Tus mob uas tshwm sim thaum haus cawv ethyl yog paub rau txhua tus neeg uas tau sim haus cawv tsawg kawg ib zaug. Cov ntsiab lus me me ntawm cov tshuaj no ua rau tib neeg so kom txaus thiab zoo siab. Qee qhov xwm txheej, kev siv cov dej qab zib uas muaj cawv me me ua rau qaug zog thiab tsis pom kev. Nws nyob ntawm tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev metabolism. Cov neeg feem coob paub tias yog tias koj "overdo nws" nrog cawv, ces tsis tshua muaj kev zoo siab. Namely - xeev siab, kiv taub hau, tsis khov thaum taug kev, ntuav. Cov kev tshwm sim no qhia txog kev qaug dab peg.
Kev haus cawv nrog cawv thiab nws tus neeg sawv cev
Ethyl cawv lom feem ntau tshwm sim thaum nws noj. Tsawg dua, muab cov tshuaj no tso rau hauv daim tawv nqaij lossis nqus dej cawv vapors tuaj yeem ua rau qaug cawv. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, peb tab tom tham txog kev lom nrog ethyl cawv hloov pauv. Yuav luag ib txwm, thaum haus dej cawv, intoxication ntawm lub cev tshwm sim. Qhov mob hnyav npaum li cas yog nyob ntawm qhov koob tshuaj cawv thiabtus yam ntxwv ntawm tus kheej. Thawj lub cim ntawm intoxication yog lub xeev euphoric. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias ib tug neeg tsis hnov mob nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cawv tseem cuam tshuam rau lub cev, ua rau muaj kev lom me me. Nrog kev nce hauv concentration, cov tsos mob ntawm kev tsis zoo nyob rau hauv kev noj qab haus huv zoo tshwm sim. Kev xeev siab thiab ntuav tau pom, kev txav mus los tsis sib haum xeeb, kev hais lus yog slurred.
Ethyl cawv yog cov kua tsis muaj xim uas muaj ntxhiab tsw. Nws yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj ua tshuaj tua kab mob, thiab kuj yog ib qho hnyav rau ntau yam tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, ethanol yog siv hauv kev lag luam khoom noj. Nws yog ntxiv rau ntau yam khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab perfumery. Tag nrho cov nyiaj no yog cais raws li tus neeg sawv cev. Los ntawm kev lom ncaj qha nrog ethyl cawv yog txhais tau hais tias kev qaug cawv ntawm lub cev tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv dej cawv. Nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj, suav nrog kev mob plawv, coma, mob hlwb.
Cas of ethyl alcohol poisoning
Ethanol lom feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cawv hauv qhov siab. Kev hloov pauv los ntawm cov kev xav zoo siab uas muaj ntau yam kev paub thaum noj cov dej qab zib kom qaug rau lub cev tau ua tiav thaum koob tshuaj ethanol ntau dua 1 ml hauv cov ntshav (1 ppm). Tshuaj lom nyob rau hauv feem ntau yog xwm txheej, raws li ib tug neeg tsis kam tswj cov cawv uas lawv haus, thiab cov tsos mobtxhim kho lub sijhawm. Qee zaum kev qaug cawv tshwm sim hauv cov menyuam yaus. Qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas cov niam txiv tsis taug qab tus me nyuam, uas yuam kev haus dej los yog kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab haus nws. Ntxiv nrog rau kev lom nrog ethyl cawv, ib tus neeg tuaj yeem tsim kev qaug cawv thaum siv cawv surrogates. Cov laj thawj suav nrog cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:
- Kev txais ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg. Cov no suav nrog cawv, uas muaj impurities ntawm aldehydes, methanol.
- Kev noj cov cologne, refrigeration antifreeze, tshuaj infusions, thiab lwm yam.
- Kev nqus ntawm BF kua nplaum uas muaj ethyl cawv thiab acetone.
Nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias kev haus luam yeeb surrogate tuaj yeem tshwm sim nws tus kheej txawv ntawm kev qaug cawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kho mob ntawm cov mob no txawv. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej muab kev pab, nws tsim nyog nrhiav seb tus neeg siv li cas.
Txoj kev txhim kho ntawm cawv cawv
Ethanol lom tshwm sim los ntawm cov txheej txheem biochemical nyuaj tshwm sim hauv lub cev. Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj no yog metabolized los ntawm lub siab. Raws li koj paub, lub cev no yog lub luag haujlwm rau neutralization ntawm toxins. Lub siab muaj cov enzyme tshwj xeeb - cawv dehydrogenase, uas ua rau ethanol. 10% ntawm cawv yog tawm ntawm lub cev los ntawm lwm yam kabmob - lub raum thiab lub ntsws.
Thaum ethanol nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, cov kev hloov pauv hauv qab no tshwm sim: phospholipid txheej uas ua rau cov membrane (plhaub) thiab cell permeability raug rhuav tshem.nce. Feem ntau ntawm tag nrho nws cuam tshuam rau CNS. Tom qab tag nrho, cawv yog neurotoxic. Nyob ntawm qhov concentration thiab susceptibility ntawm ib tug neeg rau ethanol, ua kom los yog inhibition ntawm lub hauv paus paj hlwb tshwm sim. Nrog rau kev haus cawv ntau dua 5 ppm, cov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm lub hlwb raug txwv, uas ua rau tuag.
Qhov txawv ntawm methyl thiab ethyl cawv yog dab tsi?
Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm methyl cawv los ntawm ethyl cawv thiab pab tus neeg mob li cas? Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lom nrog cov tshuaj no muaj cov tsos mob zoo sib xws, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv. Tom qab tag nrho, kev kho mob nyob ntawm nws. Methyl (ntoo) cawv tsis yog siv los tsim cov dej cawv. Nws yog siv rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob, cov kuab tshuaj, cov yas. Nws kuj yog siv los ua roj hauv qee hom tsheb. Thiab tseem, yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm methyl cawv los ntawm ethyl cawv? Tom qab tag nrho, nyob rau hauv tsos, cov tshuaj sib txuas yog zoo tib yam. Methyl cawv, zoo li ethanol, tsis muaj xim. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj cov ntxhiab tsw zoo sib xws. Txhawm rau paub qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom no, nws tsim nyog muab hluav taws kub rau cov kua ua kua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov nplaim ntawm ethanol yuav xiav, thiab los ntawm methyl cawv - ntsuab. Cov tsos mob ntawm kev lom nrog cov tshuaj no txawv me ntsis. Cov tsos mob ntawm intoxication tshwm sim los ntawm methyl cawv tsim ntev - los ntawm 12 teev mus rau ib hnub. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev lom yuav tsis nrog euphoria. Feem ntau tus neeg mob nws tus kheej lossis cov neeg nws hlub tuaj yeem teb cov lus nug ntawm qhov ua rau qaug dab peg.
Ethyl cawv lom: cov tsos mob ntawm pathology
Cov tsos mob ntawm qaug dab peg tshwm sim los ntawm cawv zoo li lom los ntawm lwm yam tshuaj lom. Qhov txawv yog qhov hloov ntawm lub xeev psycho-kev xav. Tom qab tag nrho, lom nrog ethyl cawv tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd tom qab nws siv. Qhov no yog ua ntej los ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm CNS excitation (mob degree ntawm intoxication). Lawv yog cov cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce siab, tawm hws, yaug ntawm daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub ntsej muag. Nrog rau qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev lom, cov tsos mob hauv qab no tau pom:
- Los ntawm ib sab ntawm lub paj hlwb - tsis khov thaum taug kev, txo cov leeg nqaij, mob taub hau. Cov neeg mob ntshav siab tuaj yeem tsim cov kab mob hauv lub hlwb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tsos mob xws li tsis hnov tsw ntawm caj dab, tuag tes tuag taw, qhov muag tsis pom kev tau sau tseg.
- Los ntawm txoj hnyuv - xeev siab, ntuav, tsis qab los noj mov. Mob plab tsis tas sau tseg.
- Los ntawm ib sab ntawm cov hlab plawv - nce hauv plawv dhia thiab mem tes, nce ntshav siab.
Kev hloov pauv kuj tau pom hauv tib neeg tus cwj pwm. Qee tus neeg ua nruj ua tsiv, lwm tus ua kev nyuaj siab. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev mob hnyav, tsis nco qab tsim, convulsions, ua pa nres tau.
cawv cawv tuaj yeem ua rau dab tsi?
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm ethyl cawv lom feem ntau yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Tsis muaj qhov xav tias kev haus dej cawv tsis yog tsuas yog kev kho mob nkaus xwb tab sis kuj yog teeb meem kev sib raug zoo. Tom qab tag nrho, vim muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm tus cwj pwm, tus neegtsis tswj nws tej kev ua. Qhov no ua rau muaj tsheb sib tsoo, hluav taws kub, kev ua txhaum cai. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev mob ethanol ntev ntev yuav xaus rau qhov mob encephalopathy uas tsis tuaj yeem kho. Muaj ib qho teeb meem ntawm kev nco, kev xav, pw tsaug zog. Kuj tseem muaj kev hloov pauv hauv daim siab thiab pancreas. Ntawm lawv yog cov kab mob - fatty hepatosis, cirrhosis, chronic pancreatitis.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev qaug cawv muaj xws li kev puas siab puas ntsws - cawv delirium (hallucinatory syndrome, cwj pwm tsis zoo), mob stroke, myocardial infarction, coma.
pab xub thawj rau tshuaj lom ethanol
Kev pabcuam thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev rau kev lom neeg ethyl cawv yog kev qhia txog 40% qabzib tov, vitamin B1 (thiamine), ascorbic acid. Nrog rau kev nce ntshav siab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua kom tus neeg mob lub cev tsis muaj zog. Rau lub hom phiaj no, magnesium sulfate kho yog nqa tawm.
Ethyl cawv lom: kho tsev
Pab kev qaug cawv kuj tuaj yeem muab rau hauv tsev, yog tias tus neeg mob tsis raug mob ntau. Nyob rau hauv mob hnyav, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ntxiv cov kua ntim, kom detoxify lub cev. Rau lub hom phiaj no, koj yuav tsum haus dej kom ntau li ntau tau los yog qhov ncauj daws tau (cov tshuaj "Regidron"). Koj yuav tsum tau muab ob peb ntsiav tshuaj rau tus neeg mob ua kom tau txais charcoal.
Kev kho tshwj xeeb ntawm ethyl cawv lom
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob tus neeg mob yog tias pom muaj tshuaj lom ethyl cawv hnyav heev. Kev pab thawj zaugyuav tsum muab tam sim ntawd. Nyob rau hauv lub tsev kho mob, tus neeg mob tau txhaj tshuaj intravenously nrog saline daws, qabzib, thiab vitamins. Nrog rau kev txhim kho cov teeb meem, kev kho tshwj xeeb hauv chav kho mob plawv, neurology lossis kev saib xyuas hnyav yog tsim nyog.
