Myocardial scintigraphy: piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem, contraindications thiab cov lus pom zoo

Cov txheej txheem:

Myocardial scintigraphy: piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem, contraindications thiab cov lus pom zoo
Myocardial scintigraphy: piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem, contraindications thiab cov lus pom zoo

Video: Myocardial scintigraphy: piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem, contraindications thiab cov lus pom zoo

Video: Myocardial scintigraphy: piav qhia ntawm cov txheej txheem, contraindications thiab cov lus pom zoo
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Nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb uas muaj cov thev naus laus zis siab, lub sijhawm twb pib thaum kev tshawb fawb thiab tshuaj sib koom tes thiab sib pab txhim kho. Qhov no feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tshiab rau kev kuaj kab mob, lawv qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm hnub ua ntej. Tam sim no txhua leej txhua tus tab tom tham txog magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), xam tomography (CT) thiab txawm positron emission tomography (PET). Tab sis tau ntev tau muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los pom qhov chaw sab hauv ntawm tib neeg lub cev - myocardial scintigraphy.

Definition

myocardial scintigraphy
myocardial scintigraphy

Myocardial scintigraphy yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb nyob deb ntawm lub plawv uas siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm cov isotopes hauv lub cev hauv cov txheej txheem kho lawv cov hluav taws xob.

Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy yog qhov tseem ceeb tib yam kev kawm raws li tau piav qhia saum toj no, tab sis siv cov xov tooj cua thallium. Nws yog tsim ob qho tib si nrog load xeem thiab tsis muaj lawv. Tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ischemia, uas ua rau nws tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm cov kab mob plawv (kab mob plawv ischemic).

Rau txhua tus raws li nws xav tau

Txij xyoo 2007 hauv teb chaws USA,Western Europe thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm lub teb chaws tsim scintigraphy tau dhau los lawm. Ntau tshaj kaum tsib lab tus tib neeg twb tau siv qhov kev pab kho mob no lawm. Muaj nws yog ib txoj hauv kev uas tsis siv sij hawm ntau thiab siv zog.

Nyob hauv qhov chaw tom qab-Soviet, qhov xwm txheej yog qhov sib txawv. Tam sim no, muaj txog ob puas lub koob yees duab gamma rau scintigraphy hauv kev ua haujlwm hauv Russia (piv rau Asmeskas kaum peb txhiab). Thiab lawv tsuas muaj nyob rau theem ntawm kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb xwb.

Nws ua haujlwm li cas?

myocardial scintigraphy contraindications
myocardial scintigraphy contraindications

Ib tus neeg mob npaj rau tus txheej txheem yog txhaj rau hauv cov hlab ntsha nrog cov tshuaj radiotracer uas muaj cov vector molecule thiab cov isotopes radioactive. Lawv txoj hauj lwm yog sib cuam tshuam, txij li cov vector muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg affinity (ceev) rau ib lub cev lossis cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Thiab cov isotope emits gamma hluav taws xob mus rau qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Kev tso npe ntawm cov nthwv dej no tso cai rau koj los txiav txim qhov chaw ntawm cov ntshav zoo tshaj plaws thiab phem tshaj plaws.

Dab tsi yog scintigraphy qhia?

kev nyuaj siab myocardial scintigraphy
kev nyuaj siab myocardial scintigraphy

Ua tsaug rau txoj kev ntsuas no, koj tuaj yeem ua tib zoo saib thiab ntsuas cov ntshav mus rau lub plawv cov leeg, tag nrho thiab hauv ib qho chaw. Nrhiav thaj chaw uas cov ntshav tsis txaus, nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw uas cov ntaub so ntswg tau tuag los ntawm cov uas tseem tuaj yeem cawm tau. Hauv cov neeg mob postinfarction, caws pliav thiab thaj chaw ntawm ischemia tau yooj yim pom. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem kwv yees, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb, uasCov teeb meem yuav tsum tau tos thiab sai npaum li cas.

Qhia rau tus txheej txheem

myocardial scintigraphy nqi nyob rau hauv Moscow
myocardial scintigraphy nqi nyob rau hauv Moscow

Txij li cov txheej txheem no yog qhov txaus siab heev, nws lub hom phiaj yuav tsum ua kom ncaj ncees. Nws tau ua tiav hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

1. Rau cov neeg noj qab nyob zoo ua ntej kev sib tw kis las tseem ceeb thiab kev phais mob mus sij hawm ntev nyob rau hauv kev siv tshuaj loog kom tshem tawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem lossis raug mob.

2. Rau kev kuaj mob ntawm cov hlab ntsha, yog tias muaj tag nrho cov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev kuaj mob.

3. Raws li ib txoj hauv kev sim kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob: coronary artery bypass grafting, angioplasty, tshuaj kho.

4. Txhawm rau kuaj xyuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv tom qab myocardial infarction (tab sis tsis yog tam sim ntawd tom qab nws, raws li rov ua lub plawv nres).

Raws li txoj cai, txoj kev no tso cai rau koj los kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb thiab txheeb xyuas nws.

Npaj tus neeg mob rau tus txheej txheem

myocardial scintigraphy nrog load nqi
myocardial scintigraphy nrog load nqi

Ua ntej txhua txoj kev kho mob lossis kev kuaj mob, tus neeg mob tau txais cov lus pom zoo los ntawm tus kws kho mob, kev ua raws li qhov yuav pab tau kom ua tiav txoj kev kawm ntau dua thiab tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj rau tus neeg:

- txoj kev kawm no ua rau lub plab khoob;

- hnub ua ntej koj haus tsis tau kas fes, Coca-Cola, tshuaj yej, noj chocolate;

- koj yuav tsum nres noj cov tshuaj uas tswj lub plawv;

- ua ultrasound los txiav txim cev xeeb tub, thiab cov niam tsev laus yuav tsum npaj cov mis nyuj ua ntej, raws li tus menyuam mosnws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm pub niam mis rau ob hnub;

- txiv neej hnub ua ntej kev kawm yuav tsum tsis txhob siv tshuaj los txhim kho erection;- nco ntsoov qhia rau koj tus kws kho mob yog tias koj muaj mob hawb pob bronchial.

Radionuclide npaj

Myocardial scintigraphy tsis ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev siv tshuaj radioactive. Tam sim no muaj ntau yam ntawm lawv, nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev kawm:

- MIBI, lossis sestamibi, yog siv los kawm txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv, muaj tropism rau lub plawv cov leeg.

- Mono- thiab bisphosphonates muaj affinity rau pob txha cov ntaub so ntswg, yog siv los kuaj mob cancer thiab nws cov teeb meem, nrog rau kev raug mob.

- Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid kuaj pom lub raum pathology.

- Pertechnates yog siv rau kev kuaj cov thyroid.

- Iodine-123 yog rau cov thyroid imaging.

Tshuaj tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub khw muag tshuaj niaj hnub no, ua tsaug uas nws tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas cov kab mob oncological tshwj xeeb. Cov tshuaj no tau txhaj rau hauv tib neeg lub cev txhaj tshuaj, yog li koj yuav tsum paub ua ntej yog tias tus neeg mob muaj kev fab tshuaj.

ntsuas kev nyuaj siab

qhov twg ua myocardial scintigraphy
qhov twg ua myocardial scintigraphy

Myocardial stress scintigraphy yog ua tib yam li kev kawm zoo sib xws ntawm electrocardiography. Txhawm rau tsim kom muaj kev ntxhov siab, tus neeg mob tau muab rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev simulators (treadmill, tsheb kauj vab). Cov lus qhia rau cov txheej txheem zoo li no yog cov kev hloov pauv hauv ECG, cov kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov kab mob plawv. Ib ntawmQhov nyuaj tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem yog tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm sab laug ventricle. Cov txheej txheem rau tus qauv zoo yog:

  1. Sab laug ventricular ejection feem tsis ntau tshaj 35%.
  2. Nyob ejection feem ntau thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm hnyav ntau dua 5%.
  3. Txhim khu kev qha tshwm sim ntawm impaired contractility.
  4. Kev mob hauv zos ntawm cardiomyocyte contractility ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus load.

Scintigraphy results

myocardial scintigraphy nyob rau hauv Moscow
myocardial scintigraphy nyob rau hauv Moscow

Myocardial scintigraphy muab ntau hom duab ntawm lub plawv cov leeg. Ua ntej, cov no tseem, thiaj li hu ua static, duab. Qhov no yog ob-dimensional (flat) sawv cev ntawm ib lub cev. Feem ntau, cov pob txha, cov qog endocrine, thiab lwm yam yog kuaj raws li qhov no.

