Txhua tus neeg yuav tsum paub tias cov ntaub qhwv ntaub siv li cas. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thov cov ntaub qhwv ib leeg yog qhov yooj yim thiab tsis tas yuav muaj kev txawj tshwj xeeb. Lwm tus tsuas tuaj yeem raug siv los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev cai dav dav ntawm cov txheej txheem no muaj rau peb txhua tus. Cia peb saib lawv.
Txoj cai dav dav rau kev qhwv ntsej muag
Cov ntaub qhwv qhwv yuav tsum tuav ntawm sab tes xis. Qhov kawg ntawm daim ntaub qhwv yog tuav ntawm sab laug tes. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov yob tuaj yeem yob tawm yam tsis muaj teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw.
Thaum siv daim ntaub qhwv, koj yuav tsum siv ob txhais tes. Nrog ib sab tes, lub yob yog dov tawm yam tsis tau rub tawm ntawm lub cev, thiab cov ntaub qhwv nws tus kheej raug kho nrog lwm tus.
Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thov cov ntaub qhwv, hom uas nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, koj yuav tsum tau ntsib tus neeg raug tsim txom. Qhov no yuav cia koj tswj nws tus mob.
Pab saum toj mus rau hauv qab, los ntawm qhov chaw uas lub cheeb ntawm lub cev nto me dua.
Thawj qhov winding yuav tsum tau kho los ntawm kev khoov me ntsis ntawm cov ntaub qhwv hauv qhov chaw uas nws pib. Nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm qhov chaw no, lwm winding yog ua - kho. Txhua qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm cov ntaub qhwv yog ua ib nrab ntawm qhov dhau los.
Thaum cov ntaub qhwv tas lawm, qhov kawg ntawm daim ntaub qhwv yuav tsum tau txiav me ntsis ntev, ua ob ntu. Cesntawm qhov chaw incision, cov ntaub qhwv tau maj mam torn, tsim ob feem ntawm qhov ntev tsis tseem ceeb. Lawv khi ib pob.
Bandages yog siv xoob, uas tso cai rau tsis cuam tshuam cov ntshav ncig. Koj tsis tuaj yeem siv lawv tsis muaj zog, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem swb tawm qhov txhab tau yooj yim.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khaub ncaws kho mob
Nws zoo nkaus li muaj ntau yam ntaub qhwv tuaj yeem txwv tsis pub los ntshav lossis tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob kis mus rau qhov txhab. Qhov tseeb, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws yog kho cov khoom siv rau kev hnav khaub ncaws. Tau txiav txim siab seb hom kab mob twg, nyob ntawm qhov twg ntawm lub cev nws nyob, qee txoj cai thiab txoj hauv kev siv cov ntaub qhwv. Rau cov laj thawj no, kev faib tawm ntawm cov cuab yeej txiav txim siab tau tsim. Yog li, daim ntaub qhwv qhov txawv:
- raws li qhov xav tau (kev ua haujlwm ua los ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws);
- by hom (mechanical zog);
- los ntawm hom khoom siv;
- raws li txoj kev kho cov hnav khaub ncaws.
Thaum pib, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog cov kev faib tawm, thiab tom qab ntawd ua tib zoo kawm cov cai rau kev thov cov ntaub qhwv. Bandages sib txawv. Yog tias txawm tias ib tug tub kawm ntawv muaj peev xwm tiv taus qee qhov kev txwv, ces cov kev txawj ntse ntawm tus kws tshaj lij yuav tsum tau siv rau lwm tus. Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov ntaub qhwv yog nyob ntawm qhov kev raug mob tshwj xeeb hauv ib feem ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Kev cais raws lub hom phiaj
Nyob ntawm seb cov ntaub qhwv kho mob ua haujlwm li cas, lawv paub qhov txawvnws hom hauv qab no:
- tiv thaiv (aseptic) - txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev kis mob ntawm qhov txhab;
- tshuaj - kom nkag mus tau cov tshuaj txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov txhab;
- hemostatic (nias) - nres los ntshav;
- - Immobilizing - kom immobilize ib feem ntawm lub cev (nqua);
- nrog traction - muab traction ntawm cov pob txha tawg;
- kho - tshem tawm deformities;
- occlusive - kaw qhov txhab.
