Muab ib tug neeg thiab tag nrho nws lub cev nrog lub zog, lub cev zom glycogen thiab tsim cov piam thaj. Rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb, nws yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov khw muag khoom glycogen tsawg heev. Thaum lawv khiav tawm, lub cev hloov mus rau lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub zog - ketones. Hauv cov zis thiab ntshav ntawm tus neeg noj qab haus huv, lawv xyaum tsis tuaj. Kev tshawb pom ntawm cov tshuaj no hauv kev tshuaj xyuas qhia tau hais tias muaj kab mob uas twb muaj lawm.
YKetones yog dab tsi
Lub npe "ketone" los ntawm German "acetone". Ketones yog cov khoom uas nws cov molecules muaj cov organic compound ntawm oxygen nrog hydrogen thiab ob hydrocarbon radicals. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm ketones. Piv txwv li, ubiquinone, nws tseem ceeb heev rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub plawv. Lawv muaj cov ketone pawg, paub zoo fructose, menthone, uas yog ib feem ntawm kev npaj kho qhov ncauj, carvone, siv hauv kev lag luam zaub mov, progesterone, cortisone, txawm tias tetracycline. Peb txhua tus muaj ketones hauv cov zis thiab cov ntshav, tso tawm kwv yees li 20-50 mg txhua hnub, ntawm 70% tsis muaj beta-hydroxybutyric acid, 36% muaj zog dua.acetoacetic acid thiab 4% rau acetone. Cov ntsiab lus kawg yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus, vim tias nws tuaj yeem tawm ntawm lub cev thaum ua pa. Lange, Kev Cai Lij Choj thiab lwm yam tsis qhia qhov meager tus nqi ntawm cov qauv. Tias yog vim li cas nws thiaj ntseeg tias nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg noj qab nyob zoo, cov qauv ntawm ketones nyob rau hauv cov zis yog lawv tsis tiav.
Ketonuria thiab ketoacidosis
Hauv tshuaj, muaj ntau yam xwm txheej cuam tshuam nrog ketones. Thaum muaj ntau ntawm lawv hauv cov ntshav, lawv tham txog ketonemia, thiab hauv cov zis - txog ketonuria. Nrog rau cov ntsiab lus siab txaus ntawm ketone lub cev, PH pib cuam tshuam thiab ketoacidosis tsim. Yog hais tias muaj ntau ntawm ketones, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntshav kom txog thaum electrolyte hloov pauv, lawv hais txog ketosis. Ketonuria yog pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas tsis muaj protein ntau, rog lossis carbohydrate metabolism. Tus mob no feem ntau tshwm sim rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub.
Muaj ntau yam uas ua rau kuaj pom ketones hauv cov zis. Cov laj thawj yog raws li nram no:
- mob ntshav qab zib mellitus;
- pancreatitis;
- cawv qaug cawv;
- mob hlwb raug mob;
- hemorrhages;
- kev ua haujlwm ntawm daim nyias nyias ntawm lub hlwb;
- muaj zog excitation ntawm lub paj hlwb;
- ntau yam mob nqaij;
- kab mob hnyav;
- glycogen teeb meem hauv lub cev;
- thyrotoxicosis;
- kev tawm dag zog ntau dhau;
- dysentery;
- frostbite;
- mob npaws;
- intoxication;
- malnutrition (ntau hnubtshaib plab).
Ketones hauv zis ntawm tus menyuam
Hauv cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 13 xyoos, tab sis feem ntau mus txog 10 xyoo, ketones tuaj yeem tawm hauv cov zis ntau ntau. Yog tias qhov no tsis cuam tshuam nrog ntshav qab zib, qhov ua rau yog ua txhaum ntawm acid-base tshuav nyiaj li cas. Cov tsos mob:
- muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm acetone los ntawm lub qhov ncauj;
- xeev siab;
- qaug zog, qee zaum ua rau qaug zog;
- mob taub hau (tshwm sim sai sai);
- ntuav heev;
- kev qaug zog;
- qee zaum muaj mob hauv plab.