Thib ob, muaj cov duab dynamic lossis txav mus los uas tso cai rau koj los ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kabmob hollow. Lawv tau txais los ntawm kev ntxiv ob peb daim duab tseem. Lawv siv los tshuaj xyuas daim siab, raum, lub plawv, cov hlab ntsha.

hom thib peb ntawm kev sau npe ntawm txoj kev kawm yog ECG synchronization. Kev tshem tawm ntxiv ntawm daim cardiogram tso cai rau koj los sib piv cov haujlwm thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub cev.

Qee tus kws tshaj lij, thaum ua myocardial scintigraphy, kuj txuas SPECT (ib zaug photon emission xam tomography) kom tau txais cov duab peb sab ntawm lub cev hauv qab kev kawm. Qhov no feem ntau ua tiav thaum xav tias muaj pathology ntawm lub plawv lossis lub hlwb.

Ib txoj kev puas nyab xeeb?

Hauv tebchaws Russia, scintigraphy tsuas yog ua tau tshwj xeebmyocardium. Contraindications rau txoj kev tshawb no yog yooj yim: tsis muaj ib tug neeg rhiab heev rau lub radioisotope npaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem yog contraindicated:

- niam cev xeeb tub thiab lactating;

- cov neeg muaj kab mob hnyav ntawm lwm yam kabmob thiab lub cev (qhov no tuaj yeem tsim teeb meem thaum kawm siv lub nra);

- cov neeg mob sepsis thiab ua npaws;

- nrog myocarditis, muaj lub plawv tsis xws luag thiab tom qab lub plawv nres tsis ntev los no.

Txoj kev nws tus kheej tsis mob thiab xyaum tsis raug mob. Qee lub sij hawm, cov neeg mob muaj kev phiv los ntawm kev siv tshuaj los yog kev tawm dag zog, tab sis qhov tsis xis nyob feem ntau daws tau sai thiab tib neeg rov qab los ua lub neej zoo.

Yuav tau mus kawm ntawv

Qhov twg ua myocardial scintigraphy? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau mus kuaj xyuas hauv polyclinic lossis hauv tsev kho mob kho mob kom txiav txim siab seb puas xav tau kev kawm kim. Ntau yam kab mob plawv tuaj yeem kuaj pom nrog ntau txoj hauv kev siv tau.

Raws li tau hais los saum no, hauv qhov chaw tom qab-Soviet, lub sijhawm los ua qhov kev sim no tsuas muaj nyob hauv nroog loj xwb. Myocardial scintigraphy nyob rau hauv Moscow yog ua nyob rau hauv ntau lub tsev kho mob ntiag tug, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv lub Scientific thiab Practical Center rau Interventional Cardiology, ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab tshawb fawb lub koom haum ntawm Gerontology ntawm Ministry of He alth thiab Social Development ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation, N. N. A. N. Bakulev thiab hauv Department of Radiation Diagnostics ntawm Clinical Center ntawm MMA muaj npe tom qab. I. M. Sechenov.

nqe txoj cai hauv cov tsev kho mob pej xeem thiab ntiag tug tej zaum yuav txawv, qee zaum kuj heevqhov tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, nws ua tib zoo kawm ua tib zoo kawm cov kev pabcuam uas lub tsev kho mob tshwj xeeb muaj thiab tom qab ntawd txiav txim siab seb tus nqi thov puas haum rau koj rau kev kawm xws li myocardial scintigraphy. Tus nqi nyob rau hauv Moscow yuav txawv nyob ntawm seb tus txheej txheem thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov txheej txheem. Tus nqi yog qhov chaw hauv cheeb tsam ntawm xya thiab yim txhiab rubles. Qhov no tsuas yog rau kev tshawb fawb yooj yim xwb. Tab sis muaj cov neeg mob uas xav tau kev ntxhov siab myocardial scintigraphy. Nws tus nqi yuav tsawg kawg yog ob zaug siab dua. Los ntawm kaum tsib txhiab rubles, feem. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kev no ua rau tus kws kho mob pom ntau daim duab ntawm tus neeg mob txoj kev noj qab haus huv, thiab tseem pab xaiv cov kev kho mob zoo tshaj plaws.

Myocardial scintigraphy yog ib qho tshiab, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam, muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis mob rau kev kuaj mob plawv. Los ntawm kev sib txuas cov kev ua tiav ntawm cov cuab yeej siv computer niaj hnub no thiab kev tshawb pom hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, nws tau dhau los kuaj pom tus kab mob hauv lub ntsws ntawm cov theem ntxov tshaj plaws.

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