Hnub no ntawm kev ua lag luam koj tuaj yeem pom ntau cov khoom lag luam uas tsis zoo. Ib txhia saib zoo heev li cov neeg tseem yuav lawv. Yog li ntawd, kev lom neeg feem ntau tshwm sim. Thiab yog tias tsuas yog noj tshuaj lom tuaj yeem kho tau hauv ib nrab hnub, ces kev lom methanol yog qhov txaus ntshai ntau dua.
Yuav tsum paub tus yeeb ncuab ntawm kev pom
Methyl cawv yog cov kua tsis muaj xim nrog cov yam ntxwv cawv tsw qab. Nws yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov tshuaj hauv tsev: cov kuab tshuaj, xim, thiab lwm yam. Qee zaum cov tshuaj methanol yog siv los tsim cov tshuaj. Methanol yog tshuaj lom thiab muaj kuab lom, yog li nws yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev.
Lub npe tsis tseem ceeb ntawm methanol yog cawv ntoo. Nws yog thawj zaug pom los ntawm Boulem hauv 1661, thaum lub sij hawm qhuav distillation ntawm ntoo. Hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, methyl cawv pib tsim tom qab 200 xyoo. Thiab nyob rau xyoo 1932, ib txoj hauv kev tau tshawb pom los ntawm cov tshuaj methanol ua rau niaj hnub no.
Methanol lom
Methanol lom tau thaum nws nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Qhov no yogtshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev. Thawj yog kev siv cov khoom uas muaj methyl cawv. Thiab qhov thib ob yog qhov nqus ntawm methanol vapors. Feem ntau, kev lom neeg tshwm sim vim yog siv cov cawv tsis zoo. Tsis yog txhua tus neeg tsim khoom ua raws li cov zaub mov txawv thiab xav txog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lawv cov neeg siv khoom, yog li ntawd, tsis yog ethyl cawv, methyl cawv feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv cov dej cawv.
Qee lub sij hawm, kev haus cawv cawv muaj ntau zuj zus vim muaj ntau yam dej cawv tsis zoo nkag mus rau hauv khw. Hauv xyoo 2011, muaj kev lom ntau tshwm sim hauv Turkey, thiab ib xyoos tom qab ntawd - hauv Czech koom pheej.
Ib zaug hauv tib neeg lub cev, methanol tawg mus rau hauv formic acid thiab formaldehyde. Ob yam tshuaj no ua rau lub siab, lub plawv thiab ntau lwm yam kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev.
Yuav ua li cas tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm tshuaj lom methanol
Thaum xaiv cawv, koj yuav tsum kuaj xyuas cov ntawv tso cai thiab daim ntawv pov thawj. Nws raug nquahu kom yuav cov dej cawv hauv cov khw muag khoom paub zoo nrog cov neeg muag khoom ntseeg siab.
Cov neeg tsav tsheb raug cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam kua, uas tej zaum yuav suav nrog methanol. Txhawm rau kom muaj tshuaj lom, nws yog qhov txaus kom nqus tau qhov vapors ntawm lub caij ntuj no lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom tsis ntseeg. Thiab tshuaj lom tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws no nkag rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom ua txhua yam txheej txheem nrog "tiv thaiv khov" nrog cov hnab looj tes thiab hauv chav ua pa.
Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, tau kawg,tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm methyl cawv lom. Zoo, methanol yog tos rau cov neeg zoo tib yam hauv cov kua roj vanish, xim, cov kuab tshuaj, qee cov tshuaj detergents, thiab lwm yam. Kev ntsuas kev ruaj ntseg Banal yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo.
Methanol lom: cov tsos mob
Tam sim ntawd nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias lub zog ntawm cov nyhuv methanol ntawm lub cev ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov koob tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob cia siab tias yuav txaus ntshai tag nrho cov tsos mob hauv qab no nrog kev lom me me.
Cov tsos mob ntawm cov tshuaj lom methanol yog qhov dav heev, vim nws cuam tshuam rau tag nrho cov kabmob sab hauv. Thaum noj, methyl cawv accumulates hauv daim siab hauv ob peb feeb. Txawm li cas los xij, thawj cov tsos mob tshwm sim tom qab li yim teev. Ntawm cov teeb meem nrog rau txoj hnyuv, cov tsos mob hauv qab no ntawm kev lom tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv: xeev siab, cramps, flatulence, txiav mob hauv plab.
Methyl cawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub cev ntawm qhov muag thiab hnov lus. Lub zeem muag feem ntau cuam tshuam. Nrog rau qhov mob hnyav heev, nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem kho nws. Lub zeem muag pib raug kev txom nyem maj mam tom qab muaj tshuaj lom methanol tshwm sim. Cov tsos mob tau pom xws li: qhov muag tsis pom ib nrab lossis ua tiav, ripples thiab mob ntawm lub qhov muag, qhov muag tsis pom kev.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm methanol rau ntawm lub paj hlwb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov tsos mob xws li: convulsions, tremors ntawm ceg, mob taub hau, fainting, irritability.
Cov kab mob plawv kuj ua rau kev noj tshuaj methylcawv. Ntshav siab hloov pauv (nce lossis txo), lub plawv dhia nrawm, qhov mob yuav tshwm sim hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub plawv. Yog hais tias lub siab nce, lub qhov ntswg yuav los ntshav.
Yog tias methanol nkag rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nws yuav ua rau kub hnyiab. Nrog rau mob hnyav heev, ib tus neeg tuaj yeem tsis nco qab lossis txawm poob rau hauv coma. Qhov no tshwm sim maj mam, yog li ntawm cov tsos mob me me ntawm kev qaug cawv, kev ntsuas hnyav yuav tsum tau ua.
Kev pab ib zaug
Nws yog lub sijhawm los qhia koj yuav ua li cas thaum muaj tshuaj lom methanol. Yog li, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, koj yuav tsum paub seb cov tshuaj lom no cuam tshuam rau lub cev li cas: hauv daim ntawv kua nws nkag mus rau hauv lub plab, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm vapor nws nkag mus rau hauv lub ntsws, los yog nws mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov tshuaj lom methanol, uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev nrog zaub mov lossis dej qab zib, koj yuav tsum pib nrog plab hnyuv. Qhov no yog ua tiav nrog dej ntshiab los yog ib qho kev daws ntawm dej qab zib nyob rau hauv me me concentrations. Tom qab haus ib liter ntawm kua, koj yuav tsum tau induce ntuav. Yog li koj yuav tsum tau ua ob peb zaug nrog lub sijhawm ntawm ib teev. Ntxiv nrog rau lub plab, ntau qhov methanol tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov hnyuv. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv parallel nrog gastric lavage, nws yog tsim nyog ua ib tug enema los yog haus ib tug laxative.
Tiv thaiv cov tshuaj lom methanol, uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cev ntawm cov vapors, yooj yim dua. Nws txaus tsuas yog muab cov neeg raug tsim txom nrog kev nkag mus ntawm huab cua huv. Nws yuav yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus rau sab nraud, tab sis koj tuaj yeem qhib qhov rais xwb. Koj tsis tas yuav ua kom nrawm nrawm. Kev nqus pa yog tsim nyog ob qho tib si nqus pa thiab ua pa. Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, koj tuaj yeem ua lub plab lavage. Tsuas yog hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav, thaumkoob tshuaj methanol yog qhov tseem ceeb, kev ua pa ntawm lub ntsws yuav tsum tau ua.
Yog tias methanol nkag mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab ua rau kub hnyiab, lawv yuav tsum tau so nrog ethyl cawv. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias daim tawv nqaij zoo ventilated.
Yog tias tus neeg raug tsim txom muaj tshee, ua daus no lossis tsis nco qab, koj yuav tsum muab nws txoj haujlwm kab rov tav. Npog nrog ib daim pam thiab tsa koj lub taub hau nrog lub hauv ncoo. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj yog tias tus neeg dag ntawm lawv sab.
Ethyl cawv feem ntau yog siv los ua tshuaj tua kab mob los tiv thaiv methanol lom. Nws rhuav tshem methanol thiab ua kom nws tshem tawm ntawm lub cev. Cov tshuaj me me ntawm 40% ethanol tov (vodka) tau noj txhua peb teev.