Thaum tawm tsam nws raug pom zoo kom muab "Stimol", "Citrargenin", dej qab zib (tshuaj yej, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, dej qab zib). Kev noj zaub mov ntawm cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum tau noj zaub mov nruj me ntsis, tsis suav nrog cov khoom noj muaj roj, muffins, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov khoom qab zib ntxiv, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub qaub, dej qab zib carbonated. Thaum qhov kev tawm tsam dhau mus, tus me nyuam tus mob yuav ruaj khov dua los yog tsawg dua. Kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, yoo mov, kev ntxhov siab hauv cov menyuam mos, thiab qee cov kab mob sib kis tuaj yeem ua rau menyuam yaus tsis yog mob ntshav qab zib ketonuria.
Ketonuria thaum cev xeeb tub
Ketones hauv cov zis thaum cev xeeb tub tuaj yeem ua rau mob toxicosis thaum ntxov, nrog rau cov kab mob tshwj xeeb hu ua ntshav qab zib gestational, uas tshwm sim hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub nkaus xwb. Nws tshwm sim thaum muaj kev ua txhaum ntawm carbohydrate metabolism hauv lub cev ntawm leej niam expectant thiab feem ntau pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov kev ntsuam xyuas. Tus poj niam nws tus kheej yuav tsis hnov txog kev hloov pauv pathological. Txawm li cas los xij, tus kab mob no feem ntau yogCov xwm txheej dhau los tom qab yug menyuam tuaj yeem yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntshav qab zib mellitus zoo tib yam, nrog rau cov kab mob endocrine. Yog tias qhov kev ntsuam xyuas pom muaj ketones hauv cov zis, tus poj niam cev xeeb tub yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ntxiv txhawm rau txiav txim seb muaj ntshav qab zib thiab kab mob thyroid. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los tsim kom muaj kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, ua haujlwm txhua hnub, tshem tawm tag nrho kev siv dej cawv, tshuaj lom thiab tshuaj lom.
Ketonuria hauv ntshav qab zib mellitus
Hauv cov neeg uas vam khom cov tshuaj insulin, ketones hauv cov zis muaj nyob hauv ib hnub txog li 50 g. Lub xeev no yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau qhov txo qis sai heev, tsis pub ntau tshaj 2 hnub. Qhov no ua tiav los ntawm kev kho cov tshuaj insulin. Cov zis rau kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum tau noj txhua 4 teev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ketonuria hauv cov menyuam mos liab. Txog li 10% ntawm lawv, nws xaus rau hauv kev tuag. Feem ntau, ketonuria tau pom hauv cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom I, uas yog, nyob ntawm insulin. Hauv txhua tus neeg mob ntshav qab zib mellitus, qhov nce hauv ketones tshwm sim rau cov laj thawj hauv qab no:
- koob tshuaj insulin tsis txaus;
- tsis tau txhaj tshuaj lossis cov tshuaj insulin tsis zoo (tawg);
- kis kab mob thiab mob khaub thuas (sinusitis, mob ntsws, mob meningitis thiab lwm yam);
- cov teeb meem thyroid thiab cuam tshuam;
- mob plawv, mob stroke;
- raug mob, phais;
- kev nyuaj siab;
- noj tshuaj hormonal contraceptives.
Ketones, ntshav qab zib thiab cev xeeb tub
Ib qho tseem ceeb qhia txog qhov muaj ntshav qab zib yog kev kuaj pom nrog rau ketones hauv cov zis ntawm cov piam thaj. Yog tias ob yam khoom no tau pom nyob rau hauv thawj peb lub hlis twg, muaj qhov tshwm sim siab tias tus poj niam muaj ntshav qab zib muaj tseeb uas tshwm sim ua ntej cev xeeb tub. Cov mob no yog qhov tsis zoo rau ob qho tib si leej niam expectant thiab tus me nyuam hauv plab. Nws hem ib tug poj niam uas muaj polyhydramnios, nyuaj yug me nyuam, kab mob vascular, hypoglycemia, fetal fading, rho menyuam, ntxov ntxov thiab lig preeclampsia, hnyav toxicosis. Tus me nyuam tuaj yeem yug los nrog ntau yam tsis xws luag. Kev ua txhaum ntawm tus kab mob yog pom nyob rau hauv 1.3% ntawm cov me nyuam yog hais tias leej niam yog insulin-dependant, thiab nyob rau hauv 6.1% yog leej txiv mob. Yog tias pom muaj ketones hauv cov zis thaum cev xeeb tub, thiab kev kuaj mob ntawm cov ntshav qab zib mellitus zoo tib yam tau lees paub, tus niam uas muaj kev cia siab yuav tsum tau txais kev kho mob los ntawm kws kho mob thiab mus noj zaub mov nruj.
Txoj kev kuaj mob
Kev txiav txim siab ntawm ketones hauv cov zis tuaj yeem nqa tawm hauv chav kuaj thiab hauv tsev. Txoj cai xeem yog pej xeem. Txhawm rau ua nws, ib qho tshwj xeeb strip impregnated nrog cov tshuaj alkaline thiab sodium nitroprusside tso rau hauv cov zis rau 1 feeb. Cov khoom ntawm impregnating daws yog xws li tias yog tias muaj ntau ntxiv ntawm ketones hauv cov zis, lawv hloov xim ntawm dawb mus rau xim av-liab. Cov xim ci dua, qhov ntau ketones nws muaj. Lawv tus lej qhov kev xeem no tsuas yog qhia txog kwv yees li. Yog xav paub ntau ntxiv, kuaj ntshav. Tab sis muaj qhov txiaj ntsig loj heev hauv Kev Xeem Kev Cai - nwsKoj tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej suav tsis txheeb. Muab nws rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib, cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, cov menyuam yaus uas muaj acetonemic syndrome. Thaum kho nrog cov tshuaj ntawm sulfhydryl pawg (Captopril, Kapoten thiab lwm yam), qhov kev sim tsis ua pov thawj rau nws tus kheej thiab yuav ua rau muaj qhov tsis tseeb.
Kev kho thiab tiv thaiv
Ketosis tuaj yeem kho tom tsev. Qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau tus neeg mob yog kev noj zaub mov nruj. Ntawm cov tshuaj tau sau tseg txhais tau tias "Cocarboxylase", "Essentiale", "Splenin", "Methionine". Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov nce hauv ketones hauv cov zis, cov khoom noj hauv qab no raug txwv:
- kua zaub los yog borsch ntawm pob txha, ntses, nceb broth;
-offal;
- nqaij npuas;
- pickles, marinades;
- ntses dej (tshwj tsis yog pike thiab zander);
- crayfish;
- cov khoom noj rog, nrog rau tsev cheese thiab cheese;
- txiv apples, citrus txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cherries;
- qee yam zaub (txiv lws suav, kua txob, eggplant, sorrel, spinach, rhubarb);
- nceb;
- cov kua ntses (mayonnaise, ketchup, adjika);
- ncuav qab zib, chocolate, muffin;
- kas fes, dej qab zib, tshuaj yej dub.
Khoom noj yuav txwv:
- nqaij kaus poom;
- nqaij nruab deg;
- herring;
- legumes;
- pasta;
- khob noom, biscuits;
- qee cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (txiv tsawb, kiwi);
- qaub cream.
Nyob rau hauv kev nce qib ketosis thiab ketoacidosis, kev kho mob tau ua hauv tsev kho mob. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov xwm txheej no muaj nyob rau hauv kev noj zaub mov kom raug thiab hom mos. Hnub, thiab rau cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib - nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj insulin thiab saib xyuas cov ketones hauv cov zis.
