Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vwm rau tib neeg: sijhawm, kev phiv

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vwm rau tib neeg: sijhawm, kev phiv
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vwm rau tib neeg: sijhawm, kev phiv

Video: Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vwm rau tib neeg: sijhawm, kev phiv

Video: Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vwm rau tib neeg: sijhawm, kev phiv
Video: Kidney Infection, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment. 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Rabies yog kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm rhabdoviruses. Txog niaj hnub no, tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev kho kom zoo uas tuaj yeem tiv tau tus kab mob no. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm tus kab mob txaus ntshai, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob dev vwm, kev taw qhia uas muab kev tiv thaiv zoo. Kev tiv thaiv luv luv tiv thaiv kab mob yog muab los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vwm immunoglobulin. Nws tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm kev sib kis ntawm tus kab mob tom qab ib tug tom los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb uas neutralize cov kab mob.

cov ntaub ntawv dav dav

Tsuas txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kab mob vwm. Txoj kev ntawm kev sib kis yog los ntawm tus tsiaj mob mus rau ib tug neeg. Kev phom sij nrog nas, hma, badgers, hma, raccoon aub, puav, dev tsis tau txhaj tshuaj thiab miv. Tus kab mob no nkag mus los ntawm cov qaub ncaug ntawm tus tsiaj ntawm cov mucous los yog puas daim tawv nqaij ntawm ib tug neeg thiab ntxiv mus rau hauv cov ntshav. Tsiv mus tom ntej, nws sai sai mus txog cov paj hlwb ntawm tus txha caj qaum, lub paj hlwb cortex, ua rau muaj kab mob txaus ntshai ntawm encephalitis. Tom qab qhov tsosthawj cov tsos mob ntawm kev tuag tshwm sim tom qab 7-10 hnub. Lub sij hawm incubation yog vague thiab kav los ntawm kaum mus rau tsib caug hnub, nyob ntawm seb qhov chaw ntawm tom, qhov loj ntawm lub qhov txhab, thiab lub hnub nyoog ntawm tus neeg. Qhov txaus ntshai tshaj plaws yog sawv cev los ntawm kev raug mob thiab qhov txhab ntawm cov ceg tawv, thaj tsam thoracic, caj dab thiab lub ntsej muag. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, kev taw qhia ntawm immunoglobulin rau hauv qhov chaw tom yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

History

L. Pasteur, tus kws tshawb fawb Fab Kis, tau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vwm.

Kab mob Rabies
Kab mob Rabies

Rov qab rau xyoo 1885, nws tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis muaj zog rau tus menyuam muaj cuaj xyoos uas tau raug tus dev dev tom. Tus menyuam ciaj sia. Nyob rau yav tom ntej, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau rov ua dua tshiab. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo heev tau tsim muaj kev ntseeg siab tiv thaiv tus kab mob tom qab sib cuag nrog nws, thiab tseem siv los tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj.

Symptoms of disease

Qhov chaw puas ntawm lub dermis hloov liab, o yog pom. Mob raws cov hlab ntsha xaus thiab khaus khaus yog qhov pom tseeb ntawm tus kab mob. Ces general malaise, qaug zog, pw tsaug zog tsis zoo koom. Tom qab ib lub sij hawm, cov tsos mob nce thiab tshwm sim li:

  • rabies;
  • ua rau cov leeg nqaij contractions hauv pharynx thiab larynx;
  • ua pa nrov nrov. Nws tuaj yeem nres thaum sim haus dej;
  • tawm tsam uas kav ob peb feeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub taub hau thiab lub cev raug pov rov qab, tus neeg mob qw, nws txhais tes tshee;
  • kev ua phem, hyperexcitability. Tus neeg tuaj yeem tsoo thiab rhuav tshem cov khoom uas nyob ib puag ncig nws;
  • -nce strongiing thiab salivation.
tus dev tsis muaj tsev
tus dev tsis muaj tsev

Kev mob ntawm lub paj hlwb cortex, hypotension, tuag tes tuag taw ntawm sab sauv thiab sab qis, kub taub hau rau qhov tseem ceeb ua rau tuag.

Kev saib xyuas tiv thaiv kab mob vwm

Nws muaj nyob rau hauv kev kho mob hauv zos ntawm qhov chaw cuam tshuam thiab qhov chaw uas muaj qaub ncaug ntawm tus tsiaj. Tom ntej no yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rabies. Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm indications - thiab anti-rabies immunoglobulin. Lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm qhov kev taw qhia ntawm qhov kawg thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj peb caug feeb. Cov qaub ncaug ntawm tus tsiaj muaj kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub hlwb los ntawm cov hlab ntsha, yog li koj yuav tsum hu rau lub tsev kho mob sai li sai tau. Cov txheej txheem tom qab tus tsiaj tua:

  • Tam sim ntawd ntxuav lub qhov txhab kom tsawg li 15 feeb nrog dej ntws thiab xab npum ntxhua khaub ncaws. Cov tshuaj xab npum ntxuav cov av thiab qaub ncaug;
  • kho thaj chaw puas ntawm lub dermis nrog tshuaj tua kab mob, xws li iodine, potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate), ci ntsuab (brilliant ntsuab) lossis 70% cawv daws;
  • siv cov ntaub qhwv tsis muaj menyuam;
  • mus rau lub tsev kho mob thawj hnub tom qab raug mob.
Immunoglobulin anti-rabies
Immunoglobulin anti-rabies

Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ua tiav thaum tus neeg raug tsim txom tsis pom tus kab mob.

Qhia tshuaj tiv thaiv

Yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob dev vwm rau tus neeg tom qab yog qhov tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no:

  • thaum ntsib tsiaj qus;
  • ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub dermis nrog cov khoom moistened nrog cov qaub ncaug ntawm tus tsiaj dev;
  • -tom lossis khawb ntawm rab tsiaj rab tawv lossis cov tsiaj uas tsis sib xws;
  • nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev ua txhaum ntawm kev ncaj ncees ntawm integument ntawm dermis tom qab tua ntawm cov tsiaj qus los yog rabid;
  • kev ua haujlwm tshaj lij uas cuam tshuam nrog cov tsiaj (noob, kws kho tsiaj, neeg yos hav zoov, tus ntxiab thiab qee qhov).

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob dev vwm yog kev qhia txog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vwm uas tau sau npe hauv Lavxias Federation.

Antirabies Culture Concentrated Purified Inactivated Vaccine (KOCAV)

- Yog hais tias yog hais txog kev kho mob immunobiological npaj. Nws tsis muaj tshuaj tua kab mob lossis tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txhawb nqa kev txhim kho ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev ua yeeb yam thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv kab mob vwm. Nws yog siv rau kev kho mob thaum raug tom los yog kev sib cuag ntawm cov neeg muaj mob, qus, tsis paub cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tsiaj ntiaj teb. Kev tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vwm nrog cov tshuaj no tau qhia rau cov neeg uas muaj kev pheej hmoo kis tus neeg vim yog lawv cov haujlwm tshaj lij.

Vaccine KOKAV
Vaccine KOKAV

Tsis muaj contraindications rau kev siv raws li kev kho thiab tiv thaiv kab mob prophylactic tau raug txheeb xyuas. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txhaj rau hauv lub xub pwg leeg ntawm cov neeg laus, thiab rau cov menyuam yaus - mus rau sab sauv ntawm tus ncej puab. Nws yog txwv tsis pub nkag mus rau hauv lub pob tw. Tus neeg uas tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tus kws kho mob li ib nrab teev. Cov kev mob tshwm sim tshwm sim ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj qhua vwm hauv tib neeg yog:

  • me me o;
  • redness ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj;
  • khaus;
  • hyperemia;
  • mob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj;
  • nthuav cov qog ntshav;
  • tsis muaj zog;
  • mob taub hau;
  • kev tsis haum ntawm qhov xwm txheej;
  • mob hlwb. Yog tias lawv tshwm sim, yuav tsum tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob ceev mus rau qhov chaw kho mob.

Kab lis kev cai purified inactivated rabies tshuaj tiv thaiv ("Rabipur")

Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vwm rau hauv ib tus neeg uas tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los, kev tiv thaiv kab mob txaus yuav ua tiav hauv peb mus rau plaub lub lis piam. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tsis txhob txhaj rau hauv thaj tsam gluteal, vim tias muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev tsim cov lus teb tsis zoo. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv zoo ib yam li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv KOKAV.

Contraindications:

  • kab mob nyob rau theem mob;
  • kab mob sib kis nyob rau theem mob. Kev kis mob me me tsis yog contraindication;
  • Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav rau cov tshuaj tua kab mob (chlortetracycline, amphotericin thiab neomycin);
  • tus neeg tsis kam lees rau cov khoom uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv;
  • Keeb kwm ntawm ntau yam teeb meem los ntawm kev tswj hwm yav dhau los ntawm cov tshuaj no;
  • pregnancy.
Tshuaj tiv thaiv vials
Tshuaj tiv thaiv vials

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tag nrho cov saum toj no tsuas yog siv rau kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Rau kev qhia txog cov tshuaj nrog kev kho mob thiab prophylactic lub hom phiaj, tsis muaj kev xeeb tub lossis kev pub niam mis yog contraindication. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vwmrau ib tug neeg, kev tsis zoo tshwm sim nrog kev puas tsuaj rau lub nruab nrog cev thiab lub cev tshwm sim nrog ntau zaus. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no tau raug txheeb xyuas thaum lub sijhawm kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov kev phiv ntau:

  • lymphadenopathy;
  • kiv taub hau lossis mob taub hau;
  • plab tsis xis nyob;
  • nausea;
  • ntua;
  • mob plab;
  • rash;
  • urticaria;
  • myalgia;
  • nruj, mob ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj;
  • faus;
  • kub nce.

Tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim:

  • kev nyuaj siab;
  • paresthesia;
  • tawm hws ntau dhau;
  • tremor;
  • radicular puas;
  • tus kab mob;
  • polyneuropathy.

Cov teebmeem tshwm sim thaum siv tshuaj tiv thaiv: kiv taub hau, qaug zog, anaphylactic shock, encephalitis, angioedema. Nws tsis pom zoo kom nres thiab cuam tshuam qhov pib prophylaxis vim qhov mob me lossis hauv zos cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tib neeg rabies. Raws li cov kws kho mob, cov tsos mob no raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

Tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab tom

Hmoov tsis zoo, ntau tus pej xeem muaj cov ntaub ntawv cuav thiab ntseeg tias txhaj tshuaj hauv plab thiab mob heev. Qhov tseeb, lawv yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov leeg nqaij ntawm lub xub pwg nyom thiab sab sauv ntawm tus ncej puab. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Rabies rau tib neeg:

  • thawj hnub ntsib kws kho mob;
  • hnub peb;
  • los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm thawj lub lim tiam tom qabtom;
  • hnub kaum plaub;
  • hnub peb caug;
  • hnub cuaj caum.

Yog li, chav kawm puv yog rau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv uas yuav tsum tsis txhob nco. Nws yog kev taw qhia raws li lub sijhawm no uas ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm kev tiv thaiv.

Cas qhov twg tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab no, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob dev vwm ntawm tus neeg tom qab kev sib cuag nrog tus tsiaj tsis ua tiav:

  • Cov dermis lossis cov mucous membranes tsis puas tom qab tom qab (cov khaub ncaws tuab tiv thaiv tib neeg daim tawv nqaij).
  • Tus tsiaj paub tias txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
  • Kaum hnub tom qab qhov kev tawm tsam, tus tsiaj nyob hauv kev soj ntsuam tseem noj qab nyob zoo. Hauv qhov no, kev txhaj tshuaj pib raug tso tseg.

Tshuaj tiv thaiv

Yog tias nyob rau hauv ib xyoos tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ib tus neeg raug tus tsiaj muaj mob tom, ces lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj yog raws li nram no:

  • hnub tua tsiaj;
  • hnub peb;
  • hnub xya.
hma liab
hma liab

Nws raug nquahu kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vwm rau tus neeg uas nws txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo kis tus kabmob no, txhawm rau txhim kho kev tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv raws li cov hauv qab no:

  • hnub hu rau lub koom haum kho mob;
  • hnub xya;
  • hnub peb caug;
  • hauv ib xyoos;
  • ces txhua peb xyoos.

Tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv

Cov tshuaj hauv qab no muaj qhov tsis zoo rau kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:

  • immunomodulators;
  • hormonal, tshwj xeeb yog glucocorticosteroids;
  • chemotherapeutic;
  • siv hauv xov tooj cua.
dev tua tib neeg
dev tua tib neeg

Kev txiav txim siab tshem tawm tsuas yog ua los ntawm tus kws kho mob uas tuaj koom. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tsis kam coj lawv ntawm koj tus kheej. Thaum kho thiab tiv thaiv prophylactic, txwv tsis pub siv lwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lwm qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tsuas yog tso cai ob lub hlis tom qab ua tiav kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob dev vwm.

YContraindications

Tshuaj tiv thaiv, zoo li lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, muaj contraindications rau kev siv:

  • kab mob nyob rau theem mob;
  • mob kis tau thiab tsis kis kab mob;
  • ua xua rau kev qhia txog lwm yam tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob;
  • tus neeg tsis kam lees rau cov khoom xyaw uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv;
  • cev xeeb tub txhua lub sijhawm;
  • ua xua rau tshuaj tua kab mob.

Tag nrho cov contraindications saum toj no yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tsis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum tua los ntawm tus tsiaj txaus ntshai yog fraught nrog kev tuag.

tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob vwm rau tib neeg: kev phiv

Tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj lawv. Qee qhov xwm txheej, kev txhim kho ntawm kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov kab mob ntawm tus neeg muaj peev xwm ua tau nrog intolerance rau tus kheej cov khoom ntawm kev npaj immunobiological. Cov no suav nrog:

  • hyperthermia mus txog ua npaws;
  • o nyob rau hauv qhov chawtxhaj tshuaj;
  • xav;
  • kev qaug zog;
  • mob taub hau;
  • nausea;
  • mob pob qij txha;
  • Quicke's edema;
  • anaphylactic shock.

Thaum ob qhov tsos mob tshwm sim dhau los, koj yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab kho mob tam sim ntawd. Tag nrho lwm cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub cev dhau tom qab 12 lub lis piam. Hmoov tsis zoo, ntau tus neeg raug tsim txom tsis xav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv vim muaj kev phiv. Hauv qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav cawm tau txoj sia thiab nws tsis pom zoo kom tsis kam lees nws.

Pom zoo: