Tib neeg lub cev yog ib txoj hauv kev uas muaj ntau yam txheej txheem tshuaj siv nyob rau txhua ob: cov tshuaj hormones, cov protein ntau hauv cov ntshav, cov xim pigments, thiab lwm yam. qib ntawm cov khoom no. Kev sib txawv ntawm tus qauv yuav qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm tus kab mob lossis yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub cev muaj zog.
cov ntaub ntawv dav dav
Muaj ntau yam mob thaum qee cov ntshav protein ntau ntxiv. Tsawg tus neeg paub tias nws yog dab tsi, qhov ntsuas no tuaj yeem ua pov thawj rau.
Cov tshuaj no yog ib feem ntawm cov ntshav plasma thiab muaj cov amino acids complex.
Ua haujlwm tseem ceeb:
- thauj khoom tsim nyog (cov no tuaj yeem yog cov tshuaj noj, lipids, vitamins, minerals, pigments, thiab lwm yam).
- Yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhaws.
- Txhim acid-base tshuav.
- tswj qhov sib npaug ntawm leukocytes, erythrocytes thiab platelets.
- Txoj kev tiv thaiv lub xeev.
Qhov sib xws ntawm cov ntshav nyob ntawm lawv qib. Cov kua tuab thiab kua nplaum dhau zuj zuslos ntawm cov hlab ntsha, yog li ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho cov hlab plawv.
txhawm rau txiav txim siab txog cov feem pua ntawm cov protein, kev tshuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb yog ua tiav - proteinogram.
ntshav chemistry
Qhov kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj no yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj plaws thiab nrov tshaj plaws. Nws raug sau tseg rau yuav luag txhua tus neeg mob uas tau txais kev kho mob hauv tsev kho mob.
Nws tso cai rau koj los ntsuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub cev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg lub cev raws li ntau yam ntsuas.
Cov protein feem ntau hauv kev kuaj ntshav biochemical yog ib feem tseem ceeb, uas yog ua rau txhua tus neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo rau qee yam kab mob.
Shown to
Feem ntau, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov feem pua ntawm cov protein tau raug sau tseg rau qhov xav tias muaj cov kab mob hauv qab no:
- ntau tus mob myeloma;
- Ymonoclonal gammopathy.
Proteinogram yog qhia rau cov neeg mob:
- cov txheej txheem autoimmune (scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, Hashimoto's thyroiditis);
- kab mob sib kis ntev thiab mob hnyav (herpes, kab mob siab ntawm txhua hom, Epstein-Barr tus kab mob thiab cytomegalovirus);
- cov tsos mob ntawm malabsorption (mob plab zom mov, tshwm sim los ntawm raws plab, steatorrhea, uas ua rau malabsorption ntawm cov as-ham);
- khoom noj tsis txaus (tsis muaj lossis nce qab los noj mov, xaiv cravings rau qee yam zaub mov).
Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem raug sau thaum kuaj xyuas dav davlub cev (kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas ntau yam kab mob).
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm qhov xav tau kev kawm yuav tsum yog los ntawm tus kws kho mob (tus kws kho mob) raws li kev tsis txaus siab, tus neeg mob keeb kwm kev kho mob, cov txiaj ntsig kuaj, thiab lwm yam.
Kev tsom xam nta
Txhua tus neeg mob uas raug xaiv los kawm txog feem ntawm cov proteins hauv cov ntshav, koj yuav tsum paub:
- Cov txheej txheem ua rau ntawm lub plab khoob, thaum sawv ntxov. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj 8 teev ua ntej pib pub dawb.
- Hnub ua ntej nws raug pom zoo kom ua raws li kev noj zaub mov nruj (tsis txhob haus cawv, rog, haus luam yeeb, kib, ntsim, zaub mov ceev, mayonnaise, ketchup thiab lwm yam khoom noj phem). Nws raug nquahu kom txwv koj cov protein kom tsawg.
- In 30-60 min. tsis haus luam yeeb.
- Tsis txhob siv txoj kev tshawb fawb: fluorography, X-ray, ultrasound, thiab lwm yam ob peb hnub ua ntej kev tshuaj ntsuam.
- Hnub ua ntej, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai thiab koom nrog kev tawm dag zog lub cev hnyav.
- Cov me nyuam yaus tsis muaj kev kho hniav.
Kev ua txhaum ntawm ib yam khoom los ntawm cov npe saum toj no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim, ua rau tus neeg mob thiab tus kws kho mob yuam kev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov lus pom zoo.
Dab tsi ntxiv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev sib txawv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig:
- tshuaj intravenous infusion daws;
- tawm hws ntau dhau;
- xeeb tub;
- lactation;
- hnyav;
- puag so;
- kev tsim txom cov khoom noj protein.
Kev Tshawb Fawb
Cov feem ntawm cov protein yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm tag nrho cov protein. Qhov kawg yog txiav txim siab los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav biochemical saum toj no. Lwm cov kev tshawb fawb xav tau los ntsuas qhov sib npaug ntawm nws cov khoom kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm thiab nrov tshaj plaws yog cov txheej txheem electrophoresis, uas tuaj yeem nqa tau siv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb:
- chromatographic ntawv;
- cellulose acetate zaj duab xis;
- agar los yog starch gel.
Nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob rau cov ntshav cov protein, uas tau muab tso rau ntawm daim ntawv tshwj xeeb lossis gel. Hauv cov txheej txheem, cov khoom tau txais tus nqi tsis zoo, qhov twg, raws li txoj cai ntawm physics, lawv txav mus rau lub anode thiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua 6 feem sib txawv, uas yog:
- albumins;
- globulins (alpha-1 thiab alpha-2);
- globulins (beta thiab gamma);
- prealbumins.
Ntxiv rau kev txiav txim siab feem ntawm cov ntshav proteins los ntawm electrophoresis, lwm txoj hauv kev tsis tshua nyiam tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov kws pab kuaj:
- gel pom;
- immunological;
- nag xob nag cua;
- sedimentary.
Norms and deviations
Kev tshuaj ntsuam tau ua tiav sai sai, thiab cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem tau txais rau hnub tom ntej.
Cov feem ntawm cov protein yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam. Qhov nruab nrab, lawv cov nqi ib txwm nyob hauv cov ntshav yuav tsum yog (g / dl):
- albumin – 3, 5–5, 00;
- a-1 – 0, 1–0, 3;
- a-2 – 0.6–1.00;
- beta -0, 7–1, 2;
- gamma - 0, 7–1, 6.
Tag nrho cov protein yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 6.4-8.3 g / dl.
Qhia los ntawm kev nce
Feem ntau ntawm cov ntshav protein yuav tsum ib txwm nyob rau hauv ib qho piv txwv, uas qhia txog cov xwm txheej ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov nyiaj tshuav no yog cais tawm raws li tus kab mob sib cais hu ua dysproteinemia.
Raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm qee feem, peb tuaj yeem tham txog qee qhov pathologies uas tau zais lossis pom meej tshwm sim hauv lub cev. Yog tias qib nce:
- albumin - qhov no yuav qhia tau cov kab mob ntawm daim siab thiab ob lub raum; Piv txwv li, nrog rau kab mob siab, cirrhosis, carcinomas, pyelonephritis thiab lwm yam;
- globulins alpha-1 (2) - tej zaum yuav qhia tau tias muaj kev mob o, kev ntxhov siab hnyav lossis theem mob qog noj ntshav nrog metastases;
- beta - hyperlipoproteinemia (kev ua txhaum ntawm lipid metabolism) tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv lub cev;
- gamma - qhov nce ntawm qhov taw qhia yog raug rau kev nkag mus ntawm tus kab mob (cov kab mob lossis kab mob).
Yog tias pom muaj qhov txawv txav monoclonal protein nyob rau ntawm daim kab xev kuaj thaum lub sij hawm kuaj protein, ces feem ntau qhov no yog qhov laj thawj xav tias myeloma - mob qog noj ntshav ntshav. Yog li ntawd, thaum ua kev soj ntsuam rau cov kab mob no, cov proteinogram yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov txheej txheem qhia.
Tus nqi txo
Ntau tus neeg mob tuaj yeem pom hauv lawv qhov txiaj ntsig txo qis ntawm tag nrho cov protein thiab nws cov feem ntawm tus kheej. Qhov no yogtuaj yeem ua tau ob qho tib si ntawm cov qauv thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob.
Tus mob no hu ua hypoproteinemia. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm:
- noj cov protein tsis txaus los ntawm zaub mov;
- kev noj haus mus sij hawm ntev;
- ntshav qab zib;
- menses;
- lub sijhawm tom qab phais;
- fever;
- txheej txheem kis;
- kev npam;
- kab mob raum;
- kab mob siab;
- pw tsaug zog;
- kev tawg dav dav;
- bleeding.
Lub cev muaj zog (piv txwv li, tsis cuam tshuam nrog tus kabmob) ntawm qhov txo qis ntawm cov protein hauv cov ntshav (qis dua 50 g / l) suav nrog:
- lactation;
- xeem peb lub hlis twg ntawm cev xeeb tub;
- tsis muaj kev tawm dag zog, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev pw tsaug zog ntev;
- kev ua lub cev ntau dhau.
Yuav ua li cas nrog qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo
Thaum koj tau txais cov txiaj ntsig tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas rau cov feem pua ntawm cov protein, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai tam sim ntawd. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los sab laj tus kws kho mob thiab sim ua kom nco ntsoov tias dab tsi tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim.
Raws li keeb kwm sau tseg, tus kws kho mob yuav qhia koj kom rov ua qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam tom qab lossis sau ntawv tshuaj ntsuam ntxiv.
Ua ntej tshaj, koj yuav tsum dhau:
- kuaj ntshav dav dav thiab ntxaws;
- general urinalysis.
Instrumental txoj kev yuav raug muab raws li tus neeg mob qhov kev tsis txaus siab. Piv txwv li, yog tias tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv qib ntawm albumin hauvTus neeg mob yuav mob plab, ces nws yuav tsum tau ua ultrasound ntawm lub plab plab hnyuv siab raum, x-ray ntawm cheeb tsam no, thiab lwm yam.
Raws li kev kho mob qhia, kev sib cais ntawm tag nrho cov protein ntau hauv cov ntshav feem ntau yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv ntau dua li kev hloov pauv ntawm nws cov feem. Cov xwm txheej zoo li no yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom meej thiab kawm txog tus neeg mob keeb kwm kho mob. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg zoo, tsis muaj dab tsi ua rau nws mob thiab tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas yog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim, nrog ib tug high degree ntawm qhov tshwm sim peb tuaj yeem hais tias nws noj qab nyob zoo. Muaj tsawg zaus, cov theem pib ntawm cov kab mob loj, xws li oncology, cirrhosis, thiab lwm yam, tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm qee feem ntawm cov protein. Yog li ntawd, ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm cov qauv qhia tau hais tias yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
