Kev kawm txog kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau tib neeg. Txog rau tam sim no, ntau tus prokaryotes tau raug tshawb pom, uas txawv ntawm ib leeg hauv cov kab mob, thaj chaw faib khoom, cov duab, qhov loj me, tus naj npawb ntawm flagella, thiab lwm yam. Txhawm rau kawm txog cov kab mob no kom ntxaws, siv txoj kev tshawb fawb bacteriological.
Yuav ua li cas yog txoj hauv kev los tshuaj xyuas cov kab mob?
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb cov kab mob puas yog pathogenic, kab lis kev cai raug tshuaj xyuas ntau txoj hauv kev. Ntawm lawv:
1. Bacterioscopic method.
2. Bacteriological method.
3. Biological method.
Bacterioscopic thiab bacteriological txoj kev tshawb fawb yog ua raws ncaj qha los ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov hlwb prokaryotic, thaum kev tshawb fawb lom neeg yuav tsum tau kawm txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov hlwb ntawm cov tsiaj nyob hauv cov tsiaj sim. Raws li qib ntawm kev tshwm sim ntawm qee yam cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob, tus kws tshawb fawb tuaj yeem uaKev txiav txim siab txog qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj cov kab mob pathogenic hauv cov qauv, nrog rau ib txwm nthuav tawm hauv cov tsiaj lub cev kom tau txais lawv cov kab lis kev cai thiab siv hauv lwm yam haujlwm.
Cov txheej txheem bacteriological ntawm kev tshawb fawb txawv ntawm bacterioscopic. Nyob rau hauv thawj, ib tug tshwj xeeb npaj kab lis kev cai ntawm nyob prokaryotes yog siv rau kev tsom xam, thaum nyob rau hauv lub thib ob, kev ua hauj lwm yog nqa tawm nrog cov tuag los yog nyob hlwb ntawm lub iav swb.
theem ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb bacteriological. Microbiology
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kawm cov khoom ntawm kab lis kev cai kab mob tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig rau ob qho tib si rau microbiologists uas tau teem lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kawm cov hlwb prokaryotic, thiab rau cov kws kuaj mob uas nws lub luag haujlwm yog tsim kom muaj cov kab mob lossis cov kab mob tsis zoo ntawm cov kab mob, thiab ces kuaj tus neeg mob.
Txoj kev kawm cov kab mob tau muab faib ua peb theem:
1. Kev cais cov kab mob los ntawm cov qauv qub.
2. Sowing kab mob thiab loj hlob ib tug ntshiab kab lis kev cai, kawm nws cov khoom.
3. Kev kawm paub meej ntawm cov kab mob hlwb.
First stage
Cov qauv, lossis smear, yog muab los ntawm qhov chaw dawb ntawm qhov nruab nrab lossis los ntawm tus neeg mob. Yog li, peb tau txais ib qho "cocktail" ntawm ntau hom kab mob uas yuav tsum tau sown rau ntawm qhov nruab nrab as-ham. Qee lub sij hawm nws tuaj yeem cais cov kab mob tsim nyog tam sim ntawd, paub txog lawv cov foci ntawm kev faib tawm hauv lub cev.
Tom qab ob lossis peb hnub, cov cheeb tsam xav tau raug xaiv thiabyog sown rau ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm Petri tais diav nrog kev pab los ntawm ib lub voj tsis muaj menyuam. Ntau lub chaw soj nstuam ua haujlwm nrog cov raj xa dej, uas tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom siv los yog kua zaub mov. Qhov no yog li cas txoj kev bacteriological ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv microbiology yog ua.
theem ob
Tom qab tau txais ib tus neeg nyob hauv cov kab mob, qhov ncaj qha macro- thiab microanalysis raug ua. Tag nrho cov kev ntsuas ntawm cov cheeb tsam yog ntsuas, cov xim thiab cov duab ntawm lawv txhua tus yog txiav txim. Nws tsis yog tsis yooj yim sua kom suav cov cheeb tsam ntawm Petri tais thiab tom qab ntawd hauv cov khoom pib. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob pathogenic, tus naj npawb ntawm cov uas nyob ntawm qib ntawm tus kab mob.
Bacteriological method of research, the 2nd stage of which is to study individual colonies of microorganisms, can be connected with a biological method for analysis bacteria. Lwm lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nyob rau theem no yog kom nce tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom noj, lossis koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kev sim hauv vivo ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj sia nyob. Cov kab mob pathogenic yuav ntau ntxiv, thiab vim li ntawd, cov ntshav yuav muaj ntau lab ntawm cov hlwb prokaryotic. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los npaj cov khoom tsim nyog ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm cov ntshav.
