Pathology ntawm cov zis muaj ntau heev. Kev puas tsuaj rau lub raum ua rau kev txhim kho ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm. Dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev mob ntev ntawm lub raum? Yuav tsum kho dab tsi?
mob nephritis
mob rhiab hauv lub raum hu ua "nephritis". Feem ntau muaj ob sab lesion ntawm lub cev. Lub etiological yam ntawm tus kab mob yuav txawv. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm qhov tshwm sim uas qhov kev faib tawm ntawm nephrites yog raws li. Tag nrho cov kev sib txawv ntawm qhov mob no txawv tsis yog nyob rau hauv qhov, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv daim duab kho mob.
Etiology
Ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv etiological yog pyelonephritis, uas muaj ntau dua hauv cov poj niam ib nrab ntawm cov pejxeem. Inflammation cuam tshuam rau lub calyx thiab pelvis, thiab qhov ua rau ntawm xws li mob yog ib tug kab mob. Nws nkag mus rau hauv lub raum los ntawm cov ntshav (hematogenous) los yog los ntawm cov urethra. Cov txheej txheem inflammatory yog nrog los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev tso zis, thiab ntshav tuaj yeem kuaj pom hauv cov zis. Cov mob yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam lumbar, lawv mob siab rau thaum lub sij hawm exacerbation.
Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog glomerulonephritis, uascuam tshuam rau glomeruli thiab ib nrab tubules. Kev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem inflammatory. Tsis tas li ntawd predisposing yam yog oncological formations thiab abscesses. Cov txheej txheem mob ntev yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev rov qab los. Thaum lub sijhawm no, xeev siab, xerostomia, tsis muaj zog thiab cov quav tsis zoo tshwm sim.
Radiation nephritis tshwm sim tom qab raug lub cev rau ionizing hluav taws xob. Muaj kev mob sai ntawm cov tubules, nrog rau thaum ntxov dystrophy, thiab tom qab - atrophy. Qhov no ua rau lub raum tsis ua haujlwm. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, tsis muaj zog thiab nce ntshav siab yog cuam tshuam.
Tubulointerstitial nephritis yog lwm hom kab mob. Inflammation npog lub tubules, nrog rau interstitial, los yog nruab nrab, cov ntaub so ntswg. Yog vim li cas tej zaum yuav ua rau cov tshuaj lom, qee yam tshuaj. Muaj peev xwm kis tus kab mob. Lub cev yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm hypertrophy - lawv loj tuaj, lawv txoj haujlwm tsis zoo.
Tseem cais cov noob caj noob ces jade. Nws suav nrog Alport's syndrome, uas yog nrog los ntawm kev tsis hnov lus thiab tsis pom kev. Hauv cov txiv neej, pathology hnyav dua.
Cov tsos mob ntawm txhua hom nephritis yog dab tsi?
Daim ntawv mob ntev yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov mob edematous tas li, uas yog ib qho cim ntawm kev mob metabolic. Hauv kev soj ntsuam kuaj, albuminuria thiab cholesterolemia tau sau tseg. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tsos mob ntawm arterial hypertension yog yam ntxwv, uas yog, ib ntus nce siab.
Tom qab theem yog yam ntxwv los ntawmdeterioration ntawm lub raum kev ua haujlwm, uas yog pom syndrome ntawm intoxication. Yog li ntawd, co toxins thiab slags (nitrogenous compounds) tshwm sim hauv cov ntshav. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob no yog qaug zog, mob plab, mob taub hau thiab ntshav siab. Nrog rau qhov nce hauv uremia, uas yog, qhov sib txuam ntawm uric acid, nws muaj peev xwm ua rau nws tawm hws. Daim tawv nqaij qhuav. Hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav dua, kev tuag muaj peev xwm ua tau.
Exacerbation: Cov tsos mob
Thaum lub sijhawm rov tshwm sim ntawm daim ntawv mob ntev, qhov kev tsis txaus siab tseem ceeb yog qhov mob hnyav hauv thaj tsam lumbar thiab pelvic. Kev tso zis ua rau mob, muaj qhov kub hnyiab. Kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj tso cai rau kuaj ntshav, purulent tawm hauv cov zis. Muaj oliguria - txo qis hauv diuresis. Edema tseem nyob. Ntxiv rau yog mob taub hau, xeev siab (feem ntau ntuav), qaug zog, xerostomia, raws plab, ua npaws thiab kub siab. Mob nephritis tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov exacerbation thaum overheated, hypothermia, kis kab mob.
Pathogenesis
Cov kab mob nephritis feem ntau yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov mob sib txawv. Inflammatory phenomena txo qis thiab ntxiv los ntawm cov txheej txheem hyperplastic. Thaum lub sij hawm nephritis, kev ua haujlwm ntawm fibroblasts yog qhib, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb uas yog tsim cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas. Thaum txhawb lawv txoj haujlwm, sclerosis tshwm sim. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub raum yog irreversibly hloov los ntawm connective cov ntaub so ntswg. Txij li thaum nws tsis ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb rau lub raum parenchyma, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov ziskab mob cuam tshuam - raum tsis ua haujlwm.
Diagnosis
Glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, tubulointerstitial nephritis thiab lwm yam yuav tsum tau sib txawv ntawm ib leeg, nrog rau los ntawm lwm yam pathologies. Kev kuaj mob yog nyob ntawm kev nug, kev tshuaj xyuas thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov txheej txheem ntxiv. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, tus neeg mob raug xam phaj, nrhiav kom paub qhov yuav tshwm sim etiology - kab mob, tshuaj lom, tshuaj, thiab hais txog. Ntawm cov txheej txheem txheej txheem yog cov zis thiab ntshav kuaj uas yuav pab tshawb nrhiav cov kab mob pathology. Kev kuaj zis tau pom zoo, piv txwv li, raws li Zimnitsky thiab Nechiporenko. Lawv yuav pab taug qab tsis tau tsuas yog muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov zis, tab sis kuj lub xeev ntawm diuresis txhua hnub. Ib txoj kev kuaj mob zoo yog biopsy, uas yog, kuaj cov ntaub so ntswg rau kev kuaj histological. Nws yuav pab taug qab cov txheej txheem ntawm sclerosis. Ultrasound, X-ray kuaj thiab tomography kuj tau xyaum.
Txoj kev ntxiv tso cai rau koj kom paub meej qhov kev kuaj mob. Nephritis tuaj yeem raug xav tias yog vim muaj kev tsis txaus siab (edema thiab arterial hypertension).
Kev kho mob
Kev kho mob raum nephritis nyob ntawm qhov etiology ntawm tus kab mob. Piv txwv li, cov kab mob pathologies yuav tsum tau teem caij tshuaj tua kab mob ("Cefuroxime", "Ciprofloxacin"). Tus kab mob ua rau (piv txwv li, tubulointerstitial nephritis) yuav tsum tau siv tshuaj tua kab mob tsim nyog. Tias yog vim li cas nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov txawv ntawm ntau yam etiological variants ntawm tus kab mob.
Ntxiv rau kev kho etiotropic, yuav tsum tau kho cov tsos mob. Teem caijcytostatics ("Doxorubicin", "Cyclophosphamide"), uas pab tiv thaiv cov hlwb ua haujlwm. Thaum lub sij hawm relapse, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog xav tau uas txo qhov mob, plethora thiab o nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological. Kev nce ntshav siab yuav tsum tau siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntshav siab ("Lisinopril", "Captopril").
Kev noj haus
Lub sijhawm muaj mob, koj yuav tsum saib xyuas kev noj haus. Mob nephritis cuam tshuam rau lub raum, yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm ntawm excretory cuam tshuam. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj ntsev ntau dhau. Cov zaub mov kaus poom, txuj lom thiab haus cawv ntau yog contraindicated.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Lub raum nephritis ntawm hom mob ntev feem ntau yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm tus mob hnyav. Yog li ntawd, kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv muaj nyob rau hauv kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov thiab kev kho mob tom qab mob ntawm lub raum. Nws muaj peev xwm xav tias tus kab mob no thaum ntxov yog tias kev kuaj mob tsis tu ncua - qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tsom xam cov zis yog qhov qhia tau tias tus neeg mob yuav tsum raug xa mus rau kev sab laj nrog kws kho mob nephrologist.
Jade yog kab mob ntawm lub raum, ua rau ua txhaum ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm. Daim ntawv ntev yog irreversible thiab ua rau lub raum tsis ua hauj lwm. Pathology xav tau kev kho lub neej thiab siv ntau yam tshuaj. Kev kho mob raws sij hawm ntawm daim ntawv mob hnyav yuav pab tiv thaiv nws txoj kev tsim. Kev kuaj mob raws sij hawm yuav pab tau.