Txhawm rau pab tus neeg thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, koj yuav tsum paub seb cov ntaub qhwv siv li cas. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej no yuav tau tham hauv qab no.
Kev faib tawm los ntawm hom (cov khoom siv tshuab)
hnav khaub ncaws kho mob niaj hnub yog:
- soft - siv dav txaus los kho ntau qhov txhab;
- nyuaj - siv thaum tsim nyog los tsim cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tsis tuaj yeem kho kev raug mob lossis kab mob;
- elastic - ib qho khoom siv tsis tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlab ntsha saphenous, nrog rau cov hlab ntsha txhaws;
- radioactive yog ib qho tshwj xeeb gauze uas muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob zoo li qub.
Cov ntaub qhwv mos thiab tawv yog qhov ntau tshaj.
Kev faib tawm los ntawm hom khoom siv
Nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv kho mob twg yog ua los ntawm, lawv muab faib ua:
- gauze (muaj ntaub qhwv thiab tsis muaj ntaub qhwv);
- npuag (siv khaub ncaws, phuam qhwv caj dab);
- paj rwb gauze(ib daim ntaub paj rwb yog tsim los ntawm ib daim ntaub qhwv thiab ib qho me me ntawm paj rwb);
- gypsum;
- khoom siv los ntawm kev kho mob lossis kev thauj mus los.
Kev hnav khaub ncaws tshwj xeeb feem ntau siv tshuaj. Ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb yog Unna's zinc-gelatin hnav khaub ncaws, uas yog siv los kho cov kab mob ntshiab. Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm nws cov khoom (compression thiab bactericidal), muaj peev xwm txo tau cov kab mob venous, txhim kho cov ntshav venous, muaj osmotic thiab hygroscopic nyhuv ntawm qhov txhab.
Kev faib raws li txoj kev kho cov khaub ncaws
Muab kev hnav khaub ncaws kho mob tuaj yeem txuas mus rau thaj chaw muaj teeb meem, cov khoom siv hauv qab no yog qhov txawv:
1. Bandage dawb:
- adhesive - siv rau kev raug mob me, siv rau thaj tsam ntawm lub qhov txhab, kho ntawm hnav khaub ncaws nrog cov nplaum tshwj xeeb (collodion, cleol, cov ntaub ntawv yas, BF-6 kua nplaum);
- nplaum plasters - siv thaum nws tsim nyog los qhwv cov qhov txhab me me los yog mob purulent formations;
- kerchiefs - siv thaum xav tau kev pab thawj zaug, nws muaj peev xwm siv tau rau hauv cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb, feem ntau cov ntaub qhwv no ua tiav los tsim kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam ib ntus, muab tso rau ntawm daim ntaub thaiv tiv thaiv;
- sling-zoo li - lawv yog ib daim ntaub ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, txiav longitudinally ntawm qhov kawg, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm uas muaj ib tug uncutting cov khoom (ib tug dav bandage yuav siv tau), siv rau protruding qhov chaw ntawm lub cev (lub taub hau., puab,rov qab ntawm lub taub hau, qhov ntswg), uas ib txwm kho cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsis tuav thiab los ntawm cov ntaub qhwv ntaub qhwv plam;
- T-zoo li tus - yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm hnav cov qhov txhab lossis cov chaw hauv thaj chaw perineal uas pom muaj cov txheej txheem inflammatory;
- tubular elastic bandage - siv thaum tsim nyog los kho qhov hnav khaub ncaws ntawm qhov txhab ntawm txhua qhov ntawm lub cev.
2. Bandage - cov ntaub qhwv mos uas ua los ntawm cov ntaub qhwv. Lawv siv rau hauv orthopedics thaum cov pob txha thiab cov ntaub so ntswg puas, nrog kub hnyiab, frostbite, hauv traumatology.
Soft bandages
Cov kev cai yooj yim rau cov ntaub qhwv ntsej muag:
- kaw qhov mob ntawm lub cev;
- kev yooj yim;
- nws yuav tsum tsis txhob txiav tawm;
- kev zoo;
- nws yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam cov qog ntshav ncig.
Tam sim no, cov kws kho mob paub qhov txawv ntawm cov hauv qab no cov ntaub qhwv mos:
- voj voog (lub voj voog) - ob qho tib si pib thiab ua tiav cov ntaub qhwv nrog lawv, yooj yim rau cov qhov txhab me me nyob rau ntawm phalanges ntawm cov ntiv tes, hauv thaj tsam pem hauv ntej, hauv qab peb ntawm sab ceg, ntawm dab teg, hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xub pwg nyom;
- kav - hom ntaub qhwv no yog ua rau ntawm caj npab, plab, hauv siab;
- creeping (serpentine) - siv thaum muaj qhov xav tau kom ruaj ntseg fasten paj rwb-gauze pads, nrog rau thaum lub sij hawm plastering;
- cruciform (yim-puab) - siv rau overlay hauv siab, nraub qaum, caj dab;
- vaub kib (kev sib cog lus,divergent) - cov no yog cov ntaub qhwv rau cov pob qij txha (lub hauv caug, lub luj tshib), uas yog ib qho txawv ntawm cruciform (yim-zoo li tus) bandages;
- spike-shaped - siv rau lub xub pwg sib koom ua ke thaum nws kuaj pom kab mob;
- rov - siv thaum qhwv lub taub hau, ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg phalanges ntawm tus ntiv tes.
- Deso hnav khaub ncaws - yog siv thaum muaj pob txha me me ntawm pob txha caj dab thiab humerus, yog siv los kho lub xub pwg nyom, cov hnav ris tsho no yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum koj xav kho caj npab thiab pob txha tom qab kev phais;
- txhawb nqa (rau lub caj pas mammary) - yuam yog thaj tsam ntawm lub caj pas mammary raug kub hnyiab, raug mob, mob, phais.
Cov ntaub qhwv mos rau lub cev tshwj xeeb
Cov ntaub qhwv hauv qab no yog siv rau lub taub hau:
- rov qab (Hippocratic lub kaus mom, nws yog siv nrog ob daim ntaub qhwv los yog ob lub taub hau qhwv);
- sling-shaped (yog tias muaj kev raug mob me me rau lub puab tsaig, sab xub ntiag, qhov ntswg, qhov parietal, thaj tsam ntawm lub cev thiab sab occipital);
- bridle (txhawb lub puab tsaig sab hauv);
- "cap" (cov ntaub qhwv zoo tshaj plaws rau lub taub hau).
Cov ntaub qhwv caj dab tuaj yeem yog hom hauv qab no:
- adhesive (pab txhim kho kev hnav khaub ncaws);
- cruciform (rau thaj chaw ntawm kev raug mob tsim nyob rau hauv lub cev sab sauv);
- circular (rau qhwv lub puab tsaig qis - xws li cov ntaub qhwv hloov mus ua hom cruciform nyob rau sab nraub qaum).
Cov ntaub qhwv ib ncig ntawm caj dab yuav tsum xyuas kom meej qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Nws yuav tsum tuav cov khoom hnav kom ruaj khov. Cov ntaub qhwv zoo li no yuav tsum tsis txhob plam ntawm caj dab, nyem nws.
Cov ntaub qhwv hauv qab no yog siv rau hauv siab:
- kauv (siv thaum lub hauv siab raug mob, tav tawg, hauv cov txheej txheem inflammatory);
- cruciform (rau overlaying ntawm lub hauv siab rov qab thiab pem hauv ntej);
- txhawb nqa (ntawm ib lossis ob lub qog mammary);
- spike-shaped (superimposed ntawm lub plab mog thaum lub plab plab puas los yog bedsores tsim nyob rau hauv lub sacrum, nrog kev puas tsuaj rau lub puab tais los yog perineum);
- T-puab (siv rau cov ntaub qhwv hauv thaj chaw crotch).
Cov khaub ncaws hauv qab no yog muab rau cov ceg tawv:
- rov qab (siv thaum qhov chaw nruab nrab lossis nruab nrab phalanx ntawm tus ntiv tes puas);
- spike-puab (rau kev qhwv tus ntiv tes xoo, lub xub pwg leeg);
- " hnab looj tes" (tes qhwv, thaum siv, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv ib tug ntiv tes);
- "miv";
- kauv (siv rau thaj tsam forearm);
- vaub kib (rau lub luj tshib pob qij txha);
- Dezo bandage (siv thaum muaj pob txha caj dab tawg).
Cov khaub ncaws hauv qab no yog muab rau cov ceg qis:
- rov qab (rau kev qhwv tus ntiv taw);
- spiral (rau overlaying ntawm thawj tus ntiv taw);
- xwb(tso cai rau koj los qhwv ko taw, thaum ntiv tes qhib);
- vaub kib (siv hauv pob taws thiab hauv caug);
- kauv (siv hauv thaj chaw ci ntsa iab, tej zaum nrog kink ntawm tus ncej puab).
Thaum xav tau kev pab thawj zaug, siv cov phuam qhwv caj dab. Lawv yooj yim rau kev thov thiab tsis tas yuav muaj kev txawj tshwj xeeb. Cov phuam qhwv caj dab, cov ntaub ntawm cov ntaub, cov ntawv ua raws li cov khoom siv improvised.
kho tus kheej daim ntaub qhwv
Thaum muaj qhov yuav tsum tau siv cov ntaub qhwv lub siab lossis lwm yam cuab yeej siv rau kev txav mus los thiab hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kho mob edema lossis sprains, daim ntaub qhwv tus kheej los rau kev cawm. Nws kuj tuaj yeem siv los kho tsis tau tsuas yog hnav khaub ncaws, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv kho mob. Cov ntaub qhwv no yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo thaum koj xav tau muab kev ruaj ntseg compression yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv rau ob peb teev.
Kev kho tus kheej daim ntaub qhwv yog siv hauv phlebology, orthopedics, traumatology.
Tau kawg, daim ntaub qhwv tus kheej yog ib qho khoom siv kho mob nkaus xwb. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg uas ua si kis las. Ua tsaug rau kev kho ntawm qee qhov chaw ntawm lub cev nrog cov ntaub qhwv zoo li no, nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tus neeg ncaws pob los ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab kev txav chaw.
Saline hnav khaub ncaws
Txawm tias cov ntaub qhwv no tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas zoo thiab zoo, lawv tsis haum rau txhua qhov kev kuaj mob.
Hnub no zoo li noKev hnav khaub ncaws tuaj yeem kho tau cov kab mob somatic, kub hnyiab qis, mob plab hnyuv, hemorrhages nrog hematomas, festering qhov txhab. Thaum txiav txim siab los siv cov tshuaj ntsev, koj yuav tsum paub tias:
- ntsev ntau dua 10% tsis tuaj yeem lees txais rau kev qhwv;
- cov khoom ua pa yuav tsum siv rau hnav;
- hnav khaub ncaws zoo li no yog contraindicated rau cov neeg muaj kab mob ntawm lub plawv;
- Saline hnav khaub ncaws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau cov neeg muaj mob raum.
Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sau ntawv siv cov khaub ncaws zoo li no ntawm koj tus kheej. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum tsuas yog kws kho mob sau.
Yuav ua li cas siv cov ntaub qhwv sib txawv?
Tam sim no cia peb ua tib zoo saib cov txheej txheem xws li ntaub qhwv. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej no ntawm ntau hom thiab ntau hom yog qhov zoo sib xws. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov kev xaiv uas txawv txawv ntawm txhua tus.
Cia peb ua tib zoo saib rau cov kev xaiv tseem ceeb rau kev thov cov ntaub qhwv ntsej muag.
Txoj Cai rau kev thov cov ntaub qhwv ncig:
- thawj puag ncig yog qhov txhab ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 30 ° mus rau qhov chaw ntawm lub cev uas siv cov ntaub qhwv;
- koj yuav tsum tau ua kom paub tseeb tias qhov kawg ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov ntaub qhwv mus txog 5-10 cm dhau ntawm lub cev uas siv cov ntaub qhwv;
- thaum thawj puag ncig yog qhov txhab, qhov kawg ntawm daim ntaub qhwv yog muab qhwv, tom qab ntawd nws tau kho nrog cov khoom siv tom qab siv hauv cov ntaub qhwv;
- kom tsis txhob muaj ntaub qhwv tawm,txhua qhov tshiab sib tshooj nruj dua li qhov dhau los;
- txhua lub taub hau tshiab puag ncig yuav tsum npog cov yav dhau los.
Helical dressing rules:
- kev tso cai pib nrog daim ntaub qhwv ncig (me ntsis ntawm qhov chaw raug mob);
- yog siv cov ntaub qhwv qhwv uas tsis muaj kinks (ntawm lub xub pwg nyom, ncej puab, hauv siab), siv cov ntaub qhwv elastic;
- yog siv cov ntaub qhwv qhwv nrog kinks (pem hauv ntej, sab ceg), ces lawv tau tsim tshwj xeeb hauv ib kab, sim siv cov ntaub qhwv tawm ntawm qhov chaw puas;
- yog tias, thaum siv cov ntaub qhwv qhwv uas tsis muaj kinks, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav kev ua tiav tag nrho nrog lub dav hlau ntawm daim ntaub qhwv ntsej nrog lub ntsej muag ntawm lub cev, ob peb kinks yuav tsum tau ua nrog kev hloov pauv ntxiv mus rau ib qho. kauv ntaub qhwv tsis muaj kinks.
Txoj cai rau kev thov cov ntaub qhwv ntsej muag:
- daim ntawv thov pib nrog daim ntaub qhwv ncig, tom qab ntawd txhua qhov txuas ntxiv tau txav mus rau qhov sib thooj;
- koj yuav tsum tawm qhov khoob khoob sib npaug ntawm qhov dav ntawm daim ntaub qhwv ntawm txhua qhov tshiab.
Txoj cai rau kev thov daim ntaub qhwv ntsej muag:
- pab ntaub qhwv lub voj voog;
- Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tshiab yog hla thiab hloov pauv nrog cov ntaub qhwv lub voj voog, thaum cov ntaub qhwv nyob thiab nrog lub voj voog tshiab txav mus rau qhov sib thooj ntawm thawj daim ntaub qhwv ncig.
Spike bandage txheej txheem:
- pib nrog daim ntaub qhwv ncig hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub xub pwg nyom(qhov no yuav kho thawj zaug ntawm daim ntaub qhwv);
- ces lawv muab ntaub qhwv, txav los ntawm tus mob ko taw mus rau thaj tsam ntawm lub xub pwg ob leeg, los ntawm nws mus rau lub xub pwg nyom, tom qab ntawd raws li lub hauv siab mus rau thaj tsam axillary los ntawm sab nraud thiab rov qab mus rau lub xub pwg. mob lub xub pwg nyom thiab lub xub pwg nyom;
- Txhua qhov txuas ntxiv, hla lub hauv siab thiab lub xub pwg nyom, yog nqa tawm nrog kev nce siab ntawm ½ lub log tsheb.
Txoj cai hnav khaub ncaws rov qab:
- pib los ntawm kev siv daim ntaub qhwv lub voj voog rau ntawm ceg;
- ib khoov yog ua rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus ncej;
- dhau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov pob zeb ua rau kev ncig ntsug ntawm cov ntaub qhwv rau nws nraub qaum;
- txhua puag ncig uas rov qab los yog kho los ntawm ib puag ncig;
- Txhua qhov kev ncig tshiab ntsug yog hloov mus rau sab nraud thiab tom qab ntawd sab hauv ntawm cov ceg pob txha raug mob;
- txhua qhov kev ncig xyuas ntxiv tau kho nrog cov ntaub qhwv kauv.
Plaster bandages: hom thiab txheej txheej txheej txheej
Yog tias ib tug neeg tau siv cov ntaub qhwv ua ntej, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov cuab yeej no yuav tsis yog qhov tshiab. Tab sis, feem ntau yuav, kuv yuav tsum tau nrog cov ntaub qhwv ntsej muag muag. Qhov tseeb yog tias txawm ib tug tub kawm ntawv tuaj yeem tiv nrog lawv. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj hom ntaub qhwv hnyav dua, daim ntawv thov uas yuav tsum tau ntseeg los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij xwb.
Ua ntej koj kawm cov kev cai yooj yim rau kev thov cov ntaub qhwv plaster, nws raug nquahu kom paub koj tus kheej nrog cov khoom siv uas twb muaj lawm.
Kplaster cam khwb cia muaj xws li:
- voj voog thawj dissected (tom qab nws hardens, nws yog tam sim ntawd txiav longitudinally);
- fenestrated (nyob rau hauv ib daim ntaub qhwv ncig, ib lub qhov yog ua rau thaj tsam uas raug kho);
- bridge-puab (tsim tsis yog fenestrated nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thaum xav tau kev nkag mus rau thaj tsam puas);
- pob khawm-gypsum (ua los ntawm ob lub voj voog sib txuas, hauv thaj chaw sib koom ua ke lawv tau nrawm nrog cov pob khawm txav tau);
- staged (siv thaum nws tsim nyog los kho cov mob arthrogenic tsis tu ncua).
Cov cai yooj yim rau kev siv cov plaster casts:
- nco ntsoov xyuas kom muaj txhua yam cuab yeej thiab cov khoom siv uas yuav xav tau;
- tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub qhwv zoo rau kev siv lub plaster cam;
- kho kom zoo ntawm qhov kev raug mob ntawm txhais ceg tsuas yog ua tau yog tias tsawg kawg yog ob lub pob qij txha uas nyob ib sab ntawm qhov raug mob yog immobilized;
- nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev kho tus ceg, nws tau muab txoj haujlwm zoo (raws li kev ua haujlwm);
- Kev hnav khaub ncaws yuav tsum xis nyob thiab tsis cuam tshuam kev mus rau chav dej;
- txhawm rau tswj lub xeev ntawm cov ntshav, lub davhlau ya nyob twg ntawm cov ntiv tes thiab cov ntiv taw tau qhib;
- thaum siv daim ntaub qhwv, tag nrho cov kab ntawm plaster raug tshem tawm ntawm lub cev kom tswj tau qhov mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij;
- nruab nrab ntawm daim ntaub qhwv thiab daim tawv nqaij (hauv lawv qhov chaw hnyav) muab cov ntaub qhwv ntsej muag uas tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm kev raug mob;
- qhwv ib ncig ntawm ntug yuav tsum tsis txhob ntse;
- gypsum longuetayuav tsum du, tsis roughness (creases raug tshem tawm ua ntej overlay);
- qhwv nrog cov ntaub qhwv plaster yog ua tiav yam tsis muaj qhov nro, zam kev tsim ntawm kinks thiab folds, cov kev ncig xyuas tau sib tshooj (raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub qhwv ntsej muag);
- thaum siv daim ntaub qhwv, tus ceg ceg tuav tsis yog ntiv tes, tab sis nrog txhuam tag nrho, uas tsis txhob muaj cov cim kos;
- Cov cam khwb cia yog hloov ua ntej lub cam khwb cia hardens.
Txhua cov cam khwb cia plaster yuav tsum raug cim. Qhia txog tus qauv ntawm cov pob txha puas, hnub raug mob, hnub muab cam khwb cia, thiab hnub cov ntaub qhwv yuav tsum muab tshem tawm.
