Mesenchymal qog: kev faib tawm, nta, keeb kwm

Cov txheej txheem:

Mesenchymal qog: kev faib tawm, nta, keeb kwm
Mesenchymal qog: kev faib tawm, nta, keeb kwm

Video: Mesenchymal qog: kev faib tawm, nta, keeb kwm

Video: Mesenchymal qog: kev faib tawm, nta, keeb kwm
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Txhua yam neoplasms hauv tib neeg lub cev yog pathological hauv xwm. Lawv tshwm sim los ntawm ntau yam laj thawj thiab xwm txheej. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm lawv. Qhov kev faib tawm tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev txhim kho ntxiv ntawm cov xwm txheej yog qhov benignity lossis malignancy ntawm cov qog.

mesenchymal qog
mesenchymal qog

Definition

Tus qog yog ib qho neoplasm uas pib muaj cov kab mob pathological, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav lossis mob hnyav. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo li cas, seb nws puas tsim nyog siv kev ntsuas los tshem tawm nws, txawm tias nws muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov txheej txheem hauv lub cev. Cov qog nqaij hlav mesenchymal yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg mesenchymal. Cov no suav nrog xws li:

  • cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas, suav nrog pob txha, pob txha mos thiab rog;
  • cov nqaij mos, kuj transverse thiab du nqaij;
  • paj hlwb - nruab nrab thiab peripheral paj hlwb);
  • cov ntaub so ntswg hematopoietic.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm cov qog mesenchymal thiab neoplasms ntawm lwm yam? Mesenchymal yog cov ntaub so ntswg mos, xws li cov ntaub so ntswg tsim tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub so ntswg extraskeletal. Lawv tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ntau yam hauv nruab nrog cev ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm cov qog yog lawv cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Thaum xws li neoplasms tshwm sim, ib txwm ua haujlwm ntawm qee lub cev thiab lub cev raug cuam tshuam. Neoplasms ntawm hom no muaj tsawg heev.

mesenchymal qog nqaij hlav pathological anatomy
mesenchymal qog nqaij hlav pathological anatomy

Kev faib cov qog nqaij hlav mesenchymal

Muaj ntau yam kev faib tawm raws li cov neoplasms tau muab faib ua qee yam. Yog li, raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev ua haujlwm, lawv paub qhov txawv:

  • benign - tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo rau lub cev;
  • malignant - neoplasms uas yuav tsum tau tshem tawm sai sai lossis kho, vim tias lawv cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho lub cev lossis lub cev nqaij daim tawv raug cuam tshuam.
malignant mesenchymal qog
malignant mesenchymal qog

Los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg koom nrog kev kawm tuaj yeem pom:

  • ib qho khoom - neoplasms muaj tsuas yog ib hom ntaub so ntswg, xws li kev sib txuas lossis cov hlab ntsha;
  • multicomponent qog yog cov qog uas muaj ntau hom ntaub so ntswg.

Tseem muaj lwm hom neoplasm uas tuaj yeem sib caisisolate yog heterotopic qog. Nws lub ntsiab qhov txawv yog tias nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas tsis yog yam ntxwv ntawm nws.

Nyob rau hauv neoplasms

Cov qog nqaij hlav tsis zoo feem ntau tsis raug tshem tawm, txawm hais tias tsis hais lub hauv paus chiv keeb, qhov loj dua, qhov txaus ntshai rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv. Hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no, neoplasms tau dhau los ua ntau dua, thiab tib lub sijhawm, benign neoplasms tshwm sim tsis tshua muaj. Yog li, nws tsis yog ib txwm xav kom ua qhov kev kwv yees hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no.

mesenchymal qog
mesenchymal qog

Ntau yam ntawm neoplasms yog qhov zoo heev uas niaj hnub no hauv Asmeskas cov kws tshawb fawb muaj txog 5700 hom mesenchymal formations. Yog tias tag nrho cov qog qog nqaij hlav uas paub niaj hnub no raug coj los ua 100%, ces cov qog nqaij hlav mesenchymal tsuas yog 0.8% ntawm tag nrho cov neoplasms malignant. Kev tuag hauv cov neoplasms yog 2% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg tuag.

Thaum twg mesenchymal qog tuaj yeem tshwm sim?

Lub etiology ntawm cov qog zoo li cov qog nqaij hlav tseem tsis tau paub, lawv qhov tsos yog qhov nyuaj rau kev kwv yees thiab kwv yees qhov tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb uas qee zaum xav tias tau ua lub luag haujlwm. Yog li, xws li neoplasms tuaj yeem tshwm sim:

  1. After radiotherapy.
  2. Tom qab kub kub.
  3. Tom qab hom kev raug mob ib leeg, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov qog tsim nyob rau sab nraud.
  4. QeeCov xwm txheej ib puag ncig tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv, ua rau muaj teeb meem tsis zoo lossis tsis zoo.
  5. Muaj cov xwm txheej thaum neoplasms tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv, thaum lub cev tsis muaj zog, qee hom kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis tau.
  6. Tej zaum yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam caj ces rau tus kab mob.
benign mesenchymal qog
benign mesenchymal qog

Nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov laj thawj vim li cas cov qog nqaij hlav mesenchymal tshwm sim, cov kab mob pathological uas qhia tau tias lawv tsis yog ib txwm txaus ntshai, ib tus tuaj yeem xav tias qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau lawv txoj kev loj hlob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xwm txheej saum toj no yuav tsis tas ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim.

Localization ntawm neoplasms

Txhua tus qog yog ib qho pathology, tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias tsis yog txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj kev phom sij rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsim nyog saib xyuas nws txoj kev loj hlob, tsis yog kev kho tus kheej. Qee zaum cov qog yuav ploj mus yam tsis tau kho. Dab tsi yog qhov feem ntau? Raws li thaj chaw hauv cheeb tsam, kev faib tawm hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv tau raws li kev cai:

  • Me ntsis tsawg dua ib nrab ntawm txhua tus neeg mob yog cov qog ntawm sab qis, feem ntau cov mob yog cov qog uas tshwm sim hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub duav, lawv suav txog li 40% ntawm tag nrho cov mob.
  • Qhov thib ob hauv kev nthuav dav yog nyob ntawm cov qog uas nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub cev thiab qhov chaw retroperitoneal, lawv tuav 30% ntawm tag nrho.cas.
  • qaum limb neoplasms, suav txog kwv yees li 20% ntawm tag nrho cov sarcomas.
  • Tseem muaj cov qog nqaij hlav mesenchymal (pathological anatomy lees paub qhov no), uas tau nyob hauv lub caj dab thiab lub taub hau, lawv nyob kwv yees li 10% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg mob paub.

Signs

Lwm qhov cim tseem ceeb ntawm cov qog yog nws cov duab. Nws kuj nyob ntawm qhov tshwm sim thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm neoplasm. Cov ntawv dab tsi tuaj yeem muaj sarcoma? Nov yog:

  1. Spindle shape.
  2. Round yog qhov ntau tshaj.
  3. polygonal.

Thaum txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qog mesenchymal thiab lawv hom, daim ntawv tseem ceeb, tab sis nws tsis ua lub luag haujlwm txiav txim siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab txog cov qauv ntawm pathological neoplasm. Tus qauv ntawm cov qog yog dab tsi? Qhov txawv:

  • Lymphocyte qauv.
  • Qab-puab.
  • Epithelioid cell.

Cov kev ntsuas no cuam tshuam rau kev kuaj mob, tab sis lawv tsis txaus thiab qee qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj.

qog ntawm mesenchymal keeb kwm
qog ntawm mesenchymal keeb kwm

ntsuas ntsuas

Kev ntsuas ntsuas yuav pab txiav txim siab seb hom qog puas koom nrog. Cov no suav nrog:

  • Molecular genetic tsom xam.
  • Ultrastructural tsom xam.
  • YCytogenetic.
  • Cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev kuaj mob immunohistochemical.

