Pneumonia yog ib qho mob ntawm lub ntsws uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim rau txhua lub hnub nyoog, tab sis muaj ntau dua rau cov menyuam yaus. Nws muab faib raws li etiology (cov kab mob uas ua rau nws), qhov hnyav, qhov chaw ntawm qhov mob (focal, croupous, segmental, radical, thiab lwm yam). Daim duab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws tuaj yeem pom hauv qab no.
Yog vim li cas
Zoo li txhua yam kab mob, mob ntsws tshwm sim los ntawm qee yam yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej. Kev mob tshwm sim tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum:
- kab mob ntsws pneumococcal;
- kev txhim kho ntawm lwm yam kab mob coccal;
- hypothermia thiab teeb meem ntawm SARS (vim los ntawm kev kho tsis raug);
- ua ib qho teeb meem ntawm kev kis tus menyuam yaus - qhua pias, kab mob qhua pias, rubella;
- txo qis kev tiv thaiv;
- immunodeficiency nyob rau hauv lwm yam kab mob.
Symptoms
mob ntsws yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov tsos mob hauv qab no:
- qaug zog, hyperhidrosis;
- qaug zog thiab mob taub hau;
- txo qis qab los noj mov thiab myalgia;
- mob plab;
- dyspnea inso thiab nce lub plawv dhia.
Ntxiv rau cov kev tshwm sim dav dav, lub tsev kho mob nyob ntawm qhov mob hnyav. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kub taub hau, hloov ntawm hnoos qhuav kom ntub nrog purulent hnoos qeev, pallor ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cyanosis ntawm nasolabial daim duab peb sab.
Kev kho mob ntsws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua, txwv tsis pub txhua yam tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus. Pneumonia yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yaus. Yog vim li cas kev kuaj mob ntxov yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Mob ntsws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab siv cov ntaub ntawv auscultation thiab chaw kho mob; kuaj ntshav (daim duab ntawm leukocytosis), kev tshawb fawb - fluorography (FLG) lossis x-ray ntawm lub ntsws - daim duab ntawm lub ntsws nrog mob ntsws.
Kev kuaj ntshav tsis yog muab rau txhua tus, tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob peb cov tsos mob no. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau kuaj xyuas qhov tseeb, tus kws kho mob yuav tsis sau x-ray rau txhua tus neeg mob.
Tau kawg, X-ray yuav tsis ua tiav. Tab sis tom qab ntawd nws yuav nyuaj rau tus kws kho mob kom taw qhia txog qhov uas tau tshwm sim hauv lub ntsws. Yog li ntawd, kev sib ntaus tawm tsam mob ntsws yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm pulmonary pathologies, X-ray yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev txheej txheem.
FLG tau ua txhua xyoo rau kev tiv thaiv, thaum kuaj mob.
X-ray - twb tau siv los ua tiav kev kuaj mob thiab kev lees paub ntawm cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm FLG. Nws tsis yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau kev xoo hluav taws xob rov ua dua.
Kev txhaj tshuaj thib ob ntawm kev mob ntsws yog ua tiav txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nws nws yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws.kuj los saib xyuas kev kho tau zoo.
Contraindications rau x-rays
Contraindications yuav tsum tsawg. Qhov no tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum cev xeeb tub.
Yog tias qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm radiography ntau dua, nws tau ua tiav, tab sis nrog txhua qhov kev ceev faj: siv cov hlau lead aprons, cov x-rays tsawg tsawg, cov kev tshawb fawb tau nres.
Nws tseem yog contraindicated:
- cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 14-16;
- mob hnyav ntawm tus neeg mob;
- rau ntshav.
Yuav ua li cas yog txoj hauv kev
Txoj kev yog raws li cov cuab yeej ntawm x-ray beam kom dhau los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg opaque, thaum tuav nws cov haujlwm. Qhov no kuj siv tau rau fluorography ntawm lub hauv siab, x-rays, fluoroscopy. Cov hau kev sib txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv koob tshuaj hluav taws xob thiab txoj kev tau txais daim duab.
X-ray yog qhov tsis zoo, yog li cov duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm nws yog xim dawb thiab vice versa. Tib neeg lub cev yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txawv thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj ntau theem ntawm kev nqus ntawm X-rays.
1 Hauv daim duab lub ntsws nrog mob ntsws, nws hloov tawm tias cov xim tsis zoo tshaj plaws dawb, thiab cov pob txha, cov plab hnyuv, cov plab hnyuv txais xim sib txawv.
Qhov kawg ntawm daim duab tsis sib xws. Nrog lub ntsws noj qab nyob zoo, cov qauv tsuas yog txawv. Yog tias muaj mob ntsws, qhov chaw tsaus ntawm qhov chaw ntawm x-rays qhia tias foci ntawm o. Highlighted thaj chaw - ntaub so ntswghuab cua. Kev kuaj mob ntsws nyob rau hauv daim duab yog tsim nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum muaj:
- ib leeg lossis ntau qhov chaw;
- segmental seals;
- qhov kaj thiab qhov tsaus ntuj;
- hloov lub ntsws cag.
Yuav ua li cas mob ntsws zoo li ntawm x-rays
Inflammatory foci yog me - tsis ntau tshaj 3 hli, nruab nrab loj - tsis ntau tshaj 8 hli. Nrog rau qhov loj me sib npaug li 8-12 hli, lawv hais txog qhov mob loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsaus ntuj tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj nyob hauv ib ntu.
X-rays ntawm lobar pneumonia zoo li qhov tsaus nti loj ntawm qhov nruab nrab siv. Tej zaum nws yuav nyob ntawm ib lossis ob lub ntsws.
Lub dome ntawm lub diaphragm hloov, ntxoov ntxoo ntawm infiltration tshwm - ntawm ob sab los yog ob qho tib si, mediastinum kuj hloov mus rau qhov txhab. Tus qauv ntawm lub ntsws yog deformed kiag li.
Local pneumonia
Nws nyuaj rau kev kuaj mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem pib. Nrog focal pneumonia, cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj me me thiab lawv hu ua infiltrates (ib txwm ua rau muaj kev nce ntxiv thiab nthuav dav ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm lub ntsws). Hauv thawj hnub ntawm tus kab mob, infiltrates yuav tsis raug kuaj pom, tab sis tsis ntev, qhov kev mob tshwm sim ntawm kev cog lus tshwm sim hauv lawv qhov chaw.
Pneumonia on x-rays in me
Kev mob rau menyuam yaus tshwm sim nrog cov teeb meem tsis tu ncua thaum tsis muaj kev kho kom raug. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov ntawm txawm tias ib qho me me infiltrate mus rau hauv croupous pneumonia yog ib qho tshwm sim tsis tu ncua.
Snapshotmob ntsws nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam feem ntau qhia cov duab hauv qab no rau cov kws kho mob: infiltrates tsis ntau tshaj 2 hli, cov qog nqaij hlav tsis pom zoo, qhov chaw mob yog ntom thiab sib tshooj hauv paus ntawm lub ntsws. Cov qauv ntawm lub ntsws yog cuam tshuam, lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg yog o. Qhov no ua rau muaj teeb meem ntxiv hauv kev kuaj mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov me nyuam lub ntsws muaj qhov ntim me me, thiab muaj ntau cov kab mob ntawm lub ntsws ntawm ib cheeb tsam.
Interstitial pneumonia
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm interstitial pneumonia nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg laus, daim duab qhia txog ib tug loj lub ntsws cag vim hilar inflammatory infiltration. Cov chaw peribronchial nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog kaw. Cov kab mob bronchovascular yog unevenly dilated.
FLG - raws li ib txoj hauv kev kuaj mob ntsws
Fluorography tseem ceeb muaj nyob rau hauv kev xa hluav taws xob los ntawm tib neeg lub hauv siab thiab xa cov txiaj ntsig mus rau qhov screen, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau zaj duab xis.
Txoj kev yog qhov tsim nyog los kuaj tus kab mob TB, oncology, thiab kawm lwm yam kabmob. FLG tuaj yeem ntes tau:
- kev hloov pauv hauv lub bronchi thiab lub ntsws cov ntaub so ntswg uas nrog mob ntsws;
- exudation hauv ntsws;
- kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg hauv qee cov kab mob ntsws.
FLG Cov txiaj ntsig
Cov txheej txheem no los tshuaj xyuas cov tsos mob ntawm kev mob ntsws muaj nws qhov zoo. Qhov zoo ntawm fluorography muaj xws li:
- koob tshuaj tsawg;
- kev lag luam;
- muaj peev xwm ntawm daim ntawv thov loj;
- nrawm nrawm;
- muaj sijhawmtsim ib qho archive ntawm snapshots vim lawv qhov me me.
Types of fluorography
Zaj duab xis FLG yog txoj kev kuaj mob pheej yig tshaj plaws, tab sis hauv 15% ntawm cov xwm txheej tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tiag tiag, kev sib yuav tshwm sim, uas yog vim li cas txoj kev kawm yuav tsum tau rov ua dua. Thiab qhov no yog koob thib ob ntawm hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, daim duab no tsuas yog tau 1 daim xwb.
Digital FLG tsis muaj cov teeb meem no thiab cov koob tshuaj hluav taws xob tsawg dua ntawm no. Nrog cov software niaj hnub no, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas cov duab txawm tias tom qab kev xeem tiav.
Cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, thiab yog tias tsim nyog, tom qab digital fluorography ntawm lub ntsws, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem nug kom luam cov duab nws xav tau. Qhov no yuav tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem nyuaj ntawm kev kuaj mob, thaum koj xav tau mus ntsib ntau tus kws kho mob.
Fluorography tseem niaj hnub no tseem yog txoj kev tiv thaiv kev kuaj mob. Txhua xyoo, cov pej xeem ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation uas muaj hnub nyoog 18 xyoo dhau los ua fluorography.
Pneumonia ntawm fluorography
Nyob rau hauv qis qis ntawm lub ntsws ntawm txhua daim duab tshwj xeeb hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, pom qhov mob tshwm sim. Foci ntawm qhov mob loj dua 5 hli raug txiav txim siab, uas nyob hauv thaj chaw huv ntawm lub ntsws. Tab sis thaum kuaj X-ray tom ntej, cov kab mob no tsis tau lees paub.
Thaum fluorography, daim duab tsis meej ib txwm. Kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev txhim kho mob ntsws hauv daim duab tshwm sim los ntawm pom foci ntawm infiltration, nrog rau cov pob txha tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lub plawv. Txawm 1 kev sib txawv yuav tsum tau kuaj ntxiv.
Ntxiv rau, qhov pom ntawm cov duab ntxoov ntxoo nyias nyias tau suav tias yog lub cim ntawm kev mob ntsws ntawm FLG, tab sis lawv feem ntau tsis paub meej. Yog li ntawd, tsuas yog ib tus kws kho mob paub txog tuaj yeem paub nws.
Thaum nws los txog rau mob ntsws nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos nyob rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm congenital immunodeficiencies, FLG kuj qhia ib tug txhim khu kev qha pulmonary qauv. Lwm cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob tuaj yeem kuaj pom tsuas yog los ntawm lub hlis thib peb ntawm lub neej.
Qhov muaj ntau yam infiltrates nyob rau hauv qis lobes ntawm lub ntsws yuav qhia tau hais tias kev loj hlob ntawm mob ntsws nyob rau hauv daim duab fluorography.
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab lawv qhov chaw pom tseeb, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yuav xav tau nyob rau sab nraud thiab lub hom phiaj kev kwv yees. Yog hais tias muaj segmental ntsaws ruaj ruaj, lawv hais nyob rau hauv kev pom zoo ntawm croupous pneumonia. Cov hauv paus hniav nthuav dav ntawm cov ntsws hauv cov menyuam yaus ntawm FLH qhia tias mob bronchitis lossis bronchial edema.
fluorography thiab x-rays txhawm rau kuaj mob ntsws
Nws tuaj yeem kuaj pom mob ntsws nrog kev pab ntawm fluorography, tab sis tom qab ntawd, raws li txoj cai, kev kuaj mob ntxiv yog kev zam. Vim li cas? Txawm tias muaj ntau yam cim qhia, fluorography yuav tsis ib txwm qhia pathology.
Nws yuav kuaj pom muaj mob ntsws hauv daim duab, tab sis nws nyuaj rau kuaj pom nws keeb kwm, theem thiab hom siv FLG nkaus xwb. Cov duab nrog FLG yeej ib txwm coj hauv 1 qhov projection xwb. Qhov luaj li cas ntawm daim duab yog me me heev thiaj li yuav qhia tau cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv kom meej.
Qee yam mob ntsws ntawm FLG tsis pom txhua:
- Pneumocystis. Muaj cov kab mob ntsws uas hais tau zoo, nrog rau kev mob ntsws pneumatization.
- YMycoplasma thiab chlamydia. Tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv hloov pauv ntawm daim duab fluorographic.
Yog li nws hloov tawm tias qhov xoo hluav taws xob ntawm lub ntsws yog qhov qhia ntau thiab muaj txiaj ntsig: cov duab loj dua, thiab koj tuaj yeem pom zoo dua, thiab cov tshuaj hluav taws xob tau txais los ntawm tus neeg mob feem ntau tsawg dua.
Yog tias koj saib me me foci ntawm mob ntsws hauv daim duab, koj yuav xav tau x-ray ntawm lub ntsws hauv ob peb qhov projections.
Vim li ntawd, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov kev kuaj mob tshwj xeeb nrog kev pab los ntawm FLG. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau:
- kuaj xyuas cov txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab cov ntaub so ntswg;
- nrhiav lub cev txawv teb chaws hauv siab;
- txhais ntawm pneumothorax;
- saib xyuas qhov chaw ntawm cov catheters thiab cov hlab hauv cov hlab ntsha, cov hlab cua thiab cov hlab plawv;
- Kev ntsuas kev raug mob hauv siab.
Ntseeg ntawm radiography
X-ray hnub no kuj tau muab faib ua zaj duab xis thiab digital. Lub rhiab heev ntawm X-ray screen yog siab dua nrog fluorography. Tab sis tus nqi raug ntau dua, vim tias X-rays irradiate tag nrho cov nruab nrog cev. Tsis yog lub hauv siab xwb.
Yuav xaiv dab tsi: x-ray lossis fluorography
X-ray tso cai rau tus kws kho mob tshuaj xyuas qhov mob ntawm lub ntsws kom zoo dua thiab kuaj xyuas. Tab sis qhov no tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm tus nqi ntawm FLG. Hauv kev kuaj mob, ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb.
Txawm hais tias fluorography tsis yog txoj kev kuaj mob tshaj plaws, nws tuaj yeem pab txheeb xyuas lub ntsws pathology. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob zam nws, vim hais tias nws cov txiaj ntsig thaum kuaj pom ntxovcolossal.
