Plab hnyuv biopsy: kev npaj, indications thiab contraindications. Kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv dab tsi qhia tau?

Cov txheej txheem:

Plab hnyuv biopsy: kev npaj, indications thiab contraindications. Kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv dab tsi qhia tau?
Plab hnyuv biopsy: kev npaj, indications thiab contraindications. Kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv dab tsi qhia tau?

Video: Plab hnyuv biopsy: kev npaj, indications thiab contraindications. Kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv dab tsi qhia tau?

Video: Plab hnyuv biopsy: kev npaj, indications thiab contraindications. Kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv dab tsi qhia tau?
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Teeb meem digestive tuaj yeem tshwm sim sib npaug ntawm tus neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus. Feem ntau, kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv plab yog siv sijhawm thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyuaj, nyob ntawm qhov kev kuaj mob. Nws yog rau kev kuaj mob uas yuav tsum tau kuaj biopsy. Cov txheej txheem no yog ib txoj hauv kev kuaj mob, yog li nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ua rau muaj kev ntshai lossis ntshai.

Kev kuaj ntshav yog dab tsi?

Txhais los ntawm Greek, lo lus "biopsy" (muaj ob ntu) txhais tau tias "nyob, cov ntaub so ntswg nyob", "kev kuaj", uas yog, kev kuaj mob (kev kuaj mob) ntawm kev ua neej, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txoj hnyuv. biopsy - ntaub so ntswg.

Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv biopsy
Kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov khoom siv biopsy

txheej txheem no suav nrog kev noj cov ntaub so ntswg me me, piv txwv rau kev kuaj mob.

Biopsy ncaj qha rauLwm cov txheej txheem rau kev kuaj xyuas cov hnyuv, xws li gastroscopy, colonoscopy, colposcopy, uas yog ua los ntawm kev sojntsuam.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm hom kev kuaj ntshav no

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv yog txhawm rau kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb thaum lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis tau qhia (txawm tias kev siv cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no tsis tuaj yeem lav qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov ua rau tus neeg mob).

Zoo li no. Thaum lub sij hawm gastroscopy, polyp formations tau kuaj pom, tab sis lawv qhov xwm txheej tsuas yog txiav txim tau los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub tshuab tsom. Kev kuaj mob biopsy tso cai rau koj kuaj cov ntaub so ntswg.

Kev npaj rau kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv
Kev npaj rau kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv

Ib daim ntaub so ntswg coj mus rau hauv lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog hu ua biopsy. Nws txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txwv tsis pub muaj mob qog noj ntshav, txiav txim siab qhov muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory, thiab lwm yam.

Kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv dab tsi tshwm sim?

Cov txheej txheem tso cai rau kuaj pom cov kab mob hauv qab no:

  • mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab.
  • Ntaus amyloidosis (protein metabolism tsis meej).
  • Crohn's disease (mob ntev ntawm lub plab zom mov nrog ulceration thiab caws pliav).
  • Ulcerative colitis.
  • Polypos.
  • YGluten intolerance.
  • kab mob Whipple (nutrient malabsorption).
  • Autoimmune (tsis yog tshwj xeeb inflammatory) kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov.
  • Acanthocytosis (ua tsis taus pa thiab thauj cov rog hauvRaws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm erythrocyte pathology).
  • Cov kab mob plab hnyuv (cov tsos mob thiab kev kho mob hauv cov neeg laus nws txawv ntawm hom, feem ntau pseudomembranous thiab lwm yam).
Yuav siv sij hawm ntev npaum li cas ntawm lub plab hnyuv biopsy?
Yuav siv sij hawm ntev npaum li cas ntawm lub plab hnyuv biopsy?

Type of biopsies

Cov txheej txheem no yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb qhov kev kuaj ntshav li cas:

  • incisional - ua thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm txoj hnyuv, thaum txiav tawm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ua tiav nrog scalpel;
  • excisional - rau kev kuaj mob histological, qhov tsim tau raug tshem tawm tag nrho, piv txwv li, tag nrho polyp lossis lymph node;
  • puncture - coj mus kuaj, ib rab koob yog tsim nrog ib rab koob ntev tshwj xeeb;
  • scarification - scrapings los ntawm plab hnyuv mucosa yog coj mus rau kev tshawb fawb;
  • loop - lub voj tshwj xeeb yog siv los coj tus qauv;
  • endoscopic (los yog forceps) - cov ntaub so ntswg raug coj nrog forceps thaum kuaj endoscopic;
  • trepanation - ib daim ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg yog ntes los ntawm lub raj tshwj xeeb nrog cov npoo ntse;
  • aspiration - ib daim ntaub so ntswg tshem tawm nrog lub aspirator (hluav taws xob suction).

Thaum kuaj pom tus txheej txheem inflammatory, lub hom phiaj biopsy ntawm txoj hnyuv mucosa tuaj yeem raug sau tseg, uas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab qhov mob. Yog tias muaj kev xav tias muaj kab mob thiab tib lub sijhawm tsis muaj cov cim qhia sab nraud, kev tshawb nrhiav biopsy yog ua. Nws koom nrog kev kawm ntawm ntau cov ntaub so ntswg ib zaug.

Txoj cai npaj rau txheej txheem

Kev ua tiav ntawm kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv (cov lus qhia hauv qhov no yuav txawv), nwstsis mob thiab tsis tshua muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem yog nyob ntawm kev ua raws li kev siv tshuab thiab kev npaj kom raug. Cov kauj ruam kawg suav nrog:

  • zam los ntawm cov zaub mov 8-12 teev ua ntej kev kuaj ntshav (ib hnub ua ntej cov txheej txheem nws pom zoo kom suav cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab dej hauv cov zaub mov);
  • ntses thiab nqaij broths ntawm pob txha, khoom qab zib, ntsim seasonings);
  • daim ntawv thov kev ntxuav cov enemas lossis kev npaj ntxuav, xws li Fortrans lossis Endofalk (cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau muab los ntawm kws kho mob).

YBiopsy txheej txheem

Biopsy yog ib txoj hauv kev los tshuaj xyuas tib neeg txoj hnyuv. Nws yuav tsum tau kev tso cai los ntawm tus neeg mob. Ua ntej tus txheej txheem nws tus kheej, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kawm, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim thiab qhov teeb meem tshwm sim. Tus kws kho mob kuj tseem qhia txog qhov muaj peev xwm tshwm sim rau qhov kev taw qhia ntawm endoscope, ntawm cov uas nquag tshaj plaws yog:

  • xav hnyav heev (tsis txhob sim nqos qaub ncaug);
  • ntuav;
  • passing flatus.

Yuav ua li cas kev kuaj plab hnyuv ua tiav nyob ntawm thaj chaw kuaj.

Ntseeg ntawm cov hnyuv me me

Cov txheej txheem no yog ua raws li hauv qab no:

  1. 30 feeb ua ntej pib txheej txheem, tus neeg mob tau muab tshuaj sedative uas tso cai rau nws musso kom txaus. Tus neeg ntawd paub qab hau thaum tus txheej txheem.
  2. Lub caj pas nraub qaum yog kho nrog tshuaj loog, uas txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm gag reflex.
  3. Tom qab ntawd, lub qhov ncauj tau muab tso rau hauv qhov kev loj hlob, tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo ntawm lub raj endoscope. Tsis txhob txhawj, cov cuab yeej no tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev ua pa.
  4. Tus neeg mob tau tig mus rau sab laug, tom qab ntawd qhov endoscope tau muab tso rau hauv lub qhov ncauj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws kho mob nruj me ntsis tswj cov kev ntsuas ntawm qhov ntsuas thiab qhov chaw nws nres.
  5. Intestinal biopsy indications
    Intestinal biopsy indications
  6. Tom ntej no, forceps tau muab tso rau hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb channel ntawm endoscope, uas lawv ntes cov biopsy. Cov tom kawg yog muab tso rau hauv lub thawv tshwj xeeb tsis muaj menyuam uas muaj cov tshuaj, uas raug xa mus rau lub chaw kuaj mob histological rau kev kawm txog cov khoom siv biopsy.
  7. Tom qab coj tus qauv, tus kws kho mob tshem tawm qhov endoscope tom qab paub tseeb tias tsis muaj los ntshav (lawv yuav tsum tsis yog ib txwm ua) lossis perforations.
Yuav ua li cas kuaj lub plab zom mov?
Yuav ua li cas kuaj lub plab zom mov?

Ntev npaum li cas qhov kev kuaj mob ntawm txoj hnyuv, nrog rau kev kawm tseem ceeb, koj tuaj yeem nug koj tus kws kho mob. Feem ntau nws tsis ntau tshaj 30 feeb. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau tsis kaj siab, tab sis tsis muaj qhov mob.

Ntawm ntawm txoj hnyuv loj

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug colonoscopy los yog sigmoidoscopy yog ua. Ua li no:

  1. Tus neeg mob pw ntawm nws sab laug, thaum nws yuav tsum khoov nws ob txhais ceg rau hauv plab.
  2. Ua ntej tus txheej txheem nws tus kheej, ib tus neeg tau muab tshuaj sedatives lossis tshuaj loog. Ua ntej no, ntsuas ntshav siabsiab thiab mem tes.
  3. Tom qab sedation, lubricate lub ntsis ntawm colonoscope nrog roj av jelly, thiab ces muab tso rau hauv lub qhov quav. Thaum lub cuab yeej txav mus, huab cua yog siv dag zog, uas tso cai rau lub raj txav tau yooj yim dua.
  4. Thaum mus txog lub plab zom mov, tus neeg raug muab tso rau ntawm lawv nraub qaum thiab tom qab ntawd txav mus.
  5. Thaum thaj chaw xav tau mus txog, ib daim ntaub so ntswg raug tshem tawm siv forceps. Cov cuab yeej raug tshem tawm (muab tsis muaj los ntshav lossis perforation).

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus neeg yuav hnov mob, yog li feem ntau cov txheej txheem yog ua raws li kev siv tshuaj loog.

Kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv dab tsi qhia tau?
Kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv dab tsi qhia tau?

Muaj Teeb Meem

Cov teeb meem ntawm kev kuaj ntshav tsis tshua muaj tsawg. Tab sis tseem koj yuav tsum tau npaj rau qhov ua tau:

  • los ntshav ntawm qhov chaw kuaj;
  • perforation ntawm phab ntsa ntawm cov hnyuv me los yog loj (ib ntawm qhov ntawm phab ntsa nrog tso tawm cov ntsiab lus rau hauv plab kab noj hniav).

Ntshav plab hnyuv biopsy: contraindications

Tsis yog txhua tus tau pom cov txheej txheem kuaj mob no. Hauv qhov no, peb hais txog qhov tseeb thiab txheeb ze contraindications. Kev kuaj mob hauv plab tsis ua tiav yog tias:

  • mob hnyav-tshuaj lom xws li sepsis, peritonitis;
  • kev poob siab;
  • kab mob plawv nyob rau theem ntawm sub- thiab decompensation;
  • perforations (qhov) nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm lub digestive kabmob (qhov no siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov hnyuv, tab sis kuj rau txoj hlab pas thiab lub plab);
  • plab hnyuvlos ntshav;
  • kev puas siab puas ntsws;
  • plab hnyuv stenosis (tab sis tsuas yog yog tias cov kab mob ua ntej qhov chaw biopsy);
  • plab hnyuv diverticulitis.

Tsis tas li, txoj haujlwm no tsis ua tom qab kev phais mob ntawm lub plab thiab lub plab.

txheeb ze contraindications yog:

  • predisposition rau kev tsis haum tshuaj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov tshuaj kho mob;
  • kab mob kis tau zoo, xws li SARS, tonsillitis thiab lwm yam;
  • kab mob gynecological hauv cov poj niam uas nyob rau theem mob hnyav (qhov no, qhov kev kuaj ntshav raug ncua mus txog thaum kawg ntawm kev kho cov kab mob no.)

Thaum twg yuav tsum tau kuaj ntshav?

Biopsy tsis yog txoj kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov. Tab sis qee zaus, tus neeg mob tsis kam yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua ib qho biopsy:

  • yog kuaj pom muaj qog zoo li (nws yuav raug qhia los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm CT, MRI, colonoscopy lossis lwm yam kev tshawb fawb);
  • muaj ntau yam erosive thiab ulcerative txheej txheem nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv me los yog loj;
  • cov txheej txheem inflammatory mus ntev, qhov ua rau tsis tsim;
  • muaj cov tsos mob uas qhia tau tias muaj kab mob hauv plab (qhov no yuav yog qhov hloov pauv hauv cov quav, muaj cov ntshav hauv nws, flatulence thiab lwm yam kab mob zoo sib xws), thaum cov tsos mob tsis haum rau hauv tsev kho mob feem ntau. Cov kab mob sib kis, uas yog vim li casyuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ntxiv.
Txoj hnyuv biopsy contraindications
Txoj hnyuv biopsy contraindications

Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj ntshav ntawm cov hnyuv me lossis cov hnyuv loj (tshwj tsis yog cov saum toj no) yog:

  • nqaim ntawm txoj hnyuv lumen;
  • mob plab ulcerative colitis (cov tsos mob colitis thiab kev kho mob rau cov neeg laus yuav tsis xis nyob);
  • Crohn tus kab mob (autoimmune, atypical o ntawm lub plab hnyuv phab ntsa);
  • megacolon (cov hnyuv loj loj thiab xav tias muaj tus kab mob Hirschsprung hauv menyuam yaus);
  • presence of rectal fistulas.

Feem ntau, qhov kev txiav txim siab ua qhov biopsy yog ua los ntawm kws kho mob thaum lub sijhawm kuaj xws li kev kuaj endoscopy lossis colonoscopy.

Nyob cev nqaij daim tawv

Ib tug me nyuam txoj kev biopsy tsuas yog ua tau tshwj xeeb, nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm kiag li qhia. Cov no yog:

  • kab mob plab hnyuv loj pathologies;
  • tsis tau piav qhia los ntshav uas cuam tshuam rau tus neeg mob;
  • extensive mob.

Biopsy yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo npaj rau tus txheej txheem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yaus. Koj tuaj yeem tso siab rau cov txheej txheem tsis yog rau tus kws kho mob gastroenterologist xwb, tab sis rau tus kws kho mob uas paub zoo txog lub cev ntawm tus menyuam lub cev.

Cov khoom siv tau raug tshuaj loog.

Npaj rau kev kuaj plab hnyuv muaj xws li:

  • kev noj zaub mov (koj yuav tsum tsis suav cov rog, kib, haus luam yeeb, khoom noj ntsev, mis nyuj thiab khoom noj siv mis, khoom qab zib, pastries, carbonateddej qab zib) peb hnub ua ntej manipulation;
  • noj laxative;
  • cleansing enema (ua kom tshem cov quav uas tuaj yeem ua rau nws nyuaj rau qhov endoscope lossis colonoscope kom dhau los ntawm txoj hnyuv).

Raws li txoj cai, hnub ua ntej kev kawm, tus menyuam nkag mus rau hauv tsev kho mob kom tus neeg mob me nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob thiab ua raws li cov txheej txheem npaj rau kev tswj hwm (thaum tus menyuam nyob hauv tsev, whims thiab thov tuaj yeem ua rau cov niam txiv tsis quav ntsej, ua rau kev tshawb fawb ua haujlwm yuav qis vim muaj cov khoom noj khib nyiab hauv plab hnyuv lumen).

txheej txheem nws tus kheej tsis txawv ntawm kev kuaj cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm tus neeg laus, tab sis tus kws kho mob txav cov cuab yeej raws li lub cev ntawm tus menyuam.

Kev kuaj mob plab hnyuv yog ib txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev kho mob zoo heev. Kev ua raws sij hawm ntawm qhov kev tswj hwm no tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab txog qhov muaj cov kab mob loj heev nyob rau theem pib, uas yuav ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab xaiv txoj kev kho mob.

Pom zoo: