Oncologists tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho mob carcinomas, tab sis nws tsim nyog saib xyuas koj lub cev los ntawm kev kuaj xyuas tus kab mob kom raws sijhawm lossis tiv thaiv nws qhov tshwm sim.
Lub tswvyim ntawm "carcinoma"
Carcinoma yog ib hom qog nqaij hlav uas cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev thiab cov hlwb epithelial ntawm tib neeg daim tawv nqaij. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg uas lawv muaj, cov qog no tuaj yeem tsim. Qhov chaw ntawm nws cov tsos yog tsuas yog txiav txim los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm lub hlwb uas nws yog tsim.
Ntau hom carcinoma tuaj yeem tsim hauv tib neeg lub cev. Piv txwv li, tej zaum nws yuav yog ib tug squamous cell qog los yog adenocarcinoma, uas feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub ncauj tsev menyuam. Lawv feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub mis ntawm cov poj niam, prostate thiab ntsws nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej, thiab cov hnyuv thiab daim tawv nqaij, tsis hais poj niam los txiv neej.
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma yog ib hom qog nqaij hlav uas muaj kev loj hlob qeeb thiab txwv. Nws tshwm nyob rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug nyias muaj nyias ib nodule, uas muaj ib tug du nto ntawm liab los yog liab xim. Rau kab mobtus yam ntxwv yog lub xub ntiag ntawm translucent pearl siv.
Cov qog ntawm hom no yuav muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim melanin, uas cuam tshuam rau nws qhov ntxoov ntxoo. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub nodule, thaum nws loj hlob, ua npog nrog crusts thiab ulcerates. Basal cell carcinoma yuav tshwm sim li satellite nodules los yog ulceration nrog ib tug crusty center.
Ib qho cim ntawm tus kab mob no kuj yog concomitant telangiectasia. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub hauv paus ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug qog yog invaded thiab ulcerated. Invasive carcinoma muaj cov hauv qab no:
- knotty;
- superficial;
- sclerosing;
- pigmented.
Metastasis yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus hauv tus kab mob no.
Squamous cell tumor
Squamous cell carcinoma yog ib cov qog uas muaj cov hlwb ntawm cov stratified squamous epithelium. Yeej muaj keratinization. Nws cov hlwb yog interconnected los ntawm desmosomes. Central squamous cell carcinoma tej zaum yuav muaj concentric aggregates.
hom qog no yog tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob sai thiab metastasis. Nws yog qhov thib ob feem ntau thiab feem ntau tshwm sim hauv cov neeg laus thiab cov neeg laus. Feem ntau, squamous cell carcinoma tshwm sim vim nquag raug rau lub hnub. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhim kho nyob rau hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam kab mob carcinogenic ib puag ncig.
Hom mob qog noj ntshav no tshwm sim peb zaug hauv cov txiv neejntau zaus tshaj li ntawm cov poj niam. Feem ntau thaj chaw ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas feem ntau raug tshav ntuj raug cuam tshuam. Cov qog nqaij hlav squamous ntawm thawj theem ntawm kev loj hlob kis mus rau hauv zos, tab sis tom qab ntawd tuaj yeem txav mus rau qhov chaw nyob deb. Nws tuaj yeem kho nrog kev kho hluav taws xob lossis kev phais ntawm qhov chaw cuam tshuam.
Cas of carcinoma development
Tam sim no, tsis paub qhov ua rau tus kab mob no. Nws tsim nyog paub koj tus kheej nrog rau yam uas ua rau cov txheej txheem carcinogenic, uas yuav ua tau raws li hauv qab no:
- muaj cov tshuaj hormonal tsis txaus hauv tib neeg lub cev;
- kev hloov pauv;
- ib tus kab mob no tau kis;
- kev lag luam carcinogens.
Qhov sib txawv histological ntawm ib txwm thiab cov kab mob qog noj ntshav uas cuam tshuam rau epithelial yog muaj cov nucleus loj. Cov qauv ntawm cov qog tuaj yeem sib txawv thiab nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial los ntawm nws keeb kwm.
Squamous cell carcinoma tsim yog tias cov txheej txheem malignant tau cuam tshuam cov ntaub so ntswg nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog ib puag ncig sab nraud. Yog tias cov txheej txheem mob qog noj ntshav tau ntes cov epithelium ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav (carcinoma ntawm cov thyroid caj pas, prostate, bronchi), tus kab mob yuav xa mus rau adenocarcinomas.
Kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav
Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob yog nyob ntawm tus qauv histological ntawm cov qog, nws qhov chaw thiab qib ntawm metastasis. Thaum ntxov, nws xyaum tsis tshwm sim nws tus kheej, zoo li lwm tuskab mob malignant. Kev kuaj mob feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw ntawm carcinomas. Cov chaw kho mob qog noj ntshav yuav siv cov hauv qab no:
- positron emission tomography (PET);
- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI);
- xam tomography (CT);
- radioisotope scanning;
- radioography;
- phiajcim biopsy nrog cytological thiab histological tsom xam;
- kev txiav txim ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav;
- kev kuaj mob endoscopic.
Kev kho mob qog noj ntshav
Txoj kev kho tus kab mob yog txiav txim siab tus kheej nyob ntawm nws theem thiab thaj chaw. Kev cuam tshuam kev phais yog txais tau yog tias cov qog me me thiab tsis tau metastasized.
Yog hais tias tus kab mob carcinoma muaj ntau ntawm cov hlwb tsis zoo uas muaj qhov rhiab heev rau ionizing hluav taws xob, siv hluav taws xob kho. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los tshem tawm cov metastases.
Tshuaj khomob yog ib yam rau kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj theem siab ntawm cov txheej txheem mob qog noj ntshav. Hauv qhov no, kev ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau.
Israeli oncologists tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo nrog kev kho mob sib xyaw ua ke: kev phais, hluav taws xob thiab tshuaj khomob.
papillary cancer
Papillary carcinoma yog ib qho mob qog nqaij hlav uas cuam tshuam rau cov thyroid caj pas. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv 80% ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav hauv lub cev. Feem ntau, papillary carcinoma teb zoo raukev kho mob.
Cov koob zoo aspiration biopsy pab ua kom qhov tseeb tshaj plaws hauv qhov no. Qhov loj ntawm cov qog tuaj yeem ncav cuag li ob peb centimeters. Kev tsim tawm tshiab tsis yog encapsulated. Cov kev tshawb fawb histological tau pom tias papillary carcinoma muaj daim ntawv ntawm cov ceg ntoo, uas npog nrog lub cubic lossis cylindrical epithelium thiab muaj cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas.
Calcium deposits los yog caws pliav tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm hom mob qog noj ntshav. Lub cev los ntawm basophilic thiab calcified masses feem ntau pom. Cov hlwb tsis ua haujlwm hormonal thiab tsis tuaj yeem ntes cov xov tooj cua iodine.
Cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav qeeb zuj zus los ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic. Metastasis tshwm sim rau cov qog nqaij hlav. Qhov tshwm sim nyob deb ntawm metastases yog qhov tsawg, uas yog ua tau nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm sib xyaw papillary-follicular cancer thiab yog tsim los ntawm cov ntsiab lus follicular ntawm cov qog.
Feem ntau, kev tshem tawm cov thyroid caj pas thiab cov qog nqaij hlav ua tiav yog tias lawv cuam tshuam los ntawm metastases. Tom qab ua haujlwm, kev kho hluav taws xob iodine yog nqa tawm txhawm rau txhawm rau tshem tawm cov qog foci tsawg tshaj plaws. Tom qab tshem tawm cov thyroid caj pas, tus neeg mob yuav tsum noj cov tshuaj hormonal tshwj xeeb, yam tsis muaj nws lub cev yuav tsis ua haujlwm li qub. Kev kuaj ultrasound txhua xyoo yog qhov tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev rov tshwm sim ntawm carcinoma.
Cervical Canceruterus
Tus kab mob no tuaj yeem kuaj tau tias yog mob qog noj ntshav hauv tsev menyuam thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov qog uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau poj niam qhov chaw mos. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim thaum muaj hnub nyoog 35 thiab 50. Txawm muaj hnub nyoog li cas los xij, pawg no suav nrog cov ntxhais uas hloov lawv tus khub sib deev ntau zaus.
Cov kab mob hauv tsev menyuam tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum muaj kab mob sib kis, nrog rau kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv hormonal mus ntev. Qhov pib ntawm kev sib deev thaum ntxov muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov hlwb uas tsis muaj ntaub ntawv. Hauv qee tus poj niam, kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv ntawm cov hlwb tuaj yeem ua rau cov protein ntawm cov phev. Tus mob qog nqaij hlav yuav loj tuaj thaum muaj tus cwj pwm phem xws li haus luam yeeb.