Third stage
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb yog kev txiav txim siab ntawm morphological, biochemical, toxigenic thiab antigenic zog ntawm cov kab mob kab mob. Kev ua haujlwm yog ua tiav nrog cov kab lis kev cai ua ntej ntxuav ntawm cov khoom nruab nrab, nrog rau kev npaj (feem ntau stained) nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ntsuas.
Tau tswvpathogenic los yog opportunistic kab mob mus rau ib tug los yog lwm yam systematic pab pawg neeg, raws li zoo raws li txiav txim lawv tsis kam mus rau cov tshuaj, tso cai rau bacteriological txoj kev tshawb fawb. Kauj Ruam 3 - tshuaj tua kab mob, piv txwv li kev soj ntsuam ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov kab mob ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj hauv ib puag ncig.
Kev kawm txog tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm kab lis kev cai yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum nws tsim nyog los sau cov tshuaj tsim nyog, thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ib tus neeg mob. Nov yog qhov uas txoj kev tshawb fawb bacteriological tuaj yeem pab tau.
Kev loj hlob nruab nrab yog dab tsi?
Rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, cov kab mob yuav tsum nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus npaj ua ntej. Los ntawm kev sib xws, lawv tuaj yeem ua kua lossis khoom, thiab los ntawm keeb kwm - zaub lossis tsiaj.
Basic media requirements:
1. Sterility.
2. Qhov siab tshaj plaws pob tshab.
3. Qhov ntsuas tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm acidity, osmotic siab, dej ua haujlwm thiab lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig lom neeg.
Tau txais kev cais cais
1. Drygalsky txoj kev. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb hais tias ib tug smear nrog ntau hom kab mob yog siv rau cov kab mob voj voog. Lub voj no tau dhau los ntawm thawj Petri tais nrog cov khoom noj nruab nrab. Ntxiv mus, yam tsis hloov lub voj, txoj kev ntawm cov khoom seem yog nqa tawm ntawm ob thiab thib peb Petri tais diav. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub xeem cov qauv ntawm cov colony, cov kab mob yuav tsis tau seedly densely, yog li simplifying lub peev xwm los nrhiav cov tsim nyog sawv daws yuav ua hauj lwm.kab mob.
2. Txoj kev Koch. Nws siv cov raj kuaj nrog cov khoom nruab nrab molten. Ib lub voj lossis pipette nrog smear ntawm cov kab mob yog muab tso rau ntawd, tom qab ntawd cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov raj xa mus rau lub phaj tshwj xeeb. Agar (los yog gelatin) solidifies tom qab ib co sij hawm, thiab nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus nrhiav tau lub xav cell colonies nyob rau hauv nws thickness. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau dilute qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov hlab ntsha ua ntej pib ua haujlwm kom cov concentration ntawm cov kab mob tsis siab dhau.
Txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov kab mob bacteriological, cov theem ntawm cov txheej txheem yog raws li kev sib cais ntawm cov kab mob uas xav tau ntawm cov kab mob, tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj ob txoj hauv kev los nrhiav cov neeg nyob ib leeg.
tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob
Pom pom, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov tshuaj tuaj yeem pom hauv ob txoj hauv kev:
1. Paper disc method.
2. Kev yug me nyuam cov kab mob thiab tshuaj tua kab mob hauv cov kua nruab nrab.
Daim ntawv disc txoj kev yuav tsum muaj kab lis kev cai ntawm cov kab mob uas tau cog rau ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus nruab nrab. Nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug nruab nrab muab ob peb daim ntawm rounded daim ntawv soaked nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj ua tiav nrog cov neutralization ntawm cov kab mob hlwb, tom qab xws li kev kho mob yuav muaj ib cheeb tsam uas tsis muaj cov colonies. Yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo, cov kab mob yuav ciaj sia.
Thaum siv cov khoom nruab nrab ua kua, ua ntej npaj ob peb lub raj tshuaj nrog cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau ntxiv rau cov hlab ntsha no, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj thiab cov kab mob tau pom thaum nruab hnub. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo tau txais, raws li qhov ua tautxiav txim qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov tshuaj rau cov qoob loo.
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas
Ntawm no teev cov hom phiaj thiab theem ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb bacteriological.
1. Tau txais cov khoom pib uas yuav siv los cais cov kab mob kab mob. Nws tuaj yeem yog smear los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm txhua yam khoom, mucous membrane lossis kab noj hniav ntawm tib neeg lub cev, kuaj ntshav.
2. Cultivation ntawm kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv ib tug khoom noj khoom haus nruab nrab. Tom qab 24-48 teev, cov cheeb tsam ntawm ntau hom kab mob tuaj yeem pom ntawm Petri phaj. Peb xaiv qhov xav tau raws li cov txheej txheem morphological thiab / lossis biochemical thiab ua haujlwm ntxiv nrog nws.
3. Propagation ntawm lub resulting kab lis kev cai. Txoj kev tshawb fawb kab mob bacteriological tuaj yeem ua raws li kev siv tshuab lossis kev siv roj ntsha ntawm kev ua kom cov kab mob ntau ntxiv. Hauv thawj qhov xwm txheej, kev ua haujlwm yog nqa tawm nrog cov khoom siv los yog kua khoom noj khoom haus, uas cov kab mob sib xyaw ua ke hauv qhov ntsuas kub thiab tsim cov kab ke tshiab. Cov txheej txheem lom neeg yuav tsum muaj tej yam ntuj tso rau kev nce cov kab mob, yog li ntawm no cov tsiaj sim tau kis kab mob. Tom qab ob peb hnub, ntau cov prokaryotes tuaj yeem pom hauv cov ntshav los yog smear.
4. Ua hauj lwm nrog purified kab lis kev cai. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab txoj haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob, nrog rau lawv cov kab mob pathogens, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum ua tib zoo txheeb xyuas cov hlwb raws li morphological thiab biochemical yam ntxwv. Thaum kawm cov kab mob pathogenic ntawm cov kab mob, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paubCov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo npaum li cas.
Qhov no yog ib qho kev qhia dav dav ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb bacteriological.
Txoj kev tsom xam
Txoj cai tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb bacteriological yog qhov siab tshaj plaws kom tsis muaj menyuam. Yog tias koj ua haujlwm nrog cov raj kuaj, kab lis kev cai thiab subcultures ntawm cov kab mob yuav tsum tau nqa tawm tsuas yog hla lub teeb hluav taws kub.
Txhua theem ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb bacteriological yuav tsum tau siv lub voj tshwj xeeb lossis Pasteur pipette. Ob lub cuab yeej yuav tsum tau kho ua ntej nyob rau hauv cov nplaim taws ntawm lub teeb cawv. Raws li rau Pasteur pipette, ntawm no, ua ntej thermal sterilization, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau tawg tawm ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub pipette nrog tweezers.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev cog cov kab mob kuj muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Ua ntej, thaum inoculating ntawm cov khoom siv xov xwm, lub voj kab kab mob kis mus rau saum npoo ntawm agar. Lub voj, ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsum muaj cov qauv ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau saum npoo. Inoculation rau hauv kab lis kev cai nruab nrab kuj tau xyaum, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas lub voj los yog pipette yuav tsum mus txog rau hauv qab ntawm lub Petri phaj.
Thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov kua dej, cov raj siv tau siv. Ntawm no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov kua dej tsis txhob kov cov npoo ntawm chav kuaj iav los yog cov twj tso kua mis, thiab cov cuab yeej siv (pipette, voj voog) tsis txhob kov cov khoom txawv teb chaws thiab qhov chaw.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb lom neeg
Cov kab mob kuaj kab mob muaj nws cov kev siv tau zoo. Feem ntaubacteriological kev tshawb fawb txoj kev yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Piv txwv li, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los kawm txog microflora ntawm tus neeg mob txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho qhov kev kuaj mob kom raug, nrog rau kev txhim kho txoj kev kho kom raug. Ib qho tshuaj tua kab mob pab ntawm no, uas yuav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Kev tshuaj xyuas cov kab mob yog siv hauv chav kuaj txhawm rau kuaj cov kab mob txaus ntshai xws li tuberculosis, rov ua npaws lossis kab mob gonorrhea. Nws kuj yog siv los kawm txog cov kab mob muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tonsils, kab noj hniav.
txoj kev tshawb fawb kab mob tuaj yeem siv los txiav txim qhov kev sib kis ntawm ib puag ncig. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov ntau thiab zoo muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm smear los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib yam khoom, qhov degree ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm ib puag ncig los ntawm cov kab mob no yog txiav txim siab.
