Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj-toxicological ntawm cov zis

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj-toxicological ntawm cov zis
Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj-toxicological ntawm cov zis

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Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj-toxicological yog ib txoj hauv kev kuaj mob, uas yog tsom rau cov lej lossis kev lees paub zoo ntawm cov khoom txawv teb chaws hauv lub cev. Cov no tsis yog tsuas yog ntau yam co toxins, tab sis kuj yuav luag tag nrho cov tebchaw uas nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev los ntawm sab nraud.

Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam yog rau

Nyob rau hauv pharmacology muaj xws li ib yam li cov tshuaj toxicology. Rau feem ntau, peb tab tom tham txog kev kuaj mob toxicological nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej nrog lub ntsiab lus ntawm psychotropic thiab narcotic tshuaj, co toxins, tshuaj muaj zog, cawv. Kev ntsuam xyuas ntau yam kua hauv lub cev (feem ntau tso zis thiab ntshav), muaj thiab cov tshuaj lom ntau niaj hnub no suav tias yog ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem kuaj mob thiab kho.

Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj toxicology
Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj toxicology

Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj-toxicological ntawm cov zis

Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los tsim kom muaj qhov tseeb ntawm tus neeg koom nrog kev noj tshuaj yog kuaj zis. Qhov zoo ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no:

  • yooj yim ntawm cov zis - tsis xav tau tus neeg kuaj pom hauv chav kuaj;
  • zoo heevtshuaj concentration;
  • ib txwm muaj qhov ntim txaus ntawm cov khoom kuaj yog tias xav tau kev kuaj mob thib ob.

Kev kuaj zis kuaj pom kev siv tshuaj 3-6 hnub ua ntej kuaj. Piv txwv li, cannabinoids pom nyob rau hauv cov zis, thiab tom qab 3 lub lis piam tom qab noj, lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg adipose ntawm tus neeg mob. Tab sis lawv qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg txawv nyob rau lub sijhawm - qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab noj cov tshuaj narcotic hauv 20-22 hnub.

Urine diagnostics

Kev tshawb fawb tshuaj-toxicological tau ua nyob rau hauv ob txoj hauv kev:

  1. Immunochromatographic, uas yog ib qho kev nthuav qhia thiab ua tiav tom qab tso zis. Cov txiaj ntsig tau npaj tiav tom qab 10-15 feeb, nrog kev pab los ntawm nws 14 hom tshuaj tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas.
  2. Tshuaj-toxicological - kuaj pom txhua yam tshuaj yeeb thiab tshuaj puas siab puas ntsws. Kev tshuaj xyuas siv sijhawm 4 hnub.
tshuaj toxicology kuaj rau kev ruaj ntseg
tshuaj toxicology kuaj rau kev ruaj ntseg

Immunochromatographic method

Cov txheej txheem no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua qhov kev sim los txiav txim siab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev noj cov tshuaj xws li:

  • cocaine;
  • amphetamine thiab nws cov formations (ecstasy, methamphetamine);
  • opiates (codeine, heroin, morphine);
  • barbiturates ("Cyclobarbital", "Barbamil", "Phenobarbital");
  • cannabinoids;
  • cawv nyob rau hauv cov zis (rau cov khoom xws li tshuaj, tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj lom neeg kev tshawb fawb tseem tab tom ua);
  • opioids("Phencyclidine", "Tramadol", "Methadone");
  • benzodiazepines ("Nitrazepam", "Relanium", "Diazepam", "Seduxen", "Phenazepam");
  • tshuaj los ntawm hemp (hashish, marijuana).

Kev kuaj zis rau tshuaj

Cov kua ntsuas, tau nqus thiab txav mus los ntawm cov txheej txheem adsorbing nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov khoom tsim los yog nws cov metabolites, reacts nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb, tsim kom muaj "antigen-antibody" ua ke. Cov tom kawg reacts nrog cov antigen immobilized ntawm cov tshuaj ntsuam strip nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 1 txog 5. Tib lub sijhawm, cov cim liab ntawm daim kab xev tsis tshwm sim yog tias qhov saturation ntawm cov tshuaj hauv cov qauv tsis pub dhau qhov txwv.

tshuaj toxicity kuaj rau riam phom
tshuaj toxicity kuaj rau riam phom

Yog tias tsis muaj tshuaj narcotic, lossis nws qhov concentration qis dua qhov kev txwv, ces cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv thaj chaw kuaj kab mob pib cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no, pom ib kab liab liab. Thiab daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshuaj toxicological ntxiv tau lees paub qhov no. Kev tshawb pom ntawm cov kab nrib pleb hauv qhov kev tswj xyuas qhia qhov kev ntseeg tau ntawm kev kuaj xyuas thiab kev kuaj mob ntawm nws cov ntsiab lus.

Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam ua rau pom tsuas yog ib kab liab liab hauv thaj chaw tswj hwm, uas qhia tau tias muaj cov tshuaj narcotic. Qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, ua rau cov tsos ntawm ob kab liab liab nyob rau hauv cheeb tsamxeem, uas yog, qhia tias tsis muaj tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv xeem los yog paub meej tias nws saturation tsawg tshaj li qhov txwv.

Txoj kev kuaj tshuaj

Kev sim ua haujlwm (xws li kev sim tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj lom neeg rau riam phom) thiab kev tshuaj xyuas cov txiaj ntsig txawv me ntsis nyob ntawm seb leej twg yog qhov kev xeem thiab qhov twg nws tau ua. Txhua yam mus zoo li no: cov zis tau muab tso rau hauv lub thawv huv ntawm 50 ml, qhov kev sim tam sim ntawd ua tiav, thiab qhov tshwm sim nws tus kheej tshwm tom qab 15-20 feeb. Yog tias muaj cov tshuaj narcotic tau lees paub, ces qhov kev tshuaj xyuas yuav raug muab los ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog cov tshuaj narcotic hauv cov zis los ntawm txoj kev immunochromatic.

daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshuaj toxicological
daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshuaj toxicological

Tshuaj lom neeg txoj kev

hom tshuaj ntsuam tshuaj no suav nrog:

  1. Study zis rau cawv los ntawm roj-kua chromatography.
  2. Enzymatic immunoassay (IMA) ntawm psychotropic thiab narcotic ntsiab nyob rau hauv zis.
  3. Urine tshuaj kuaj los ntawm chromato-mass spectrometry.
  4. Polarization fluorescent immunoassay (PFIA) ntawm cov zis rau ib yam ntawm cov tshuaj hauv qab no (amphetamines, benzodiazepines, "Methadone", cocaine, "Phencyclidine", cannabinoids, barbiturates, opiates). Rau tag nrho cov pab pawg no, muab daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj lom neeg kuaj.

Txoj cai xaiv cov khoom

Kev xaiv yog ua tiav hauv ib puag ncig uas tsis suav nrog qhov muaj peev xwm hloov pauv lossis hloov pauvbiological khoom. Cov zis yog sau los ntawm cov neeg kawm nyob rau hauv ib tug yas kawm tiav los yog iav thawv nrog ib tug dav caj dab nrog ib tug ntim ntawm tsawg kawg yog 30 thiab tsis ntau tshaj 200 ml. Tus neeg raug kuaj muab lub thawv nrog cov kua rau hauv chav kuaj pab rau kev soj ntsuam.

Thaum tso zis rau kev kuaj tshuaj thiab tshuaj toxicological rau qhov muaj cawv, nws cov metabolites thiab surrogates, tom qab kuaj, nws yog poured rau hauv ib tug qhuav sterile thawv nrog ib tug ntim ntawm 10 ml, kaw nrog ib tug roj hmab stopper thiab txhaws..

daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshuaj toxicological
daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshuaj toxicological

Yuav kom ua tiav kev tshawb fawb tshuaj lom neeg-tshuaj lom rau riam phom kom muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws, tshuaj lom thiab tshuaj narcotic, nrog rau cawv thiab nws cov khoom hloov pauv, cov zis yuav tsum raug thauj mus rau hauv chav kuaj tsis pub dhau ob hnub txij li hnub tim. hnub sau. Lub khob noom cookie ua kua yog muab cia rau hauv lub tub yees kom txog thaum xa. Sau cov zis nrog cov ntaub ntawv xa tuaj rau hauv lub thawv kaw thiab kaw rau hauv lub hnab txias los ntawm courier.

Tshuaj-tshuaj lom tshuaj lom neeg rau kev ruaj ntseg

Raws li kev tsim kho tshiab, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas thiab cov neeg saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kev kho mob txhua xyoo, uas suav nrog kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj lom neeg rau kev muaj tshuaj, tshuaj psychotropic thiab lawv cov metabolites hauv lub cev.

Ib tug pej xeem ntawm Russia, txhawm rau kom tau daim ntawv tso cai yuav riam phom lossis txuas ntxiv txoj cai rau nws, yuav tsum xa mus rau lub koom haum sab hauv ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv daim ntawv pov thawj kho mob lees paub tias tsis muaj tshuaj yeeb hauv lub cev. Cov ntaub ntawv no siv tau raws nraim ib xyoos.

ua kev tshawb fawb tshuaj toxicological
ua kev tshawb fawb tshuaj toxicological

Nws tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj lom neeg thiab tshuaj lom neeg rau kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb thiab kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho mob puas siab puas ntsws-narcologist rau kev kho mob txwv tsis pub nqa riam phom yog nqa tawm hauv tsev kho mob ntawm qhov chaw nyob thiab ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm pej xeem cov nyiaj tau los..

Txoj cai txhawm rau kuaj pom muaj tshuaj nyob hauv lub cev thaum kuaj mob

Cov kev xav tau tam sim no suav nrog kev npaj rau kev txiav txim siab muaj cov tshuaj yeeb lossis tshuaj puas siab puas ntsws hauv lub cev thaum ua kev kuaj mob rau lub xeev kev qaug cawv ntawm tus neeg mob uas tsav tsheb:

  1. Kev lees paub ntawm cov tshuaj lossis cov tshuaj puas siab puas ntsws hauv tib neeg lub cev yog ua tiav los ntawm kev xa mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj lom neeg-tshuaj lom los ntawm kws kho mob, uas qhia txog kev qaug cawv ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb thauj mus los.
  2. Kev txiav txim siab pom muaj tshuaj yeeb lossis tshuaj puas siab puas ntsws yog ua tiav hauv chav kuaj ntawm cov koom haum uas tuav daim ntawv tso cai ua haujlwm kho mob nrog cov npe ntawm cov kev pabcuam cuam tshuam.
  3. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj lom neeg thaum tsim kom muaj cov tshuaj psychotropic lossis tshuaj raug kaw hauv daim ntawv pov thawj nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj ntsuam xyuas (cov lus qhia thiab daim ntawv txiav txim los ntawm Ministry of He alth thiab Social Development ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab Federation).
  4. Ib daim ntawv lees paub qhov kev tshawb fawb chemotoxic txuas nrogib daim qauv ntawm kev kuaj mob rau lub xeev intoxication ntawm tus neeg tsav tsheb.
  5. Txoj cai rau kev siv tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj lom neeg kuaj, lub sijhawm ntawm nws kev coj ua, nrog rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm tau txiav txim los ntawm Ministry of He alth ntawm Russia.
tshuaj toxicological kuaj cov zis
tshuaj toxicological kuaj cov zis

Leej twg xav tau kev tshawb fawb xws li

Cov txheej txheem piav qhia yuav tsum tau ua:

  • cov neeg nyob sab nraud ntawm Lavxias teb sab rau kev tso npe raug cai ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsiv teb tsaws chaw;
  • cov neeg nkag mus rau theem nrab, cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab, thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm kawm hauv tub rog;
  • cov me nyuam uas niam txiv muaj laj thawj ntseeg tias lawv noj tshuaj;
  • ntxhais ua haujlwm ntiav neeg hauv txoj haujlwm uas tau txiav txim siab;
  • thaum ua kev kuaj mob rau kev siv yeeb tshuaj, cawv, thaum tsim kev txhaum hauv kev sib tsoo tsheb.

Nws tseem yuav teb lo lus nug kawg: "Qhov twg mus kawm tshuaj lom neeg-tshuaj lom?" Cov txheej txheem no yog ua nyob rau hauv cov chaw kuaj mob tshwj xeeb ntawm cov chaw kho mob intoxication.

Pom zoo: