Gene - yog dab tsi? Amazing thiab tsis ntseeg txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm noob caj noob ces

Gene - yog dab tsi? Amazing thiab tsis ntseeg txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm noob caj noob ces
Gene - yog dab tsi? Amazing thiab tsis ntseeg txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm noob caj noob ces

Video: Gene - yog dab tsi? Amazing thiab tsis ntseeg txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm noob caj noob ces

Video: Gene - yog dab tsi? Amazing thiab tsis ntseeg txog kev tshawb fawb ntawm noob caj noob ces
Video: Atrial Fibrillation | Etiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Clinical Features, Treatment 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Vim li cas ib tug neeg zoo li no thiab tsis yog lwm yam? Vim li cas cov me nyuam zoo li lawv niam lawv txiv, pog yawg, cov kwv tij thiab cov muam? Cov lus nug no txaus siab rau tib neeg ntev ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tshawb fawb xws li noob caj noob ces. Nws tshwm sim tsis ntev los no. Tus tsim ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no yog Gregor Mendel, uas nyob hauv lub xyoo pua 19th thiab tsim ntau txoj cai raws li tej yam zoo li qub.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, thaj chaw no txaus siab rau ntau tus kws tshawb fawb thiab tau txais kev loj hlob loj. Xyoo 1909, lub tswv yim ntawm cov noob tau tsim thiab muab tso rau hauv kev siv. Ib tug noob yog ib feem ntawm DNA saw, ib tug paub ob helix uas muaj nyob rau hauv txhua tus tib neeg cell thiab nqa tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv hais txog nws. DNA kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob hlwb, thiab thaum lawv sib koom ua ke, DNA ntawm ob kab mob sib xyaw nrog kev tsim cov saw tshiab tshwj xeeb uas sib txuas cov DNA ntawm tsis yog niam txiv kab mob nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog ib feem ntawm cov chains ntawm tag nrho lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv. Ib tug noob yog ib chav tsev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog ib tug zoo los yog pab pawg neeg ntawm cov yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv lub cev. Qee cov noob tau muab faib ua cov ntaub ntawv uas tau muab tso rau hauv lawv, yog li txhua tus tsiaj uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib deev yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Nws ntseeg tau tias txhua yam ntaub ntawv hais txog lub cev yog encoded tsawg kawg yog 30-50 txhiab genes, tab sis tuaj yeem muaj ntau ntxiv.

gene nws
gene nws

Ntawd yog, txhua lub ntsej muag, plaub hau xim, tawv nqaij, ob lub qhov muag, ntsia thawv duab, tag nrho cov txheej txheem metabolic - tag nrho cov no yog encoded los ntawm ib pawg lossis ib lub noob. Nws yog qhov nthuav heev los kawm thiab decipher! Nov yog qhov kws tshawb fawb ua.

Molecular genetics - ib ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb dav dav - muaj kev txhawj xeeb nrog kev kawm txog cov qauv ntawm cov noob. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv tshiab kawg, nws cov qauv nonlinear conditionally muaj ob ntu: coding thiab non-coding, uas yog hu ua exon thiab nitron, feem. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau ua tom qab kawm txog DNA ntawm eukaryotes, uas yog, genome ntawm cov kab mob uas nws cov hlwb muaj cov nucleus. Qhov tseeb, DNA molecules yog tsim los ntawm nucleotides, uas encode tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv

gene ntws
gene ntws

txog lub cev. Thiab los ntawm qhov pom ntawm chemistry, tag nrho cov no yog cov proteins.

Qhov kev tshawb pom tshiab kawg thiab kev ua tiav hauv cov noob caj noob ces tau muab lub zog rau tshuaj, yug me nyuam, biology, kev ua phem phem thiab lwm yam kev tshawb fawb. Kev nkag siab meej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia tseeb ntawm cov noob caj noob ces yog tus yuam sij rau kev kho mob ntau yam. Koj tuaj yeem paub qhov keeb kwm ntawm tus neeg, paub meej lossis tsis lees paub kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntau tus neeg, thiab ntau ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, thaum cov kws tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm ua qauv thiab kho cov genome, nws yuav muaj peev xwm kov yeej ntau yam kab mob, tsim cov nroj tsuag tshiab thiab cov tsiaj yug tsiaj. Tsis yog kev ntxias?

noob qauv
noob qauv

Muaj lwm lub tswv yim nthuav hauv cov noob caj noob ces -gene ntws. Nws txhais tau tias qhov tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug pej xeem ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov noob muaj nyob rau hauv lwm yam pejxeem vim kev tsiv teb tsaws ntws. Ntawd yog, yog peb siv lo lus no rau tib neeg, qhov no yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ob haiv neeg, kev sib xyaw ua ke.

Txiv Neej yog ib qho kev tshawb fawb zoo thiab nthuav heev, uas yav tom ntej yuav dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab vam meej. Nws tsis tsuas yog txiav txim siab seb yuav ua li cas, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem paub tias yog dab tsi. Nrog nws txoj kev pab, nws yuav muaj peev xwm lees paub lossis tsis lees paub qhov kev xav uas twb muaj lawm ntawm tus txiv neej.

Pom zoo: