Kev tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev yuav tsum tau ua thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Rau qhov no, siv ntau yam tshuaj. Kev taw qhia yuav tsum tau ua nruj me ntsis los ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb, coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus neeg raug tsim txom. Cov tshuaj twg siv? Kev tiv thaiv yog dab tsi?
Tetanus
Tus kab mob no tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob kab mob. Kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cuag, thaum cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha los ntawm cov tawv nqaij puas. Tus kab mob no txaus ntshai vim nws lub hom phiaj yog lub hauv paus paj hlwb. Nws qhov kev swb yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm qhov hnyav dav dav thiab qhov nruj ntawm cov leeg pob txha.
Kev kho mob tshwm sim yog txuam nrog qhov tseeb tias, nkag mus rau hauv tib neeg lub cev, cov kab mob pib tsim cov tshuaj tetanus. Tetanospasmin, uas yog ib feem ntawm nws, ua rau cov leeg tonic contractions. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub cevtetanohemolysin accumulates, uas ua rau kev puas tsuaj thiab tuag ntawm cov qe ntshav liab (hemolysis). Ib qho kev sib faib tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm impulses tau sau tseg, thiab qhov excitability ntawm lub paj hlwb cortex nce. Yav tom ntej, qhov chaw ua pa cuam tshuam, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
YAnatoxin
Purified thiab adsorbed ntawm aluminium hydroxide gel, tetanus toxoid yog siv los tsim kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws yog siv rau kev npaj thiab kev tiv thaiv xwm txheej ceev.
Tom qab rov zoo, tus neeg mob tsis tau txais kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rov kis mob. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau siv cov tshuaj tetanus toxoid. Outwardly, nws yog yellowish suspension. Thaum lub sij hawm cia, nws muab faib ua ob feem - ib tug ntshiab kua thiab ib tug precipitate. Muaj nyob rau hauv 0.5 ml, uas yog ib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov nyiaj no muaj tetanus toxoid - 10 EU. Nws kuj muaj ib tug sorbent thiab ib tug preservative. Cov kua rau txhaj tshuaj yog nyob rau hauv ampoules ntawm 1 ml.
tiv thaiv xwm txheej
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob, cov tshuaj hauv qab no tau muab tshuaj: tetanus toxoid, tetanus immunoglobulin thiab tetanus toxoid. Kev xaiv ntawm ib lossis lwm yam tshuaj, lawv cov kev sib xyaw ua ke nyob ntawm qhov chaw kho mob. Yog tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv niaj hnub tau raug xa tawm thiab tus neeg muaj ntaub ntawv lees paub qhov tseeb, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau ua. Hla tsuas yog ib qho kawg uas tau teem tsegKev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib qho qhia rau kev qhia txog cov tshuaj toxoid. Yog tias tsis muaj ntau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, tom qab ntawd yuav tsum muaj kev sib xyaw ntawm toxoid thiab immunoglobulin. Serum yog muab rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 5 lub hlis, uas tau npaj prophylaxis tseem tsis tau ua tiav. Qhov teeb meem nyuaj tshaj plaws yog nrog cov poj niam cev xeeb tub. Nyob rau hauv xws li mob, ib qho kev qhia ntawm prophylactic tshuaj nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm cev xeeb tub yog txwv tsis pub, thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob, tsuas yog cov tshuaj yog contraindicated. Tias yog vim li cas kev npaj tiv thaiv kab mob tseem ceeb heev.
Tetanus toxoid feem ntau siv. Txawm hais tias kev qhia yooj yim, nws tsuas yog nkag mus rau hauv cov tsev kawm tshwj xeeb xwb.
Planned Prevention
Tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob loj heev xws li tetanus, pab kev qhia txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua ke, ua raws li kev npaj. Tetanus toxoid yog neutralized co toxins ntawm kab mob tetanus. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua mob rau lub cev, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, lawv pab tsim cov tshuaj los tawm tsam cov tshuaj lom. Kev siv cov tshuaj toxoid yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv.
Tam sim no, tshuaj tiv thaiv DTP yog siv los tiv thaiv niaj hnub - tsis yog tiv thaiv kab mob tetanus nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj yog kab mob pertussis thiab diphtheria.
Tetanus toxoid: cov lus qhia rau kev siv
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog siv niaj hnub thiab intramuscularly, tsis tso cai txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous, vim lawv ua rau muaj cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los txhaj tshuaj rau hauv cov leeg deltoid hauv cov neeg laus thiab mus rau sab nrauv ntawm sab ceg (nruab nrab) hauvcov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 3 xyoos. Cov txheej txheem prophylaxis niaj hnub suav nrog peb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawv tau qhia, saib lub sijhawm ntawm 1.5 lub hlis thiab pib txij li 2 lub hlis ntawm tus menyuam lub neej. Revaccination - ib xyoos tom qab qhov thib peb.
Side effects
Kev txhaj tshuaj feem ntau ua rau muaj kev phiv me me. Qhov no qhia txog qhov tsim nyog ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab yuav dhau mus sai. Txawm li cas los xij, cov niam txiv yuav tsum ceeb toom thiab tiv tauj lawv tus kws kho mob yog tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav heev. Ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv zos yuav tshwm sim - ib qho o me ntsis, hyperemia thiab mob. Tus menyuam muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev tsis qab los noj mov, ntuav, ua npaws thiab raws plab. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov tshuaj antipyretic raug tso cai. Ntawm cov teeb meem, kev tsis haum tshuaj yog qhov txawv. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem yog tias nws tshwm sim nws tus kheej tsuas yog ua pob liab liab. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tus menyuam tau tsim Quincke's edema lossis convulsions, koj yuav tsum hu rau lub tsheb thauj neeg mob tam sim ntawd. Txawm li cas los xij, kev npaj prophylaxis yuav tsum tau saib xyuas los ntawm tus kws kho mob hauv txhua theem. Qhov no yuav zam qhov teeb meem loj. Cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb yuav xyuas kom muaj kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj zoo xws li tetanus toxoid. Nws yuav tsum tau siv nruj me ntsis raws li cov lus qhia.
Kev Tiv Thaiv yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom ua raws li kev npaj. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no pab tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ntawm tetanus, uas suav tias yog kab mob txaus ntshai heev.
