Radiocontrast agents yog cov kev npaj uas txawv ntawm lawv lub peev xwm nqus X-rays los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg lom. Lawv tau siv los ua kom pom cov qauv ntawm cov kabmob thiab cov tshuab uas tsis kuaj pom lossis kuaj tsis zoo los ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob, CT thiab fluoroscopy.
Lub ntsiab ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb no
Ib yam tsim nyog rau kev kuaj hluav taws xob ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov kab mob hauv nruab nrog cev yog qhov muaj qhov txaus ntawm cov tshuaj radiopaque hauv cov kabmob thiab cov kab ke. Txoj kev hla ntawm cov hluav taws xob los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev yog nrog los ntawm kev nqus ntawm ib lossis lwm qhov ntawm cov hluav taws xob.
Yog tias qib X-ray nqus los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev yog tib yam, ces cov duab kuj yuav zoo ib yam, uas yog, tsis muaj qauv. Nrog cov pa fluoroscopy thiab radiography, cov txheej txheem ntawm cov pob txha thiab hlau txawv teb chaws lub cev yog pom. Cov pob txha, vim lawv cov phosphoric acid cov ntsiab lus, nqus rays ntau zog thiab yog li ntawd tshwm denser (tsaus rau ntawm lub vijtsam) dua li cov leeg nqaij, cov hlab ntsha, ligaments, thiab lwm yam.
Lub ntsws thaum nqus tau, nyob rau hauv uas muaj huab cua ntau, tsis muaj zog nqus X-rays thiab, yog li ntawd, tsis muaj suab nrov hauv daim duab dua li cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub cev thiab cov hlab ntsha.
Cov kab mob hauv plab hnyuv, cov hlab ntsha, cov leeg thiab cov nqaij mos ntawm ntau lub cev nqus tau hluav taws xob yuav luag sib npaug. Kev siv qee cov neeg ua haujlwm sib txawv hloov qhov nqus ntawm X-rays los ntawm lub cev thiab lub cev, uas yog, nws tuaj yeem ua rau pom thaum kuaj.
Cov kev xav tau yooj yim
Radiocontrast tus neeg sawv cev yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai hauv qab no:
- tsis muaj kev phom sij, uas yog, tsis muaj tshuaj lom (yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim hauv zos thiab dav dav raws li kev qhia txog kev sib piv);
- isotonicity nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov kua xov xwm uas lawv yuav tsum sib tov zoo, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lawv nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha;
- yooj yim thiab ua tiav tshem tawm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv ntawm lub cev tsis hloov;
- lub peev xwm, yog tias tsim nyog, qee qhov sib sau, thiab tom qab ntawd raug tshem tawm hauv lub sijhawm luv luv los ntawm qee lub cev thiab lub cev;
- txheeb ze yooj yim ntawm kev tsim khoom, khaws cia thiab siv hauv kev tshawb fawb kho mob.
Nyob ntawm radiopaque compounds
Cov khoom muaj peev xwm tsim cov duab sib piv ntawm lub xov tooj cua tau muab faib ua ob peb hom:
- Cov tshuaj uas muaj atomic loj - gaseous tshuaj uas txo qhov nqus ntawm x-rays. Lawv feem ntau yog qhia los txiav tximcontouring anatomical structures rau hauv lub cev hollow los yog lub cev kab noj hniav.
- Cov khoom muaj qhov hnyav atomic - cov khoom sib txuas uas nqus X-rays. Nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov tshuaj radiopaque tau muab faib ua iodine-muaj thiab iodine-dawb npaj.
Cov nram qab no tsis tshua muaj atomic hnyav radiopaque cov neeg ua haujlwm yog siv hauv kev xyaum kho tsiaj: nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen thiab chav cua.
Contraindications rau qhov sib txawv li qub
hom kev kawm no tsis pom zoo rau cov neeg uas muaj iodine intolerance, yav dhau los kuaj lub raum tsis ua haujlwm, ntshav qab zib mellitus lossis thyrotoxicosis. X-ray qhov sib piv ntawm kev kuaj mob plab yog txwv tsis pub yog tias tus neeg mob muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm perforation. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias dawb barium yog ib qho active irritant rau lub peritoneal kab mob, thaum dej-soluble sib piv yog tsawg irritating.
Cov txheeb ze contraindications rau kev kawm siv tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv yog kab mob siab thiab raum mob, mob ntsws thiab ua xua.
Txoj Kev X-ray sib piv kev tshawb fawb
Kev kuaj kab mob radiocontrast tuaj yeem ua qhov zoo, tsis zoo thiab ob npaug. Cov kev tshawb fawb zoo koom nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm lub siab atomic mass X-ray zoo sib xws tus neeg saib xyuas, thaum cov kev tshawb fawb tsis zoo koom nrog kev siv cov tsis zoo atomic mass contrast agent.pawg. Kev kuaj mob dual tau ua tiav nrog kev qhia cov tshuaj zoo thiab tsis zoo tib lub sijhawm.
Kev sib piv ntawm tus neeg sawv cev sib txawv
Hnub no muaj cov tshuaj radiopaque xws li:
- dej sib tov raws li barium sulfate (activators - tannin, sorbitol, gelatin, sodium citrate);
- cov tshuaj muaj iodine (iodized roj, gases).
Rau kev kuaj mob, cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb yog siv uas muaj polarized atoms nrog cov khoom muaj zog ntxiv. Cov tshuaj no tau muab tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha.
Npaj rau kev kawm
Kev tshawb fawb thaj chaw xws li pob txha taub hau, hlwb, paranasal sinuses, lub cev nqaij daim tawv thiab lub hauv siab hauv siab tsis tas yuav npaj tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg mob rau X-rays. Ua ntej txhaj tshuaj radiopaque rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov pob txha thiab cov pob qij txha, cov kab mob ntawm lub plab me me thiab lub plab kab noj hniav, ob lub raum, pancreas, vertebrae thiab intervertebral discs, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los npaj ib tus neeg.
Tus neeg mob yuav tsum ceeb toom rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob txog kev mob yav dhau los, kev cuam tshuam kev phais tsis ntev los no, thiab muaj lub cev txawv teb chaws hauv cheeb tsam kawm. Ua ntej hnub ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj radiopaque, nws raug nquahu kom cov neeg mob txwv lawv tus kheej rau noj tshais. Rau cem quav, nws tsim nyog noj cov tshuaj laxative hnub ua ntej, piv txwv li, Regulax lossis Senade.
theem ntawm X-ray lees paub
kev kuaj X-ray yog ua nyob rau hauv cov chav tshwj xeeb hauv cov chaw kho mob lossis cov chaw kuaj mob. Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov duab, uas yog, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev kuaj xyuas, siv lub cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Kev tshawb fawb X-ray pib nrog kev txheeb xyuas qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cheeb tsam hauv kev kawm. Cov theem tom ntej yog qhov sib txawv polypositional kev kawm, uas yog, kev sib xyaw ntawm radiography thiab fluoroscopy. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub cev thiab cov ntaub so ntswg yog qhov kev kuaj mob ntawm qhov pom ntawm qhov sib txawv.
Txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj radiopaque yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev qhia nruj ntawm tus kws kho mob tuaj koom. Ua ntej tus txheej txheem, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho mob yuav tsum piav qhia rau tus neeg mob lub hom phiaj ntawm kev kuaj mob thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev kawm.
Cov khoom siv kho mob rau kev qhia txog cov tshuaj radiopaque suav nrog:
- cov khoom siv hauv lub cev sib txawv;
- koob txhaj tshuaj thiab ntim rau cov tshuaj radiopaque.
Lub ntim ntawm cov koob txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem muaj li ntawm 50 txog 200 ml. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, ib txheej rau kev taw qhia txog qhov sib piv ua ntej kev kuaj mob raug xaiv tus kheej. Cov koob txhaj tshuaj zoo sib xws yuav tsum tau ua tiav nrog lub tshuab txhaj tshuaj pib.
