Pupil - yog dab tsi? Kev piav qhia, qauv, kev ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv. Pupillary tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub teeb

Cov txheej txheem:

Pupil - yog dab tsi? Kev piav qhia, qauv, kev ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv. Pupillary tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub teeb
Pupil - yog dab tsi? Kev piav qhia, qauv, kev ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv. Pupillary tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub teeb

Video: Pupil - yog dab tsi? Kev piav qhia, qauv, kev ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv. Pupillary tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub teeb

Video: Pupil - yog dab tsi? Kev piav qhia, qauv, kev ua haujlwm thiab cov yam ntxwv. Pupillary tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub teeb
Video: Военные тактические часы-Топ-10 самых жестких военных ч... 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Yog tias koj kaw koj lub qhov muag rau ib feeb thiab sim nyob hauv qhov tsaus ntuj, koj pib nkag siab tias lub zeem muag tseem ceeb npaum li cas rau tus neeg. Cov neeg tsis muaj kev pab li cas thaum lawv tsis muaj peev xwm pom. Thiab yog lub qhov muag yog daim iav ntawm tus ntsuj plig, ces tus tub kawm ntawv yog peb lub qhov rais rau lub ntiaj teb no.

qauv ntawm qhov muag

Tib neeg lub cev ntawm kev pom kev yog qhov ua haujlwm kho qhov muag. Nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog xa cov duab los ntawm cov paj hlwb mus rau lub hlwb.

Cov tub kawm ntawv yog
Cov tub kawm ntawv yog

Lub pob muag, uas muaj lub ntsej muag zoo ib yam, nyob hauv lub voj voog thiab muaj peb lub plhaub: fibrous, vascular thiab retina. Hauv nws muaj kev lom zem, lub lens thiab lub cev vitreous.

Ntu dawb ntawm lub qhov muag yog npog nrog cov mucous membrane (sclera). Lub pob tshab sab pem hauv ntej, hu ua cornea, yog lub lens optical nrog lub zog loj refractive. Hauv qab no yog lub iris, uas ua raws li lub diaphragm.

tib neeg kawm ntawv
tib neeg kawm ntawv

Cov kwj ntawm lub teeb pom kev los ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom ua ntej hits lub cornea thiab, refracted,nkag los ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv mus rau lub lens, uas kuj yog ib tug biconvex lens thiab nkag mus rau lub optical system ntawm lub qhov muag.

Cov taw tes tom ntej ntawm txoj kev ntawm tib neeg-pom cov duab yog lub retina. Nws yog lub plhaub ntawm cov hlwb uas nkag siab rau lub teeb: cones thiab rods. Lub retina npog sab hauv ntawm lub qhov muag thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv mus rau lub hlwb ntawm cov hlab ntsha fibers los ntawm cov hlab ntsha optic. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws qhov kawg kev nkag siab thiab kev paub txog qhov nws pom tshwm sim.

Pupil function

Muaj ib lo lus uas neeg nyiam hais tias: “hlub zoo li lub kua muag”, tiam sis niaj hnub no ob peb tug paub tias thaum ub nws yog cov tub kawm ntawv hu ua txiv apple. Cov lus no tau siv ntev heev thiab yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los qhia tias peb yuav tsum kho peb lub qhov muag li cas - qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab kim tshaj.

Cov tub kawm ntawv yog
Cov tub kawm ntawv yog

Tib neeg cov menyuam kawm ntawv yog tswj los ntawm ob leeg nqaij: lub sphincter thiab lub dilator. Lawv raug tswj los ntawm ntau pawg ntawm cov hlab ntsha uas cuam tshuam nrog cov kev xav thiab parasympathetic systems.

Tus menyuam kawm ntawv yog, qhov tseeb, lub qhov uas lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm lub qhov muag. Nws ua raws li kev tswj hwm, shrinking nyob rau hauv lub teeb ci thiab nthuav nyob rau hauv tsawg lub teeb. Yog li, cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm qhov muag tiv thaiv retina los ntawm kev kub hnyiab thiab ua kom pom kev pom.

YMydriasis

Puas yog ib txwm muaj rau tus neeg muaj tus menyuam kawm ntawv nthuav dav? Nws nyob ntawm ntau yam. Hauv zej zog kev kho mob, qhov tshwm sim no hu ua mydriasis.

Nws hloov tawm tias cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis hnov tsw xwb. Lawv nthuav dav tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev zoo siablub siab lub ntsws: muaj kev txaus siab (xws li kev sib deev), kev xyiv fab hnyav, mob hnyav, lossis ntshai.

Tus me nyuam muaj cov me nyuam dilated
Tus me nyuam muaj cov me nyuam dilated

Cov yam ntxwv saum toj no ua rau cov mydriasis ntuj, uas tsis cuam tshuam rau qhov muag pom kev thiab qhov muag noj qab haus huv. Raws li txoj cai, xws li lub xeev ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm dhau mus sai yog tias lub siab xav rov qab los zoo li qub.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm mydriasis yog ib yam rau tus neeg uas qaug cawv lossis tshuaj yeeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov menyuam kawm ntawv dilated feem ntau qhia tias muaj kev lom loj heev, xws li botulism.

Pathological mydriasis feem ntau tuaj yeem pom hauv cov neeg mob uas raug mob hlwb. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv dilated tas li qhia tias ib tug neeg muaj ntau yam kab mob tshwm sim:

  • glaucoma;
  • migraines;
  • oculomotor paj hlwb palsy;
  • ncephalopathy;
  • thyroid dysfunction;
  • Eddie Syndrome.

Ntau tus neeg paub los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tias thaum koj qaug zog, thawj tus kws kho mob tshuaj xyuas qhov muag. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv rau lub teeb, nrog rau lawv qhov loj me, tuaj yeem qhia rau cov kws kho mob ntau heev. Kev nce me ntsis qhia tias qhov poob qis ntawm kev nco qab, thaum "iav", yuav luag ob lub qhov muag dub qhia tias mob hnyav heev.

Miosis

Cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg yog qhov thim rov qab ntawm mydriasis. Ophthalmologists hu ua miosis. Xws li kev sib txawv kuj muaj ntau yam, nws tuaj yeem ua qhov tsis pom kev tsis pom kev, tab sis feem ntau qhov no yog vim li cas tam sim ntawd tig mus rautus kws kho mob.

Pupillary tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub teeb
Pupillary tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub teeb

Cov kws tshaj lij paub qhov txawv ntawm ntau hom miosis:

  1. Kev ua haujlwm, qhov kev nqaim tshwm sim vim qhov ua rau ntuj tsim, xws li teeb pom kev tsis zoo, pw tsaug zog, me nyuam mos lossis laus laus, pom kev deb, ua haujlwm dhau.
  2. Kev kho mob miosis yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev noj tshuaj uas, ntxiv rau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb, muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub qhov muag cov leeg.
  3. Paralytic - tus yam ntxwv los ntawm qhov tsis ua tiav lossis ib nrab ntawm lub cev muaj peev xwm ntawm lub dilator.
  4. Miosis ntawm irritation - pom nrog spasm ntawm lub sphincter. Feem ntau hauv cov qog hlwb, mob meningitis, encephalitis, thiab hauv cov neeg uas muaj ntau yam sclerosis thiab qaug dab peg.
  5. Syphilitic miosis - tuaj yeem pom nws tus kheej ntawm txhua theem ntawm tus kab mob, txawm tias nws tsis tshua muaj kev kho mob raws sijhawm.

Anisocoria

Raws li kev txheeb cais, txhua tus neeg thib tsib hauv ntiaj teb muaj cov menyuam kawm ntawv sib txawv. Qhov no asymmetry yog hu ua anisocoria. Feem ntau, qhov sib txawv yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab pom tsuas yog rau tus kws kho qhov muag, tab sis qee qhov, qhov sib txawv no pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Txoj cai ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm txoj kab uas hla nrog cov yam ntxwv no tshwm sim asynchronously, thiab qee zaum qhov loj me hloov pauv hauv ib lub qhov muag, thaum lwm qhov tseem nyob tsis muaj zog.

cov menyuam kawm ntawv hnov
cov menyuam kawm ntawv hnov

Anisocoria tuaj yeem ua tau los yog tau txais. Hauv thawj kis, tus qauv ntawm lub qhov muag no yog vim yog caj ces, hauv qhov thib ob - los ntawm kev raug mob lossis qee yam kab mob.

Cov menyuam kawm ntawv sib txawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj mob xws li:

  • optic paj hlwb puas;
  • aneurysm;
  • mob hlwb;
  • tumors;
  • kab mob neurological.

YPolycoria

Ob tus menyuam kawm ntawv yog hom qhov muag tsis tshua muaj. Qhov no congenital nyhuv, hu ua polycoria, yog yus muaj los ntawm ob los yog ntau tshaj cov menyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv tib lub iris.

Cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm qhov muag
Cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntawm qhov muag

Muaj ob hom kab mob no: cuav thiab tseeb. Qhov kev xaiv cuav txhais tau hais tias cov tub ntxhais kawm raug kaw tsis sib luag los ntawm daim nyias nyias, thiab zoo li muaj ob peb qhov. Hauv qhov no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub teeb muaj nyob hauv ib qho xwb.

Muaj tseeb polycoria yog txuam nrog pathology ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub qhov muag khob. Cov duab ntawm cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis yog ib txwm puag ncig, muaj qhov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug oval, ib tug poob, ib tug keyhole. Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lub teeb, txawm tias tsis hais, yog nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm lawv.

Cov neeg uas muaj kab mob no hnov qhov tsis xis nyob, qhov muag tsis pom kev zoo dua li qhov qub. Yog tias cov menyuam kawm ntawv ntau dua 3, thiab lawv loj txaus (2 hli lossis ntau dua), tus menyuam hnub nyoog qis dua ib xyoos yuav raug phais. Cov neeg laus raug sau tseg kom hnav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom raug.

Hnub nyoog nta

Ntau tus niam hluas feem ntau pom tias tus menyuam cov menyuam kawm ntawv loj. Puas tsim nyog tsa lub siab vim qhov no? Cov xwm txheej sib cais tsis yog qhov txaus ntshai, lawv tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev teeb pom kev tsis zoo nyob hauv chav tsev thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub paj hlwb excitable. Pom cov khoom ua si zoo nkauj los yog ntshai tsam txaus ntshaiBarmaleya, tus menyuam yuav rov nthuav dav cov menyuam kawm ntawv, uas sai sai no yuav rov zoo li qub.

Yog tias pom tus mob no tas li - qhov no yog qhov laj thawj rau lub tswb nrov thiab maj nrawm mus ntsib kws kho mob. Qhov no yuav qhia txog cov kab mob neurological, thiab kev sab laj ntxiv nrog tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav tsis raug mob.

Pupillary teb rau lub teeb hloov nrog hnub nyoog. Cov tub ntxhais hluas muaj kev nthuav dav ntau tshaj plaws, tsis zoo li cov neeg laus, uas cov menyuam kawm ntawv tsis tu ncua yog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv.

Pom zoo: