Lub raum nephritis yog ib qho kab mob ntawm lub cev ua ke, uas tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv etiology, pathomorphological thiab cov tsos mob, nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev loj hlob. Nws feem ntau tshwm sim nws tus kheej hauv kev loj hlob, ib feem lossis ua tiav kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg.
Vim li cas tus kab mob no tshwm sim? Cov tsos mob dab tsi qhia tias nws muaj? Dab tsi yog xav tau rau kev kho mob? Dab tsi tuaj yeem yog qhov tshwm sim? Zoo, qhov no thiab ntau ntxiv yuav tau tham tam sim no.
YGlomerulonephritis
Ntawm no yog thawj hom kab mob yuav tsum tau sau tseg. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub raum glomeruli. Ua rau muaj xws li:
- kab mob Streptococcal (pneumonia, tonsillitis, streptoderma, scarlet fever).
- Measles, SARS, qaib pox.
- Nyob hauv qhov txias.
Cov tsos mob ntawm hom mob raum nephritis tshwm sim tom qab 1-3lub lis piam tom qab muaj tus kab mob sib kis, thiab lawv muaj raws li hauv qab no:
- Kev hloov cov zis.
- Fever.
- Ntxhais.
- Kev qaug zog.
- Nausea.
- Headache.
- Kev qab los noj mov.
- mob hauv cheeb tsam lumbar.
- Ntxhais tawv nqaij.
- Puffiness ntawm lub ntsej muag.
- Hypertension.
mob raum nephritis ntawm hom no tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv nephrotic (cov tsos mob tso zis ntau dua), hypertensive (nce ntshav siab), sib xyaw (tag nrho cov tsos mob tshwm sim), latent (mob nephrotic syndrome) thiab hematuric (erythrocytes muaj nyob rau hauv lub cev. tso zis).
YPyelonephritis
Nov yog ib yam kab mob ntawm cov kab mob purulent, qhov tshwm sim uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm cov zis tawm ntawm cov zis uas tshwm sim rau ntau yam kev ua haujlwm thiab cov organic.
Predisposing yam muaj xws li kev tiv thaiv kab mob, ntshav qab zib, mob o thiab nquag hypothermia. Hauv cov poj niam, nws feem ntau tshwm sim tom qab mob cystitis.
Ntau tus kab mob no asymptomatic. Purulent nephritis yog kab mob raum uas yuav tsum tau kho thaum ntxov, hauv txhua txoj kev kho tom qab nws yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, vim tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev yuav raug cuam tshuam.
Tus kab mob pib tshwm sim nws tus kheej nrog qhov kub siab nce mus txog 40 ° C. Tom qab ntawd cov tsos mob hauv qab no tshwm sim:
- tawm hws ntau.
- Dull unilateral mob nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam lumbar.
- huab cua los yog zis liab.
- Lossqab qab.
- mob hnyav thiab mob taub hau.
- Qee zaum xeev siab thiab ntuav.
Kev kuaj kuaj pom muaj kab mob bacteriuria, proteinuria thiab microhematuria. Tsis tas li ntawd, leukocytosis pom nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob cov ntshav, thiab nyob rau hauv 30% ntawm cov neeg mob - ib tug nce nyob rau hauv nitrogenous slags.
Kev kho mob tsis zoo ntawm tus kab mob no yog ib qho ua rau mob raum nephritis hauv tib neeg. Nws txhais li cas? Qhov kev mloog yuav tsum tau them rau thawj cov tsos mob tshwm sim. Txij li thaum pyelonephritis tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm ob sab, thiab cov kab mob loj zuj zus ntawm daim ntawv no ua rau kev txhim kho lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, cov hlab ntshav siab thiab txo qis hauv qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov zis.
Interstitial nephritis
Tus kab mob no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov kab mob o ntawm lub raum ntawm lub raum thiab cov ntaub so ntswg interstitial. Hom mob raum nephritis no yog ib yam kab mob ywj pheej. Nws tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv nosological thiab muaj cov tsos mob uas zoo ib yam li yav dhau los hom kab mob (purulent).
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb. Yog li, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kab mob no, lub raum cov ntaub so ntswg tsis puas. Tus kab mob no cuam tshuam rau cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas, tsis kis mus rau lub raum calyces thiab pelvis.
Tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Thiab daim duab kho mob yog tib yam li nrog pyelonephritis. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm tus kab mob mus rau hauv daim ntawv mob ntev, txwv tsis pub tus neeg mob yuav tsim fibrosis, uas tom qab tsim cov stroma ntawm lub cev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tubules tuag. Thaum kawg, lub glomeruli puas lawm.
Yog tias koj pib mob nephritis ntawm ob lub raum, ces tus neeg yuav muaj nephrosclerosis. Cov txheej txheem no yog irreversible thiab hem lub neej.
Ray Jade
Nov yog ib hom kab mob tsawg heev. Vim nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws xob raug lub cev raug.
Nws yog vim qhov no uas hloov pauv dystrophic tshwm sim hauv cov epithelium ntawm lub raum tubules, uas ua rau atrophy.
Raws li txoj cai, tus kab mob no tau kuaj pom hauv cov neeg mob uas tau txais kev kho hluav taws xob ua ib feem ntawm kev kho mob qog noj ntshav, nrog rau cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv.
Radiation nephritis ntawm lub raum, cov tsos mob uas yuav luag zoo ib yam li cov teev saum toj no, feem ntau muaj cov kab mob ntev, thiab yuav luag txhua zaus ua rau kev txhim kho tsis ua haujlwm.
Shunt jade
Lwm hom kab mob tsawg tsawg. Cov kab mob no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob nyob ze ntawm lub raum glomeruli. Tus kab mob no loj heev, vim nws feem ntau ua rau pom cov ntshav txhaws hauv lub raum cov leeg. Nws kuj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, vim tias cov zis tawm ntawm cov zis cuam tshuam.
Nyob hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tau kho ntawm lub raum cov hlab ntsha thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev.
Tus kab mob no tshwm sim zoo li glomerulonephritis. Cov tsos mob zoo ib yam.
Hereditary Jade
No yog kab mob kawg. Hereditary nephritis - o ntawm lub raum, uas yog ib qho kev txiav txim ntawm caj ces glomerulopathy tsislub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Hauv lwm lo lus, nws qhov tshwm sim hauv tib neeg lub cev tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog rau lub raum pathologies uas tau muaj txij thaum yug los. Tsis tas li, raws li kev txheeb cais, ntxiv rau cov qauv tshwj xeeb ntawm glomerular hauv qab daus daim nyias nyias, cov neeg mob no kuj raug kuaj pom muaj teeb meem nrog kev pom thiab hnov lus.
Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov no tsis yog ib qho kab mob tsawg heev, txij li ib kis tshwm sim hauv 5000 ntawm cov pejxeem. Feem ntau, cov tsos mob ntawm qhov txhab raug kuaj pom thaum muaj hnub nyoog peb thiab kaum xyoo. Qhov no tshwm sim, raws li txoj cai, los ntawm lub caij nyoog - nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug cais urinary syndrome. Thiab cov tsos mob ntxov tshaj plaws yog hematuria.
Txhais tau
Jade yog kab mob raum uas feem ntau daws teeb meem. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias ib tug neeg mob siab rau cov tsos mob lig, thiab pib kho me ntsis belatedly. Feem ntau, cov neeg mob kuj tau tawm tsam nrog cov xwm txheej tsis zoo:
- Paresthesia. Nws manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv tingling thiab loog ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Camps, mob leeg.
- ua tsis taus pa.
- Cov kua dej nyob hauv qhov chaw uas nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ua (hauv plawv - hydropericardium, hauv ntsws - hydrothorax).
- Uremia.
Tab sis qhov phem tshaj plaws yog raum tsis ua haujlwm. Thaum nws ua txhaum tag nrho cov haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Thiab ntawm no yog qhov tshwm sim:
- Cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo metabolic tsis tawm hauv lub cev lawm, uas yog fraught nrog intoxication.
- Lub siab osmotic ntawm cov ntshav tsis raug tswj lawm.
- txheej txheem tawghematopoiesis. Tom qab tag nrho, lub raum noj qab nyob zoo secrete erythropoietin, ib yam khoom nquag uas ua rau tsim cov qe ntshav liab.
- Kev tswj cov ntsiab lus ntawm ions hauv cov ntshav nres.
- Hormones tso tseg ua ntej.
Cov tsos mob xws li khaus tawv nqaij, mob plab, iab thiab qhuav hauv qhov ncauj, raws plab, plab thiab lub qhov ntswg los ntshav, epidermal hemorrhages thiab nce kev kis kab mob feem ntau qhia tias muaj qhov teeb meem no.
Diagnosis
Nws suav nrog cov txheej txheem hauv qab no:
- Kev kuaj mob thiab keeb kwm noj.
- Surveying zis rau kev tsom xam, tshawb xyuas qhov biomaterial raws li Nechiporenko. Cov txheej txheem no tso cai rau koj txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov kab mob zais zais ntawm cov zis.
- ntsuas zis raws li Volgard lossis Zimnitsky.
- ntshav pub dawb rau kev tshuaj xyuas biochemical. Cov khoom siv biomaterial no feem ntau pom cov tsos mob ntawm leukocytosis, qhov txo qis ntawm tag nrho cov protein ntau, nce erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi thiab nce qib ntawm C-reactive protein.
- Ultrasound ntawm lub raum. Qhov no yog ib txoj hauv kev classic uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob tsis zoo thiab nyab xeeb ntsuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub cev thiab txheeb xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau.
Qee zaum, tus neeg mob yuav raug xa mus rau MRI, CT thiab radiopaque urography.
Drug therapy
Kev kho mob raum nephritis txaus tsuas yog kws kho mob tau sau tseg tom qab kuaj xyuas. Cov tshuaj twg yuav tsum tau kho yog nyob ntawm hom, hom kab mob, thiabtus yam ntxwv ntawm tus neeg mob.
Tab sis, raws li txoj cai, ib qho ntawm cov hauv qab no tau sau tseg:
- Tshuaj tua kab mob: Cefalexin, Ampicillin, Erythromycin. Lawv provoke qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov kab mob phem nyob rau hauv lub raum, thiab yog li ntawd tsim lub hauv paus ntawm kev kho mob. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev kho mob yog qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov ua rau.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntshav siab: Zenusin, Hemiton, Isoptin, Adelfan, Triniton. Lawv normalize ntshav siab. Contraindications yog cov kab mob plawv, plab thiab duodenal ulcers, nrog rau tus neeg intolerance rau lub Cheebtsam.
- tshuaj mob plawv: Diroton, Enam, Captopril. Lawv normalizes kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv system. Cov tshuaj no yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg muaj ntshav siab tsawg, hypersensitivity rau ATP inhibitors, aortic los yog mitral stenosis, ces nws zoo dua rau nws tsis txhob noj.
- Y Immunosuppressants: Cytoxan, Leukeran, Imuran. Cov tshuaj no ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog, uas yuav pab txo qis qhov o ntawm lub raum. Tab sis thaum lub zog ntawm cov pob txha pob txha raug txwv, lawv yuav tsum tau tso tseg.
- Y Diuretics: Spironol, Hypothiazid, Aldopur, Furosemide. Cov tshuaj no pab nce tus nqi ntawm cov zis tsim thiab nws tawm ntawm lub cev. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob noj thaum lub siab lossis lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, nrog rau yog tias tus neeg tau nce ntshav siab, ntshav qab zib mellitus lossis anuria.
Nrog rau lub raum nephritis, cov tshuaj zoo tshaj plaws yog Renel N, Canephron, Hepabel,"Artibel", "Urostin" thiab "Nefroks". Tus neeg mob kuj tau muab cov vitamins thiab calcium.
Yog qhov mob hnyav, ces tus neeg yuav raug xa mus rau txoj kev los ntxuav cov ntshav ntawm cov co toxins (hemosorption thiab plasmapheresis).
kev kho neeg zoo
Ntau tau hais saum toj no txog cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob raum. Nephritis yog ib yam kab mob loj, thiab nws yuav tsum tau ua lub luag haujlwm rau nws txoj kev kho. Qee tus txawm txiav txim siab ntxiv cov tshuaj kho mob nrog kev siv cov tshuaj pej xeem. Muaj ntau ntau cov zaub mov txawv, thiab ntawm no yog cov nyiam tshaj plaws:
- Carrot noob (3 tablespoons) ncuav boiling dej (1 l). Cia nws brew ib hmos, ces lim. Haus rau ntawm plab khoob 4-6 zaug hauv ib hnub hauv qhov me me.
- Y Dissolve lub mummy (1 g) nyob rau hauv 1 liter ntawm boiled dej. Haus ob zaug ib hnub rau 0.5 khob ib nrab ib teev ua ntej noj mov.
- Ciav figs hauv mis nyuj. Lim. Haus fig mis 2 khob ib hnub.
- Gooseberries (2 tablespoons) ncuav 1 khob dej, muab tso rau hluav taws rau 10 feeb. Boil, ntxiv ib tablespoon ntawm zib mu, sib tov. Haus 4 zaug ib hnub twg rau 0.5 khob.
- Pob kws stigmas (1 tsp) ncuav ib khob ntawm boiling dej thiab boil rau 20 feeb. Tom qab ntawd cia nws brew rau ib nrab ib teev thiab lim. Txhua peb teev, haus 2 tbsp. l.
- Hop cones (2 tablespoons) ncuav boiling dej (0.5 l), cia nws brew rau 2 teev thiab lim. Haus 4 zaug ib hnub twg rau 0.5 khob.
- Dioecious nettle (1 tablespoon) ncuav ib khob ntawm boiled dej. Cia nws brew rau 10 feeb, ces lim. Haus 1 peb zaug ib hnub twgArt. l.
- Crushed calamus rhizome (1 tsp) ncuav ib khob dej npau. Infuse rau 20 feeb, lim. Haus 4 zaug hauv ib hnub rau 0.5 khob ib nrab teev ua ntej noj mov.
Muaj ntau yam zaub mov txawv. Kev siv cov tshuaj pej xeem tiag tiag pab kom tshem tawm cov tsos mob ntawm lub raum nephritis. Lawv tuaj yeem pab txhawb kev kho mob, tab sis tsuas yog tias nws tau pom zoo los ntawm kws kho mob.
Nutritional nuances
Kev noj haus rau lub raum nephritis yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Tab sis koj yuav tsum pib nws nrog ob peb hnub yoo mov. Tsis yog lub sijhawm yooj yim tshaj plaws rau tus neeg mob, vim nws yuav raug txwv los ntawm yuav luag txhua yam khoom noj thiab kua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis qhia rau txhua tus neeg mob. Hnub yoo mov yog xav tau lossis tsis xav tau - tus kws kho mob yuav hais tom qab kuaj xyuas. Thiab lawv zoo li no:
- Hnub Qab Zib. Ib tug neeg haus 5 khob tshuaj yej nrog qab zib (50 g txhua) ib hnub.
- Qos yaj ywm. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ci 1 kilogram ntawm tubers hauv qhov cub thiab haus cov ntim no hauv 5 qhov sib npaug rau ib hnub.
- Pumpkin. Ib lub taub dag yuav tsum tau ci thiab noj hauv 5 servings.
- Txiv kab ntxwv. Ib yam li cov xwm txheej dhau los. Noj 5 pluas mov.
Tom qab ntawd, thaum ib tug neeg pib ua raws li kev noj haus, nws yuav tsum tso cov khoom xws li:
- Ntses thiab nqaij.
- Khoom noj muaj sodium.
- Cawv.
- S alt.
- Nqaij ntses nrog nqaij ntses.
- -nceb thiab legumes.
- txhua yam kib, roj, ntsim thiab starchy.
- Chocolate.
- Ntsuag nqaij thiabzaub mov kaus poom.
Koj tseem yuav tau txiav cov dej kom tsawg. Tus neeg mob tuaj yeem haus dej ntau npaum li hnub dhau los tawm ntawm nws. Cov npe ntawm cov khoom tso cai zoo li no:
- Bread tsis ntsev.
- zaub kua zaub nrog cereals.
- -Cov nqaij ntshiv (luav, nqaij qaib, qaib cov txwv).
- Qe (2 daim ib hnub - siab kawg).
- limited milk soups.
- Med.
- cucumbers, carrots, cabbage.
- Natural txiv hmab txiv ntoo haus, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txiv hmab txiv ntoo compotes, tshuaj ntsuab tshuaj yej.
Kev noj zaub mov tsim los ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus no yuav pab tshem tawm lub raum, tshem tawm cov khoom tsis tiav oxidized metabolic thiab co toxins los ntawm lub cev, thiab tseem tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom los ntawm cov khoom lag luam protein metabolism.