Thaum thawj cov tsos mob ntawm kev lom tshwm sim, koj yuav tsum hu rau tus kws kho mob tiag tiag!
Yuav tsis ua li cas
Yog li, tau txiav txim siab seb yuav ua li cas thaum muaj tshuaj lom methanol, nws tsim nyog nrhiav seb yuav ua li cas thiaj li tsis ua mob rau tus neeg raug mob. Koj tsis tas yuav kho koj tus kheej: txhua txoj hauv kev saum toj no tsuas yog xav tau los ua kom tus neeg mob zoo li qub kom txog thaum lub tsheb thauj neeg mob tuaj txog. Nws tsis tsim nyog noj txhua yam tshuaj uas nce lossis txo ntshav siab, txo qhov mob taub hau thiab tawm tsam lwm yam tsos mob.
Yog tias muaj tshuaj lom los ntawm txoj kev ua pa, tsis tas yuav tsum ua qhov enema. Yog tias methanol nkag mus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tsis txhob sim txo qhov mob nrog tshuaj pleev thiab hlawv cream. Muab tshuaj tua kab mob (ethanol) rau tus neeg mob yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj,thiab tsuas yog tus neeg ntawd nco qab. Cov koob tshuaj yuav tsum raug xam raws li hauv qab no: 1 gram ntawm ntshiab ethanol (2.5 g ntawm vodka) rau 1 kg ntawm lub cev hnyav. Ua ib qho dej ntws hauv tsev yog qhov tsis xav tau.
Yog tias koj tsis paub meej tias nws yog methanol uas ua rau muaj kev lom, nws yog qhov zoo dua tsis txhob siv ethyl cawv, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau mob. Yog tias tus neeg raug tsim txom tsis nco qab, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob cia nws nyob ib leeg. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob pw ntawm lub plab lossis nraub qaum. Hauv thawj kis, kev nkag mus ntawm huab cua yuav cuam tshuam, hauv qhov thib ob, yog tias koj ntuav, koj tuaj yeem choke.
Thaum muaj tshuaj lom nrog methanol, koj yuav tsum ceev faj heev kom tsis txhob ua mob rau tus neeg raug tsim txom. Nrog rau qhov mob hnyav heev, txawm tias qhov tshwm sim tuag tau tshwm sim, yog li kev txiav txim yuav tsum ceev thiab txiav txim siab. Koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv methanol lom, qhov tseem ceeb yog ua raws li tag nrho cov lus qhia saum toj no.
Tshuaj Kho Mob
Tom qab kev pab thawj zaug lawm, tus neeg raug tsim txom yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tsev kho mob kom cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem kho ntxiv. Kev kho mob yuav muaj ob theem: tswj lub cev kom zoo thiab kho cov haujlwm uas tau ua tsis zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm complex tshuaj lom, thaum ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm methanol tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, cov ntshav yog purified.
Txoj kev kho kom rov zoo nyob ntawm seb lub cev twg tau raug kev txom nyem tshaj plaws. Raws li txoj cai, lub cev ntawm lub zeem muag yog qhov phem tshaj. Cov chav kho mob suav nrog kev noj cov vitamins, kev tawm dag zog tshwj xeeb, thiab qee zaum phais.
Yog tias methanol nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm txoj kev ua pa thiab tsoo cov mucous membrane, ua kev kawmnqus tau pa. Nrog kev pab los ntawm kev npaj tshuaj ntsuab, nws hloov tawm los kho thiab tua kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev.
Txawm qhov muaj tshuaj lom, kev kho mob dav dav yog xav tau tom qab nws. Nws suav nrog so, noj cov vitamins, noj zaub mov, thiab lwm yam.
Zoo kawg
Tsis muaj leej twg muaj kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev lom methanol, thiab txawm tias tus kws tshaj lij tuaj yeem tau txais cov tshuaj methyl cawv los ntawm cov zaub mov tsis zoo. Txhua leej txhua tus tsis yog, nco ntsoov tsawg kawg yog zaj duab xis "Engineer Cochin's Mistake" (1939). Tab sis cov neeg paub txog qhov teeb meem no yuav cawm tau lawv txoj sia thiab lwm tus txoj sia.
