Kab mob ntawm cov pos hniav kab mob: ua rau, tsos mob, kev kho mob

2024 Tus sau: Curtis Blomfield | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 21:10

kab mob ntawm cov pos hniav yog kab mob tsis tshua muaj kab mob. Nws tshwm sim hauv 3% ntawm cov neeg hauv ntiaj teb. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm degenerative hloov nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg periodontal. Gingival recession tshwm sim, qhov siab ntawm cov txheej txheem alveolar txo. Ntawd yog, tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg uas pab kom cov hniav nyob hauv lub qhov raug cuam tshuam. Cov txheej txheem o tuaj yeem tsis tuaj.

Kev puas tsuaj tob rau cov ntaub so ntswg

Hauv daim duab, kab mob hauv lub cev zoo li txaus ntshai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau theem kawg: cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov hniav raug nthuav tawm thiab npog nrog cov pob zeb tawv tawv, thiab cov ntshav uas muaj purulent exudate seeps los ntawm cov pos hniav. Tau kawg, xws li kev hloov pauv loj heev tsuas yog pom thaum tus kab mob tsis saib xyuas hnyav. Yog tias tus neeg mob tig mus rau tus kws kho hniav hauv lub sijhawm, kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological tuaj yeem nres.

Kab mob Gum Kab Mob Periodontal yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev nce qib ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg uas nyob ib puag ncig cov hniav thiab tuav nws hauv lub puab tsaig. Cov txheej txheem pathologicalcuam tshuam:

• gingiva;
• periodontal ligament;
• hniav cag cement;
• txheej txheem alveolar.

Thaum muaj kab mob periodontitis, lub caj dab ntawm cov hniav raug nthuav tawm. Cov pos hniav swells thiab hloov xim. Qee lub sij hawm nws dhau los ua tsis zoo li daj ntseg lossis, sib txawv, blushes. Tom qab ntawd, nws pib maj mam rov qab, nthuav tawm cov hauv paus hniav. Nws muaj xim daj, yog li nws txawv heev ntawm cov xim ntawm lub crown. Tus neeg mob tuaj yeem kuaj pom tus kab mob ntawm nws tus kheej thaum ntxov tsuas yog tias qhov kev poob qis tshwm sim hauv cov hniav hauv ntej. Qhov kev hloov pauv yuav pom tau thaum koj luag ntxhi.

Tshuaj pleev ib ce tsis zoo tsis yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm kab mob periodontal. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg mob feem ntau qhia tias cov neeg mob tau xoob ntawm cov hniav thiab cov tsos ntawm cov ntxhiab tsw tsw. Ntau tus neeg mob tsis muaj mob, yog li lawv tsis maj mus nrhiav kev pab los ntawm kws kho hniav. Qee zaum, qhov rhiab heev ntawm cov hniav nce. Muaj mob thaum siv cov khoom noj qaub lossis txias. Thiab kuj thaum txhuam koj cov hniav.

Cov txheej txheem pathological yog qhov txaus ntshai vim tias, pib nrog ib tus hniav, nws yuav maj mam npog thaj chaw nyob sib ze. Yog tsis muaj kev kho mob, qhov xwm txheej yuav maj mam zuj zus. Nws hem kom plam nws cov hniav. Yog li ntawd, cov kws kho hniav pom zoo kom niaj hnub tshuaj xyuas kom ntau li ntau tau. Cov kev ua ub no tso cai rau koj txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem hauv lub sijhawm thiab ua cov kauj ruam los nres cov txheej txheem pathological. Kev tuav pov hwm keeb kwm ntawm cov kab mob periodontal ntawm nruab nrab thiab pib kawm tiav yog tsim nyog rau tus kws kho hniav thiaj li yuavua raws cov kev hloov tsis tu ncua.

Ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm pathology

kab mob ntawm cov pos hniav pib tshwm sim thaum cov ntshav muab rau cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib puag ncig cov hniav deteriorates. Qhov no provokes ib tug ua txhaum ntawm mineral thiab protein metabolism. Periodontal cov ntaub so ntswg tsis muaj oxygen thiab as-ham, thiab co toxins accumulates. Tag nrho cov no ua rau qeeb qeeb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg rov tsim dua. Kev loj hlob retardation tshwm sim, thiab alveolar ib feem ntawm lub puab tsaig maj atrophies.

Qhov nyuaj ntawm kev kho mob ntawm cov pos hniav periodontitis yog vim qhov tseeb tias qhov ua rau nws txoj kev loj hlob tseem tsis tau tsim. Pathology tshwm sim txawm nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas nruj me ntsis saib xyuas qhov ncauj huv si thiab mus ntsib kws kho hniav raws sij hawm.

Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg tias cov xwm txheej hauv qab no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv dystrophic:

1. Hereditary predisposition.
2. Atherosclerosis ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
3. Kev haus luam yeeb. Cov kws tshawb fawb Asmeskas tau tsim tsis ntev los no tias muaj kev sib txuas ncaj qha ntawm kab mob hauv lub cev thiab kev quav tshuaj nicotine. Cov khoom lag luam luam yeeb cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov ntshav mus rau cov pos hniav thiab cov txheej txheem alveolar. Ntau tshaj li ib txhiab tus neeg tuaj koom rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no. Tus neeg twg uas haus luam yeeb txog ib pob ib hnub rau ntau xyoo yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua ob npaug ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov hniav ib yam li cov neeg uas tsis txhob haus luam yeeb. Ntxiv mus, txawm tias txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology tuaj yeem raug tso tseg, nws pib rov ua dua sai li sai tau thaum tus neeg rov qab los rau kev quav tshuaj.
4. Hypertension.
5. Pathologies ntawm lub caj pas pituitary. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zooLub caj pas pituitary ua rau ntau lub cev tsis ua haujlwm, uas yog nrog los ntawm kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem pathological hauv cov kab mob dentoalveolar. Yog li ntawd, cov kab mob ntawm lub caj pas pituitary thiab kab mob periodontal yog ze ze.
6. YHypovitaminosis.
7. Kab mob plab hnyuv.
8. Muaj tseeb.
9. Kev quav cawv.
10. Neurological kab mob.
11. Kev raug mob rau cov ntaub so ntswg. Piv txwv li, kev teeb tsa ntawm cov qauv orthodontic ntawm qhov tsis zoo, bruises lossis pob txha.
12. Kev cuam tshuam endocrine.

Cov kws kho hniav tau pom tias muaj ntau tus neeg mob muaj qhov tso rau ntawm lawv cov hniav, uas cov kab mob pathogenic tuaj yeem tsim. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob periodontal, qhov no yog tsis txiav txim siab.

Kev tsim ntawm pathology hauv cov neeg mob hluas feem ntau tshwm sim tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm vegetative-vascular dystonia. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj hnub nyoog tsib caug xyoo, kab mob periodontal feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov neeg uas raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kub siab. Los ntawm qhov no peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias pathology tsim los ntawm hypoxia, uas yog provoked los ntawm sclerosis lossis vasospasm.

Symptoms of disease

Cov kab mob ntawm cov pos hniav yog kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg nyob ib puag ncig cov hniav. Muaj ib qho kev nthuav tawm ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kho kom zoo ntawm cov hniav yog khaws cia ntev.

Vim qhov kev loj hlob qeeb, thawj theem ntawm pathology mus tsis pom los ntawm tus neeg mob. Qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai thiab insidiousness ntawm tus kab mob. Tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm asymptomatic txoj kev loj hlob, muaj kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceebtshuaj xyuas koj cov pos hniav thaum lub sij hawm tu cev thiab tiv tauj koj tus kws kho hniav yog tias koj pom cov cim hauv qab no:

1. Pom pom qhov ntev ntawm cov hniav.
2. Gum whitening tab sis tsis pom qhov mob.
3. Tsim kom muaj qhov tso nyiaj tsawg heev.
4. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub ntsej muag zoo li qhov tsis xws luag, yaig ntawm cov enamel lossis puas ntawm cov hniav.

Tag nrho cov cim saum toj no ntawm cov pos hniav los ntshav tsis nrog. Tab sis raws li txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pathology, tus neeg mob yuav pib pom cov tsos mob hauv qab no:

1. xav khaus, mob lossis kub hnyiab hauv mucosa.
2. Ripple hauv cov pos hniav.
3. Tuag ntshav thaum txhuam hniav lossis noj mov.
4. cov pos hniav o.
5. Split or xoob cov hniav.
6. Ntawm qhov tsw tsw qab ntxiag.

Thaum kawg ntawm cov kab mob pathology, kev tsim cov hniav ntawm cov hniav tshwm sim. Nws lub kaus mom tuaj yeem noj qab nyob zoo, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov hauv paus hniav yuav raug nthuav tawm. Cov hniav zoo li no yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua nws txoj haujlwm ib txwm vim yog xoob. Thaum tsis muaj kev kho kom raug, qhov mob tuaj yeem tshwm sim, uas tuaj yeem ua rau mob sepsis.

theem kab mob

Kev kho mob ntawm cov pos hniav yuav tsum pib sai li sai tau. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, koj muaj peev xwm suav rau ib tug tseem ceeb slowdown los yog tso tseg cov txheej txheem. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua nyob rau hauv feem ntau kom tag nrho cov qub lub xeev ntawm cov pos hniav.

Pathology feem ntau pib nrog o ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm cov txheej txheem alveolar. Nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hniavBasophilic xoob masses sib sau ua ke, uas muaj tib lub hlwb epithelial thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob. Muaj kev hnov qhov khaus ntawm cov pos hniav, lawv pib o. Qhov chaw nyob ib ncig ntawm lub caj dab ntawm cov hniav ua rhiab dua. Noj cov zaub mov tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau los ntshav. Tag nrho cov kev hloov pauv no xa mus rau theem pib ntawm pathology.

Nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub sijhawm ntev, cov theem hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:

1. Thawj. Muaj kev txav me ntsis ntawm cov hniav, qhov pom ntawm lub pob zeb thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub caj dab. Cov pos hniav yog o. Kev kho hniav tseem tsis tau tawg.
2. Second. Cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov hniav tau nthuav tawm ntau dua. Qhov no ua rau tsim ib lub hnab gingival, uas tej zaum yuav muaj cov ntshav los yog purulent exudate. Qee lub sij hawm lub mucosa muaj xim xiav. Cov kev txav ntawm cov hniav nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia lateral nce. Ntawm x-ray, koj tuaj yeem pom tias cov pob txha ntawm cov hauv paus hniav yog luv.
3. Thib peb. Cov hauv paus hniav raug nthuav tawm ib nrab ntawm lawv qhov ntev. Lawv qhib ib feem yog them nrog cov khoom deposits. Ua kom cov hniav txav thiab hnab tsho loj.
4. Plaub. Muaj ua tiav atrophy ntawm pob txha txhawb nqa. Koj tuaj yeem tig cov hniav mus rau txhua qhov kev taw qhia, nws tsuas yog kho los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg.

Tus kws kho hniav yuav tsum txiav txim siab txog theem ntawm pathology txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb yuav kho tus kab mob li cas. Tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem rau txhua tus neeg mob. Kev kho mob nyob ntawm ob theem ntawm tus kab mob thiab nyob ntawm tus neeg mob tus mob thiab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov teeb meem. Yuav kom ua tiav qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, tag nrho cov kev ntsuas yuav tsum tau ua. Cov no yuav suav nrog kev kho tshuaj tua kab mob, noj cov vitamins lossis tshuaj hormones,Kev phais orthopedic lossis physiotherapy care.

Kev Kho Hniav

Ua ntej pib kho, tus kws kho hniav yuav tsum kawm txog keeb kwm kho mob. Periodontal kab mob ntawm qhov mob hnyav tsis tuaj yeem kho tau tag nrho. Tab sis, ua tsaug rau cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom cov pos hniav rov qab thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem qeeb.

Kev kho tus qauv suav nrog ob peb kauj ruam:

1. Kev kuaj pom thawj zaug thiab kuaj cov hniav txav.
2. X-ray.
3. Tau suav suav.
4. Zaj gingival sulcus.
5. Kuaj vascular patency.
6. Rehabilitation ntawm qhov ncauj. Qhov no suav nrog: kev kho kab mob caries, cov kab nrib pleb txhaws, cov fab ntse thiab tshem tawm pob zeb.
7. Kho cov mob uas yuav ua rau muaj kab mob hauv lub cev.
8. Physiotherapy rau cov pos hniav. Piv txwv li, darsonvalization thiab electrophoresis. Thiab kuj yog ib tug massage. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ntshav txaus rau cov pos hniav thiab saturate lawv nrog cov as-ham. Qhov no txhim kho cov ntaub so ntswg rov tsim dua tshiab thiab nres cov txheej txheem ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
9. Laser kho.
10. Kev sib tw. Cov txheej txheem no yog txhawm rau txo qis kev txav ntawm cov hniav uas xoob zaum hauv cov pos hniav. Tsau splinting yog siv nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm periodontal kab mob. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov qauv, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom tag nrho cov hniav hauv kab yog khaws cia. Cov khoom siv tshaj plaws rau kev sib tsoo yog fiberglass xov. Nws uniformlyfaib cov load ntawm tag nrho cov hniav, tsis ua mob rau lawv thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau cov tsos. Cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej tsis mob thiab siv sijhawm tsawg dua ib teev. Tshem tawm splinting yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj ntawm cov kab mob periodontal, thaum cov hniav pib ntog. Lub prosthesis yog ua raws li tus neeg ntsuas ntawm tus neeg mob. Nws yuav kho cov hniav uas tseem tshuav thiab kaw qhov khoob uas tshwm sim.
11. Gingival flap transplantation. Kev phais kho qhov tsos ntawm cov hniav. Hmoov tsis zoo, nws tsis tuaj yeem daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg puas.

Thaum tus kab mob lig dhau lawm, cov hniav feem ntau poob tawm. Zoo li pob txha atrophy. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj qhov tsis hnov tsw ntawm lub qhov ncauj, malocclusion tau pom. Nyob rau theem no, cov txheej txheem teev saum toj no yuav tsis tuaj yeem pab tus neeg mob. Tib txoj kev tawm yog los txhim kho kev cog qoob loo.

kev kho mob

Tom qab tus kws kho hniav tau ua txhua yam kev tsim nyog, tus neeg mob yuav raug pom zoo siv tshuaj kho cov pos hniav. Kev kho mob ntawm periodontitis nrog pej xeem tshuaj, uas yog nyiam los ntawm ntau tus neeg mob, yuav siv tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv ua ke nrog nrog tshuaj. Tus neeg mob yuav raug muab tshuaj immunomodulators, txhaj rau hauv cov pos hniav, vitamin complexes, nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob los yog cov tshuaj hormones.

Nyob rau hauv kev kho cov kab mob periodontal, cov tshuaj hauv qab no tau ua pov thawj lawv tus kheej zoo tshaj:

1. "Tsiprolet A". Cov tshuaj no tshem tawm cov kab mob ntawm qhov ncauj.
2. "Erythromycin". Nws raug sau tseg yog tias purulent exudate pom nyob rau hauv cov pos hniav. Kev faib pibtxo twb nyob rau hnub ob ntawm kev kho.
3. Clindamycin. Feem ntau, cov tshuaj tau muab rau cov kab mob hauv lub cev.
4. "Levosin". Cov tshuaj pleev kom sov rau qhov kub ntawm 36 degrees yog txhaj rau hauv cov kab noj hniav purulent.
5. "Olazol". Cov aerosol muaj cov roj hiav txwv buckthorn thiab lwm yam tshuaj uas txo qhov mob thiab muaj cov nyhuv analgesic.

Kev txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov pos hniav yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los kho cov kab mob periodontal. Ua ntej thiab tom qab cov duab coj los ntawm cov neeg mob paub meej tias qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Cov tshuaj tau qhia hauv txoj kev no tam sim ntawd nkag mus rau cov ntaub so ntswg puas.

Cov tshuaj hauv qab no yog siv rau kev txhaj tshuaj:

1. Aloe Extract.
2. "Traumeel".
3. Vitamin C.
4. YBiogenic stimulants.
5. "Ribonuclease".
6. Lidaza.
7. "Methyluracil".

Recipes of traditional medicine

Lwm yam tshuaj tsuas pab tau tus neeg mob thaum pib ntawm cov pos hniav. Kev kho tus kab mob periodontal nrog cov tshuaj pej xeem yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ke nrog tag nrho cov lus pom zoo los ntawm kws kho hniav. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov ntshav thiab khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov pos hniav, cov hauv qab no pab:

1. Qej. Cov hniav yuav tsum tau txiav ua ob ntu. Ua ib qho zaws nrog ib daim, rub cov kua txiv rau hauv cov pos hniav.
2. Hiav txwv ntsev thiab zib ntab sib xyaw ua ke sib npaug. Hloov cov sib tov rau gauze thiab siv rau cov pos hniav. Lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg 40 feeb.
3. Aloe nplooj txiav ua ob ntu. Siv lub pulp rau 30 feebcov pos hniav.
4. Sib tov 400 g ntawm horseradish cag, ncuav nws nrog ib liter ntawm boiled dej. Infuse qhov sib tov rau yim teev, lim. Siv tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj.
5. Ntxiv ib pinch ntawm calamus hmoov txhua hnub rau tshuaj txhuam hniav thaum txhuam.

tshuaj txhuam hniav tiv thaiv kab mob kab mob

Ntau tus neeg mob ntawm chaw kho hniav lub chaw ua haujlwm txaus siab yuav kho cov kab mob hauv tsev sai thiab zoo. Hmoov tsis, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom kov yeej no pathology ntawm koj tus kheej. Tab sis cov tshuaj txhuam hniav kho thiab prophylactic pab txo cov tsos mob tsis zoo thiab txhim kho cov pos hniav. Yog tias koj siv lawv tsawg kawg ob zaug hauv ib hnub, koj tuaj yeem pom kev txhim kho tseem ceeb.

Cov tshuaj txhuam hniav zoo tshaj plaws suav nrog:

1. "Splat Biocalcium". Tshem tawm rhiab heev nyob rau hauv wedge-shaped defects. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws ntxiv dag zog rau cov hniav enamel thiab txhim kho cov pos hniav.
2. "Lacalut Fluor". Kev siv tsis tu ncua txhim kho cov pos hniav. rhiab heev rau qaub thiab txias yog txo heev.
3. President Active Clinical. Tshem tawm los ntshav thiab cov pos hniav rhiab heev. Triclosan, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, muaj cov nyhuv anti-inflammatory.
4. "Acadet". Cov tshuaj txhuam hniav muaj cov kab mob uas tiv thaiv cov hniav lwj. Tshem tawm cov plaque thiab enamel microcracks. Nws muaj cov nyhuv filling ntawm lub caj dab liab qab.
5. Asepta Sensitive. Cov tshuaj nplaum yog tsim rau cov hniav rhiab thiab tiv thaiv cov pos hniav.

Nyob zooremineralization

Remineralization ntawm cov hniav nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm cov kab mob periodontal tuaj yeem ua rau qeeb ntawm cov kab mob. Qhov sai dua tus neeg mob pom qhov pib ntawm kev tsim ntawm cov kab nrib pleb tsis zoo thiab ua haujlwm, qhov zoo dua. Remineralization yog saturation ntawm cov hniav enamel nrog phosphorus thiab calcium, uas restore nws cov qauv.

Ob peb xyoos dhau los, tsuas yog tus kws kho hniav xwb thiaj ua tau li no. Tam sim no qhov xwm txheej tau hloov lawm. Tus neeg mob tuaj yeem txuag lub sijhawm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsim nyog hauv tsev. Ua li no, koj yuav tsum tau yuav ib lub remineralizing gel rau cov hniav. Nws yuav tsum tau siv ob zaug ib hnub, tom qab txhuam koj cov hniav. Haus thiab noj tsis pub dhau ib teev tom qab daim ntawv thov raug txwv.

Ib yam khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua lag luam yog R. O. C. S. Nws tshem tawm cov kab nrib pleb zoo li qub, enamel yaig, txo cov hniav rhiab heev thiab kho qhov qub microflora ntawm qhov ncauj kab noj hniav. Cov gel muaj kev nyab xeeb kiag li nqos. Nws tuaj yeem muab tshuaj rau cov menyuam yaus los ntawm cov menyuam mos thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub. Remineralizing gel R. O. C. S. yog ib qho tshuaj zoo nyob rau theem pib ntawm cov pos hniav, kab mob periodontal. Cov duab ntawm cov neeg mob cov hniav ua ntej thiab tom qab siv cov tshuaj no paub meej tias cov kab me me uas tsis zoo yog tshem tawm tag nrho. Thiab cov enamel tseem ceeb dua.

Kev Tiv Thaiv

Kev tshawb fawb tsis tuaj yeem sau npe qhov tseeb ua rau cov kab mob pos hniav kab mob mus txog rau tam sim no. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob no. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tuaj yeem txo qis yog tiasua raws li cov cai yooj yim:

1. Saib xyuas koj qhov ncauj kom huv si thiab mus ntsib kws kho hniav raws sijhawm.
2. Nws pom zoo kom zaws cov pos hniav txhua hnub tom qab txhuam koj cov hniav.
3. Qu haus luam yeeb.
4. Nyob zoo. Nco ntsoov tias lub cev tau txais tag nrho cov vitamins thiab minerals tsim nyog. Txwv cov khoom qab zib.
5. Kawm chav kawm ntawm vitamin complexes.

Kua kom koj cov hniav noj qab nyob zoo tsis yog rau lub ntsej muag dawb xwb, tab sis kuj ua rau lub cev noj qab haus huv tag nrho.