Tom qab tshawb pom cov qog thiab dhau qhov yuav tsum tau kuaj mobCov xwm txheej, peb tuaj yeem tham txog theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm neoplasm, uas thaum kawg yuav pab kwv yees kev ua haujlwm ntxiv thiab kwv yees tus cwj pwm ntawm sarcoma.

theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm pathology

Nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov qog, peb tuaj yeem tham txog theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm pathology, thiab nyob ntawm qhov no, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov kwv yees kwv yees thiab sau lossis tsis sau tshuaj kho. Xav txog cov theem tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev kawm pathological:

  1. Stage T1, ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov qog tsis pub tshaj 5 cm inch, nws tuaj yeem me dua.
  2. Theem T2 yog lub sijhawm uas qhov loj ntawm neoplasm hauv txoj kab uas hla tshaj 5 cm, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob yog tias tsis yog pob txha, lossis cov hlab ntsha, lossis cov hlab ntsha puas, uas yog, tsis yog. cuam tshuam.
  3. Stage T3 yog theem ntawm pathology uas, tsis hais qhov loj ntawm cov pob txha loj hlob, cov hlab ntsha lossis cov hlab ntsha twb cuam tshuam lossis koom nrog cov txheej txheem pathological.
  4. Yog tias metastases tau nyob hauv cov qog ntshav, ces lawv raug xaiv N1.
  5. Yog peb tham txog metastases uas nyob deb, ces lawv raug xaiv ua M1.

Zoo nyob ntawm hom kab mob tsim thiab theem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob, tus kws kho mob tsim nyog tuaj yeem ua qhov kev kuaj mob, raws li kev kho lossis kev soj ntsuam.

Cov qog nqaij hlav zoo li cas tuaj yeem tshwm sim?

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, benign mesenchymal qog yog pathological neoplasms uas tsis cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab yeej tsis ua.ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau nws txoj sia. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, kev hloov pauv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev raws li qhov system tau pom. Cov qog nqaij hlav mesenchymal, lub cev nqaij daim tawv uas yog benign, yog:

  • Fibroma - neoplasms ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas. Lawv feem ntau me me thiab tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob qhov twg. Feem ntau yog cov zes qe menyuam fibromas, thiab neurofibromas uas ntim cov paj hlwb kuj muaj. Lawv muaj dab tsi? Cov no yog cov qog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tuab capsules ntawm me me, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus lawv yuav muaj ib tug greyish-dawb xim.
  • Dermatofibroma yog ib qho neoplasm uas muaj daim ntawv me me nodule, feem ntau nws tuaj yeem pom ntawm sab qis. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob no, lawv txawv nyob rau hauv lub predominance ntawm lipids los yog hemosiderin nyob rau hauv lub hlwb. Hauv cov ntsiab lus lawv yog daj lossis xim av.
  • Leiomyoma yog ib qho mob qog nqaij hlav uas tsim los ntawm cov kab mob perivascular. Nws tshwm sim ntau zaus, nyob hauv lub zais zis, ntawm daim tawv nqaij, hauv tsev menyuam, hauv qhov chaw mos, hauv plab hnyuv, thiab lwm yam. Raws li rau cov duab, nws feem ntau yog ib puag ncig qog, tab sis feem ntau nws yog ntau yam. Nws qhov ntev sib txawv hauv qhov dav dav, nws tuaj yeem yog qhov me me neoplasm lossis loj loj. Nyob ntawm theem ntawm pathology, nws yuav tsis txaus ntshai, tab sis qee qhov xwm txheej, foci ntawm necrosis lossis calcification yuav tshwm sim.
  • Hibernoma yog ib hom qog nqaij hlav uas tsis tshua muaj, nws yog ib qho neoplasm ntawm hom rog xim av. Nyob rau hauv tsos, nws zoo li lub pob caus,uas muaj ntau qhov chaw, shares. Cov lobes no tej zaum yuav muaj cov nplej los yog foamy zoo nkauj.
  • Rhabdomyoma yog cov qog uas muaj cov leeg nqaij striated. Feem ntau nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb lossis cov leeg nqaij, thiab lwm yam malformations yuav tshwm sim.
  • Abrikosov cov qog yog ib qho me me uas zoo li cov tshuaj ntsiav. Feem ntau qhov no tuaj yeem pom ntawm tus nplaig, hauv txoj hlab pas lossis ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
  • Hemangioma yog ib qho kev tsim zoo uas feem ntau tuaj yeem pom hauv cov menyuam mos liab. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm no pathology, qhov ua rau ntawm uas tsis tau ntseeg tau txiav txim siab. Nws tau raug pom tias qhov no yuav yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm embryonic lossis qog nqaij hlav tiag tiag.

Cov npe ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv mus ntev, lawv txawv ntawm ntau txoj hauv kev, suav nrog qhov chaw, qhov loj me, xwm thiab tus nqi ntawm kev loj hlob.

mesenchymal qog nrog foci ntawm necrosis
mesenchymal qog nrog foci ntawm necrosis

Malignant mesenchymal qog

Lawv ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau lub neej thiab kev noj qab haus huv. Cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm mesenchymal keeb kwm, cov kab mob uas zoo ib yam li cov kab mob benign, hu ua sarcomas. Muaj ntau ntau hom pathological formations uas yog dawb nyob rau hauv seem. Mesenchymal qog nrog foci ntawm necrosis yog qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws neoplasms uas tsis tau kuaj pom raws sijhawm. Feem ntau hom sarcomas yog:

  • YFibrosarcoma yogib qho qog uas nyuaj heev los txheeb xyuas vim tias nws zoo ib yam li fibroma, ib qho qog nqaij hlav. Qhov no yog ib lub capsule, uas nyob rau hauv cov qauv yog ib tug mos mos tsim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus, nws muaj xim liab, reminiscent ntawm ntses nqaij. Lawv tuaj yeem loj hlob sai lossis qeeb. Kev kwv yees nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no tsis yog qhov txhawb siab heev. Vim lub sij hawm yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm no. Yog tias thaum lub sijhawm kuaj mob, kuaj pom metastases, tom qab ntawd kev tuag hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no yog 20 txog 40%. Ntxiv mus, qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tsib xyoos tom qab kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob. Kev rov tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv ib nrab ntawm cov xwm txheej.
  • Liposarcoma yog cov qog qog nqaij hlav uas loj hlob qeeb, tab sis nws qhov loj tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov tsis zoo. Ntau yam ntawm cov neoplasms no paub, lawv loj hlob hauv pob tw, hauv plab kab noj hniav, ntawm tus ncej puab.
  • Leiomyosarcoma yog tib yam leiomyoma, tsuas yog qhov xwm txheej phem. Tsim los ntawm cov nqaij leeg du.
  • Rhabdomyosarcoma yog ib qho qog uas tsim los ntawm cov leeg kab noj hniav. Cov qauv ntawm cov qog yog polymorphic. Nws yog qhov nyuaj los txiav txim siab nws los ntawm cov paib sab nraud, tom qab kuaj ntsuas nws muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas cov qog.
  • Angiosarcoma yog ib qho mob qog nqaij hlav uas cuam tshuam rau tib neeg tsis hais poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog thiab kev ua neej. Nws tuaj yeem nyob txhua qhov chaw. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov qog nqaij hlav hauv siab, uas yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua ntawm qee yam carcinogens. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub sij hawm raug tus kab mob carcinogen thiabNws yuav siv sij hawm ntau xyoo rau cov qog tsim. Qhov kev kwv yees yog qhov tsis zoo. Tom qab kuaj mob, tus neeg mob tuaj yeem nyob ntawm ob peb lub lis piam mus rau ntau xyoo.

qog nqaij hlav hauv ntiaj teb niaj hnub no tau dhau los ua cov kab mob ntau zaus. Lawv nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw, ob qho tib si ntawm lub cev thiab sab hauv lub cev. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ua raws li tus kws kho mob cov lus pom zoo thaum txheeb xyuas cov kab mob pathology, vim tias kev tuag hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no twb tau siab heev.

Pom zoo: