Morphine - yog dab tsi? Koj yuav pom cov lus teb rau lo lus nug hauv qab no. Ntxiv thiab, peb yuav tham txog yam tshuaj no siv rau, nws siv li cas, thiab lwm yam.
Morphine - yog dab tsi?
Hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, cov tshuaj "Morphine" yog cov hmoov dawb crystalline. Los ntawm txoj kev, "Morphine" yog nws lub npe qub. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lub npe ntawm cov khoom no los ntawm lub npe ntawm Greek vajtswv Morpheus, uas tau txib kev npau suav. Morphine yog ib qho tshuaj uas yog tshuaj yeeb tshuaj alkaloid. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov kua txiv qhuav ntawm cov tshuaj yej poppy. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem pom muaj nyob hauv cov tshuaj ntsuab xws li stephania, moonseed, synomenium, thiab lwm yam.
keeb kwm keeb kwm
Morphine - yog dab tsi? Nws yog ib qho tshuaj uas muaj analgesic, sedative thiab hypnotic nyhuv. Ib qho tshuaj ua los ntawm cov tshuaj no tau nquag siv hauv kev kho mob thaum ntxov li 1805. Tsis yog ib lub tsev kho mob tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj nws thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Asmeskas. Raws li ib tug muaj zog analgesic tshuaj, nws yog muab rau cov tub rog raug mob intravenously thiab intramuscularly tom qab kev phais. Qhov no zoo heev txo lawv txoj kev txom nyem. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tiasxws li ib lub cuab tam sai sai tau ntxiv. Tsis ntev, tus neeg mob tau raug mob tom qab siv cov tshuaj ntev ntev tau txais lub npe xws li "tub rog tus kab mob".
Raws li koj paub, thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, morphine tsis yog siv los ntawm tub rog nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog los ntawm cov kws kho mob uas xav kom tshem tawm qhov qaug zog nrog nws.
daim ntawv kho mob
Cov tshuaj "Morphine" muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj ntawm 0.01 g, 1% tov nyob rau hauv ampoules thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug 1 ml syringe-tube.
khoom yam khoom
Piav txog morphine (tshuaj kho mob), peb tuaj yeem sau nws cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:
- Cov tshuaj no yog tsim los ua cov koob dawb los yog cov hmoov dawb crystalline uas hloov me ntsis daj lossis grey ntawm qhov chaw cia.
- Tus neeg sawv cev zoo li no maj mam soluble hauv dej thiab tsis yooj yim soluble hauv cawv. Nws yog incompatible nrog alkalis. Cov tshuaj npaj yuav tsum tau sterilized ntawm 100 ° C rau ib nrab ib teev. Hydrochloric acid yog ntxiv rau stabilize nws.
- Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj no yog 254 ° C.
- Kev sib hloov ntawm kev daws teeb meem − 2%.
- Ignites ntawm 261°C.
- Nws pib qhov hluav taws xob tshwm sim ntawm 349 ° C.
Pharmacodynamics
Morphine yog ib yam tshuaj uas yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm pab pawg neeg ntawm opioid analgesics. Nws ua rau euphoria, txo cov tsos mob ntawm qhov mob, ua rau muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb ntawm lub siab, txhim kho kev xav, muab kev cia siab zoo, tsis hais txog ntawmlub xeev tiag tiag. Nws yog cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj no uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev thiab lub hlwb.
Nyob rau hauv cov koob tshuaj ntau, cov tshuaj no muaj zog hypnotic nyhuv. Tsis tas li ntawd, morphine inhibits tag nrho cov conditioned reflexes, ua rau miosis thiab txo qhov excitability ntawm hnoos chaw. Los ntawm kev ua kom lub suab nrov ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub cev hauv nruab nrog cev, nws ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm sphincter ntawm Oddi thiab biliary ib ntsuj av. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no ua rau lub plab zom mov tsis muaj zog, tab sis tib lub sijhawm ua kom lub plab zom mov thiab ua kom lub plab zom mov.
YPharmacokinetics
Feem ntau, morphine (ib qho tshuaj loog) tau muab tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, subcutaneously thiab intramuscularly. Txawm li cas los xij, siv qhov quav, qhov ncauj, epidural lossis intrathecal siv tau. Cov tshuaj no yog absorbed sai sai. Kwv yees li 20-40% ntawm cov tshuaj khi rau plasma proteins. Cov tshuaj "Morphine" hla cov placenta thiab tuaj yeem ua rau ua pa tsis zoo ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov tshuaj no muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua mis.
Thaum siv tshuaj intramuscularly, cov nyhuv ntawm morphine tshwm sim li ntawm 15-26 feeb. Kev faib tawm siab tshaj plaws hauv cov hlab ntsha tau ua tiav tom qab 35-45 feeb thiab kav li 3-5 teev.
Morphine tshuaj: daim ntawv thov
Tshuaj "Morphine" yog siv los ua tshuaj tua kab mob rau ntau yam kab mob thiab kev raug mob, nrog rau qhov mob hnyav heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog siv thaum npaj rau kev phais, thiabkuj nyob rau lub sij hawm postoperative. Feem ntau nws raug sau rau insomnia, hnoos hnyav thiab ua tsis taus pa, uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm mob plawv tsis ua hauj lwm.
Qee zaum "Morphine" yog siv hauv X-ray xyaum thaum kawm ntawm plab, gallbladder thiab duodenum. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj no pab kom lub suab ntawm cov leeg ntawm lub plab, ua rau kom nws peristalsis thiab accelerate lub plab. Ua tsaug rau cov nyhuv no, nws yooj yim dua rau cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov kab mob thiab cov qog ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev.
Cov lus qhia rau kev siv
Raws li koj paub, morphine hauv kev mob qog noj ntshav pab sai sai tshem tawm qhov mob, uas ua rau tus neeg mob zoo heev. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov kev kho no:
- suppresses mob hnyav hauv kev raug mob, malignant neoplasms, myocardial infarction thiab tsis ruaj khov angina;
- siv los ua tshuaj ntxiv rau hauv zos lossis tshuaj loog thaum phais;
- qee zaus siv rau kev yug menyuam, hnoos (yog tias lwm yam kev kho tsis zoo) thiab pulmonary edema;
- teem ua ntej x-ray kuaj lub plab, duodenum thiab gallbladder.
Contraindications rau kev siv
Cov tshuaj no tsis pom zoo rau kev mob siab rau cov khoom, kev nyuaj siab ntawm qhov chaw ua pa (piv txwv li, tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm cov yeeb tshuaj lossis cawv lom) thiab lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb, nrog rau cov plab hnyuv siab raum.kev cuam tshuam. Tsis tas li ntawd, morphine yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau tus txha caj qaum thiab epidural anesthesia.
Siv nrog kev saib xyuas hnyav
Siv cov tshuaj no nrog ceev faj heev rau qhov mob hauv plab rau qhov tsis paub yog vim li cas, lub siab lub ntsws, mob hawb pob, arrhythmias, convulsions, kev quav yeeb tshuaj, haus dej cawv, kev xav tua tus kheej, cholelithiasis, nrog rau thaum muaj kev phais mob ntawm cov zis. kab mob thiab kab mob ntawm lub plab zom mov. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo siv rau kev raug mob ntawm lub hlwb, prostatic hyperplasia, lub siab lossis lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, intracranial siab, urethral nruj, hypothyroidism, mob plab hnyuv loj, mob vwm, cev xeeb tub, lactation thiab tom qab kev phais ntawm lub plab biliary. Morphine kuj yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj heev hauv cov neeg mob hnyav, hauv cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus.
KOJ
Teb cov lus nug ntawm seb morphine yog dab tsi, koj yuav tsum tham txog nws qhov ntau npaum li cas.
Kev noj tshuaj, tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob. Tom qab tag nrho, kev kho mob yuav tsum tau xaiv nyob ntawm seb tus neeg rhiab heev thiab qhov mob ntawm qhov mob. Ib koob tshuaj no yog 10-20mg rau cov neeg laus thiab 0.2-0.8mg / kg rau menyuam yaus.
Rau qhov kev tso tawm ntxiv, ib koob tshuaj yuav tsum yog 10-100mg ob zaug ib hnub. Rau kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous - 1 mg, thiabrau intramuscular thiab intravenous - 10 mg txhua. Qhov siab tshaj plaws koob tshuaj txhua hnub yog 50 mg. Yog tias tus neeg mob xav tau kev tswj hwm qhov quav, ces cov hnyuv yuav tsum tau ntxuav ua ntej. Rau cov neeg laus, cov tshuaj suppositories tau muab rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 30 mg txhua 13 teev.
Ntau tshaj
Yog tias cov tshuaj no siv tsis raug, tus neeg mob yuav ntsib cov kev mob tshwm sim hauv qab no:
- txias thiab nplaum hws;
- tsis meej;
- faus;
- miosis;
- drowsy;
- intracranial hypertension;
- bradycardia;
- ntshai;
- ntse qaug zog;
- hypothermia;
- ua pa qeeb qeeb;
- dry mouth;
- xov xwm;
- kev nyuaj siab;
- kiv taub hau;
- txo qis ntshav siab;
- kev xav;
- txhawj xeeb;
- nqaij tawv, thiab lwm yam.
