhov kub thiab txias hloov txhua hnub nyob twj ywm, tab sis lawv amplitude yog heev sharply siab dua li qub.

Nyob ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm lub cev, ua npaws nyob rau theem thib ob tau muab faib ua hom:

  • subfebrile kub - txog 38 degrees;
  • kub kub - mus txog 38.5;
  • febrile lossis nruab nrab - txog 39 degrees;
  • pyretic los yogkub siab - mus txog 41;
  • hyperpyretic lossis ntau dhau - tshaj 41 degrees.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias ua npaws hyperpyretic txaus ntshai heev rau tib neeg lub neej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yaus.

Kub poob

Kev txo qis hauv lub cev kub tuaj yeem ua sai lossis maj mam. Qhov kev ua npaws no pib tom qab kev qaug zog ntawm cov khoom siv pyrogens lossis kev tso tseg ntawm lawv cov kev tsim nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntuj lossis tshuaj. Thaum qhov kub thiab txias poob, qhov chaw teeb tsa mus txog qhov qub. Qhov no ua rau vasodilation ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov cua kub dhau los pib maj mam tshem tawm. Ib tug neeg muaj hws tawm hws ntau, ua pa tawm thiab diuresis. Lub tshav kub hloov mus rau theem thib peb ntawm kub taub hau sharply tshaj qhov kub ntau lawm.

ua npaws thib ob
ua npaws thib ob

Type of fevers

Raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov ntsuas kub txhua hnub ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev, kub taub hau tau muab faib ua ob peb hom:

  • Qhov ntsuas kub tsis tu ncua ntev thiab tsis tu ncua, qhov hloov pauv txhua hnub uas tsis tshaj 1 degree.
  • Remitting - pom kev hloov pauv txhua hnub tuaj yeem nyob hauv 1.5-2 degrees. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov kub tsis ncav cuag tus lej ib txwm.
  • Sib Nqus - qhov no pathology yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias nce sai. Nws kav ntev li ob peb teev, tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov los ntawm kev poob sai sai rau qhov muaj nuj nqis.
  • Kev qaug zog lossis ntxhov siab - nrog rau hom no, kev hloov pauv txhua hnub tuaj yeem ncav cuag 3-5 degrees. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev nce siab nrog kev poob sai yog rov ua ob peb zaug hauv ib hnub.
  • Perverse - qhov kub taub hau no tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm circadian atherosclerosis nrog kev nce siab thaum sawv ntxov.
  • Ua txhaum - tus yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov hloov pauv hauv lub cev kub txhua hnub yam tsis muaj tus qauv meej.
  • Rov qab - nrog rau hom no, lub sijhawm nce lub cev kub hloov nrog lub sijhawm ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ib txwm muaj, uas kav ntev li ob peb hnub.

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov ntsuas kub - 35 degrees - tsis ua rau pom kub taub hau. Yuav kom paub seb yog vim li cas rau tus mob no, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob.

Cov tsos mob ua npaws ntau

Qhov kub qis (35 degrees) tsis ua rau kub taub hau, vim tias nws muaj qhov nce siab tshaj 37 degrees. Cov cim qhia ntawm tus mob pathological yog:

  • xav nqhis;
  • ntsej muag liab;
  • ua pa nrawm;
  • mob pob txha, mob taub hau, lub siab tsis zoo;
  • kev tshaib plab;
  • ua daus no, tshee, profuse tawm hws;
  • delirium thiab tsis meej pem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg mob laus;
  • chim thiab quaj hauv menyuam yaus.
thawj theem ua npaws
thawj theem ua npaws

Nws kuj yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qee zaum qhov kub thiab txias tuaj yeem ua rau o thiab mob hauv pob qij txha, pob liab liab thiab cov pob liab liab tsaus. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum sab laj nrog kws kho mob tam sim.

Kev kho mob

Yuav ua li cas thiaj tshem tau lub xeev xws liua npaws, cov theem uas tau teev saum toj no? Yuav pib nrog, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum tsim kom muaj qhov ua rau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm lub cev, thiab tom qab ntawd sau cov kev kho kom tsim nyog. Yog tias xav tau, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem xa tus neeg mob mus kuaj ntxiv. Yog tias xav tias muaj kab mob hnyav, tus kws kho mob pom zoo kom mus pw hauv tsev kho mob rau tus neeg mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau tshem tawm ua npaws, tus neeg mob tau qhia kom saib xyuas lub txaj so. Tib lub sijhawm, txwv tsis pub hnav khaub ncaws sov so.

Tus neeg mob yuav tsum haus dej kom ntau. Raws li rau cov zaub mov, nws tau pom lub teeb thiab zoo digestible zaub mov. Lub cev kub yuav tsum ntsuas txhua 4-6 teev. Yog tias tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem noj tshuaj antipyretic. Tab sis qhov no tsuas yog yog tias tus neeg mob tau mob taub hau hnyav, thiab qhov ntsuas kub ntau dua 38 degrees kuj tseem pom. Txhawm rau txhim kho tus neeg mob tus mob, nws raug nquahu kom siv Paracetamol. Ua ntej noj cov tshuaj no, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo kawm cov lus qhia. Yog tias tus me nyuam kub taub hau, nws raug txwv tsis pub muab acetylsalicylic acid. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm Reye's syndrome. Qhov no yog ib qho mob hnyav heev, ua rau coma lossis tuag taus. Hloov chaw, cov tshuaj raws li paracetamol tau pom zoo rau cov menyuam yaus los txo qhov kub taub hau: Efferalgan, Panadol, Kalpol thiab Tylenol.

Pom zoo: