Carcinoid ntawm lub plab: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, prognosis

Cov txheej txheem:

Carcinoid ntawm lub plab: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, prognosis
Carcinoid ntawm lub plab: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, prognosis

Video: Carcinoid ntawm lub plab: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, prognosis

Video: Carcinoid ntawm lub plab: cov tsos mob, kev kho mob, prognosis
Video: Nationwide News | 10th July 2023 | NTA 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Txhua xyoo cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav ntawm cov pejxeem tau nce zuj zus. Txhua xyoo, lub ntiaj teb poob txog yim lab tib neeg txoj sia.

Piv txwv li, gastric carcinoid (kev tsim kab mob, feem ntau ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo, tab sis muaj peev xwm ntawm metastasizing) yog qhov tsawg heev, tab sis nyob rau tsib xyoos dhau los, cov kws kho mob tau sau ntau thiab ntau tus neeg ntawm tus kab mob no.

Kev piav qhia

Carcinoid qog yog tsim los ntawm cov kab mob neuroendocrine. Nws muaj cov hlwb mutated ntawm diffuse endocrine system.

Cov qog ua rau ntawm lub plab mucosa thiab pib kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg lom neeg (cov kab mob sib kis - prostaglandins, kinins, kallikrein). Cov tshuaj no ua rau cov tsos mob tsis zoo. Qhov ntau active cov qog synthesizes lawv, ntau pronounced tus kab mob.

tus qog no aggressive npaum li cas?

Nws tsis tuaj yeem teb lo lus nug no kom meej, vim tias gastric carcinoid tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav lossis qib siab ntawm qhov tsis zoo.

Mob plab carcinoid
Mob plab carcinoid

hom kev tsim

Cov kab mob Carcinoid tuaj yeem sib txawvlos ntawm ib leeg los ntawm qib ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg sib txawv. Qhov siab dua, qhov tsawg malignancy ntawm cov txheej txheem. Muaj ntau ntau yam:

  1. thawj hom yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qib siab ntawm kev sib txawv ntawm tes. Kev kawm ntawv yog ib tug qog nyob rau hauv lub plab ntawm ib tug benign xwm. Nws suav txog 70% ntawm tag nrho cov carcinoid formations. Pathology tsim los ntawm ib tug kab mob nyob rau hauv uas synthesis ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas rhuav tshem parietal hlwb tshwm sim. Sab nraud, cov qog yog ib pawg ntawm ob peb lub me me tubercles ntawm lub plab mucosa. Muaj tsawg zaus, lawv tuaj yeem loj hlob mus rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg. Qee lub sij hawm nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom nruab nrog cev (piv txwv li, lub siab) ua tau.
  2. Hom thib ob yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qib siab ntawm kev sib txawv thiab qib qis ntawm kev ua phem. Hom thib ob suav txog li 8% ntawm tag nrho cov qog nqaij hlav hauv plab. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm endocrine neoplasia. Outwardly, nws zoo li ib pawg ntawm me me foci ntawm o protruding saum phab ntsa ntawm lub plab. Feem ntau koj tuaj yeem pom tias tib lub sijhawm xws li tsim tshwm sim hauv ntau cov qog (thyroid, qog adrenal, thiab lwm yam).
  3. Hom thib peb yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qib qis ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab qib siab ntawm kev ua phem. Lub npe thib ob rau cov kab mob no yog kab mob plab carcinoid. Qhov zaus ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm txhua hom qog nqaij hlav yog kwv yees li 20%. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, 80% ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv cov txiv neej feem ntawm cov neeg mob. Sab nraud, cov qog yog ib qho tsim txog li 3 cm hauv qhov loj. Tsis muaj cov tsos mob ntawm lub plab mucosa.
Gastric carcinoid hauv qabmicroscope
Gastric carcinoid hauv qabmicroscope

Symptoms

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob no yooj yim tsis meej pem nrog cov kab mob gastritis lossis mob plab. Yog li ntawd, tus kab mob no yuav mus tsis tau paub ntev.

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob muaj raws li hauv qab no:

  • mob plab plab.
  • Nco ntsoov tias lub plab puv. Qhov kev xav no tsis ploj mus txawm tias tus neeg tshaib plab.
  • Zoo thiab ntuav.
  • quav quav: raws plab hloov nrog cem quav.
  • Thaum tus kab mob no zuj zus tuaj, muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ntawm lub plab lossis cov hnyuv, nrog rau cov los ntshav sab hauv, uas yog cov tsos mob ntawm cov quav dub thiab ntuav nrog ntshav.
  • Lub ntsiab lus ntawm gastric carcinoid yog myocardial puas.
  • Qee zaum ua tsis taus pa thiab liab ntawm daim tawv nqaij (tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv roj tsim tawm).
  • Muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov kab mob carcinoid, ib tus kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov serotonin ntau dhau.

Yog tias pom tsawg kawg ib qho ntawm cov tsos mob saum toj no, koj yuav tsum nrhiav kev pab tam sim ntawm tus kws kho mob tshwj xeeb (tus kws kho mob lossis tus kws kho mob plab), leej twg yuav mloog cov lus tsis txaus siab, ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kom raug thiab sau cov kev kuaj xyuas tsim nyog.

Xav tias xeev siab
Xav tias xeev siab

Diagnosis

Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws hauv kev kho tus kab mob kom zoo yog nws qhov kev kuaj mob lig. Qhov tseeb yog tias pathology yog qhov tsawg heev, thiab nws cov tsos mob me me. Yog li, kwv yees li 1/4 ntawm kev kuaj mobmuab tso rau hauv postmortem los yog thaum lub sij hawm histological tsom xam ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thaum lub sij hawm phais rau lwm yam laj thawj (piv txwv li, thaum tshem tawm appendicitis).

Txhua txoj kev kuaj mob tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg loj:

  1. Kev kuaj ntshav kom nce qib plasma chromagranin A qib.
  2. Urine serotonin test.
  3. Instrumental method of exam.

Chromagranin A ntshav kuaj

Chromagranin A yog ib yam khoom ntawm polypeptide xwm, uas yog ib qho tsis tshwj xeeb oncological marker rau malignant neoplasms nyob rau hauv lub plab zom mov thiab kab mob ntawm lub endocrine system.

Cov khoom siv biomaterial yog ntshav los ntawm cov hlab ntsha, uas tau coj los ntawm tus neeg mob thaum sawv ntxov, ntawm lub plab khoob, hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 5-10 ml. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas yuav siv sijhawm tsis tshaj plaub hnub.

Nquag, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov protein no yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 10 nmol / liter. Yog tias cov txiaj ntsig no siab dua, qhov no tso cai rau peb xav tias kev txhim kho ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological hauv lub plab zom mov lossis cov qog endocrine.

Txoj kev no muaj feem cuam tshuam thaum kuaj mob, ntsuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev kho mob, tswj qhov tshwm sim ntawm rov tshwm sim thiab kis ntawm metastases. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev sim siab ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem ua rau qhov tseeb qhov tseeb tias tus neeg mob muaj gastric carcinoid. Txoj kev kuaj mob no tsuas yog siv ua ke nrog lwm cov kev xaiv los txiav txim qhov tseeb.

Txoj kev no yog qhov yooj yim tshaj ntawm tag nrho lwm cov txheej txheem kuaj mob. Yog li ntawd, ntau tus xav paub qhov twg yuav xeem rauqog markers? Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv ib qho chaw sim ntiag tug.

Ntshav kuaj
Ntshav kuaj

Urine serotonin test

Serotonin yog ib yam tshuaj, theem uas nyob rau hauv cov zis los yog cov ntshav ncaj qha qhia txog lub xeev ntawm lub cev tag nrho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kab mob ntawm lub plab hnyuv ib ntsuj av. Nws cov nyiaj nyob rau hauv cov zis qhia txog tus nqi ntawm monoamines uas yog synthesized los ntawm cov hlwb ntawm lub plab mucosa. Vim li no, qib siab ntawm cov tshuaj no hauv cov xov xwm lom neeg ua rau nws muaj peev xwm xav tias muaj cov txheej txheem oncological hauv tus neeg mob hauv plab.

Cov khoom siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas yog zis txhua hnub. Cov txiaj ntsig ib txwm muaj yog 3-15 mg / hnub. Lub sijhawm ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas yog los ntawm 1 txog 5 hnub.

Hardware xeem method

  • Gastroscopy. Ib txoj hauv kev uas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab txog cov kab mob pathological hauv lub plab. Thawj ob hom carcinoid zoo li ntau qhov me me daj, thiab hom 3 qog zoo li ib leeg loj polyps.
  • YEndoscopic Ultrasound. Txoj kev kuaj mob no tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab qhov tob ntawm kev nkag mus ntawm cov qog rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm lub plab, nrog rau kev txiav txim siab seb cov qog ntshav hauv cheeb tsam thiab nyob deb puas cuam tshuam.
Neoplasms hauv plab
Neoplasms hauv plab
  • CT (xws li tomography). Qhov no yog hom tshwj xeeb ntawm kev kuaj hluav taws xob uas muab cov duab pom tseeb ntawm cov kab mob pathological. Tus kws kho mob tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov loj ntawm cov qog thiab nws thaj tsam. Ua ntej tus txheej txheem, tus neeg mob yuav tsum haus 200-400 ml ntawm qhov sib pivtshuaj. Qee lub sij hawm nws tau muab tso rau hauv cov hlab ntsha. Qhov no yuav pab piav qhia lub plab kom qee qhov ntawm cov kabmob hauv nruab nrog cev tsis yuam kev rau kev tsim txawv teb chaws. Lub sijhawm ntawm qhov kev xeem tsis pub dhau ib nrab teev. Thov nco ntsoov tias qee tus neeg tuaj yeem tsim kev tsis haum rau cov khoom sib txawv. Qhov no feem ntau manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pob liab liab thiab khaus ntawm daim tawv nqaij, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv hnyav dua nws yuav ua tsis taus pa. Lwm qhov kev mob tshwm sim yog kev hnov mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag. Qhov no feem ntau daws tau hauv 1-2 hnub tom qab CT scan.
  • MRI. Tam sim no, magnetic resonance imaging yog txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj mob ntau yam kab mob, raws li nws muab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tshaj plaws txog cov kab mob pathological. Ua tsaug rau MRI, tus kws kho mob tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog qhov loj thiab thaj tsam ntawm cov qog, tab sis kuj hais txog nws cov yam ntxwv. Qee zaum, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem xav tau, tab sis feem ntau cov txheej txheem ua tsis tau nws. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub sij hawm, nws yuav siv sij hawm txog 1 teev, thiab tag nrho cov sij hawm no tus neeg mob raug yuam kom pw nyob rau hauv ib tug nqaim yeeb nkab, nyob rau hauv lub suab ntawm lub apparatus. Rau qee tus neeg, qhov no nyuaj rau lub hlwb. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg uas ntshai qhov chaw kaw.
  • CT, MRI thiab pob txha scintigraphy tuaj yeem ua kom pom qhov kis tau ntawm metastases. Skeletal pob txha scintigraphy yog ib txoj kev kuaj mob uas cov pob txha rov ua dua thiab cov duab raug xa mus rau lub computer saib. Yav dhau los, tus neeg mob tau txais kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm cov tshuaj radioactive tshuaj, uasyuav stain cov pob txha nyob rau hauv lub resulting dluab.
Skeletal pob txha scintigraphy
Skeletal pob txha scintigraphy

Kev kho mob: txoj kev phais

Txoj kev kho mob ncaj qha nyob ntawm seb hom qog nws tus kheej, nrog rau kev tsis saib xyuas ntawm cov txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej pib kho tus kab mob no, cov kws kho mob yuav tsum tau kawm cov kev kawm kom ntxaws thiab ua kom paub qhov tseeb.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev phais kom tshem tawm qhov chaw cuam tshuam (hemicolectomy) tsuas yog kev kho mob rau cov qog nqaij hlav carcinoid xwb. Tsuas yog tshem tawm ib feem ntawm lub plab tuaj yeem ua rau tus neeg mob muaj txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws.

kev kho mob carcinoid

Nyob rau hauv hom 1, kev kho mob tactics nyob ntawm theem ntawm tus txheej txheem:

  1. Yog tias tsuas muaj ob peb lub qog me me xwb, ces laparoscopy yog qhia, uas cov qog thiab ib qho me me ntawm cov mucous membrane yog excised.
  2. Yog tias pom 3-6 polyps, ces endoscopic tshem tawm ntawm neoplasms yog sau.
  3. Yog tias muaj ntau tshaj rau ntawm lawv, raws li txoj cai, kev phais plab yog ua. Cov lus teb los ntawm oncologists thiab cov neeg mob qhia tias qhov no tsuas yog txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej no.

Nws tshwm sim tias tus kab mob no tau kuaj pom lig dhau lawm, thiab nws tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov qog nqaij hlav tag nrho. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev txiav txim siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov cheeb tsam cuam tshuam thiab tshuaj kho mob tau qhia. Hais txog nws nyob rau hauv ntau yam hauv qab no.

Kev kho mob qog nqaij hlav hauv plab ntawm hom 2 thiab thib 3 yog ua tiav, raws li txoj cai, tsuas yog los ntawm kev phais. Xws li formations yog yuav luag tag resistant rauTshuaj kho mob.

Gastric carcinoid: Tshuaj Chemo

Ntxiv rau, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias hauv kev kho mob ntawm hom 1 pathology no, kev siv tshuaj khomob yog ua tau. Xws li:

  • "Irinotecan";
  • "Oxaliplatin";
  • "Cisplatin";
  • "Leucovorin".
  • "5-fluorouracil"
  • Cov tshuaj "Cisplatin"
    Cov tshuaj "Cisplatin"

Txhua cov nyiaj tau teev tseg muaj cov nyhuv antitumor muaj zog vim lawv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua. Cov lus qhia rau kev siv "Cisplatin", piv txwv li, qhia tias nws tau nkag mus rau hauv DNA ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer, cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem ntawm kev faib tawm. Vim li ntawd, cov qog thiaj tsis kis mus thiab tuag.

"5-fluorouracil" hloov pauv hauv cov ntaub so ntswg hauv lub cev mus rau hauv cov metabolite nquag uas hloov cov enzyme tsim nyog rau kev faib cov qog nqaij hlav kom zoo.

Txoj kev kho mob no tsis tuaj yeem yog qhov tseem ceeb, tab sis yuav tsum tau siv los ua kev kho mob plab carcinoid. Txhawm rau kom muaj feem yuav rov zoo dua, tus kws kho mob oncologist feem ntau sau tshuaj ua ke ntawm ob lossis ntau dua tshuaj.

Raws li cov lus qhia rau kev siv Cisplatin, cov tshuaj no tau zoo tshaj plaws ua ke nrog Leucovorin. Lwm cov kev sib txuas tau tso cai. Yog li, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib xyaw nrog fluorouracil.

kho mob

Ntxiv rau, txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov tsos mob tsis zoo ntawm tus kab mob feem ntau sivtshuaj ntxiv. Cov no suav nrog:

  • Antacids xws li Almagel, Ranny, Gaviscon. Siv los txo kev kub ntxhov.
  • Antiemetics ("Metoclopramide", "Onandesterone-Teva") - yooj yim rau kev xav ntawm xeev siab.
  • txhais tau hais tias tawm tsam spasms ntawm plab hnyuv ("Duspatalin", "No-shpa", "Ganaton").

Txhua yam tshuaj uas tau teev tseg tsuas yog txo tus neeg mob tus mob, tab sis tsis tshem tawm qhov ua rau tus kab mob.

Huab cua

plab carcinoid yog kab mob txaus ntshai. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov muaj sia nyob ntawm cov neeg mob no ntau dua li lwm cov kab mob qog.

Qhov kev cia siab ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm kev kho mob ncaj qha nyob ntawm theem ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological, thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, ntawm hom kab mob.

  1. Rau thawj hom qog nqaij hlav, qhov kev kuaj mob yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Cov ciaj sia taus yog 95%. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev cia siab zoo rau cov neeg mob uas raug mob los ntawm hom kab mob plab no.
  2. Nrog rau hom qog thib ob, qhov ciaj sia nyob hauv tsib xyoos dhau los poob rau 80%. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias cov ntsuas no qhia tau qhov txiaj ntsig zoo heev.
  3. Hom qog thib peb yog qhov mob hnyav tshaj plaws, yog li cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob no muaj lub neej expectancy qis tshaj. Feem coob (60%) tuag hauv thawj tsib xyoos.
Oncologist thiab tus neeg mob
Oncologist thiab tus neeg mob

Zoo kawg

Carcinoid qog ntawm lub plab yog ib yam kab mob loj ntawm txoj hnyuv. Ib txhia ntawm nws hom yog heev yooj yim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum tsis muaj kev kho mob raws sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm carcinoid syndrome lossis tuag. Txhawm rau zam qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom kuaj xyuas tus kab mob hauv lub sijhawm thiab ua kom tshem tawm cov kab mob pathological. Yog li ntawd, txhua tus neeg yuav tsum tau mus kuaj mob yuav tsum tsis tu ncua, kuaj mob thiab, ntawm thawj cov tsos mob tsis zoo, nrhiav kev pab los ntawm cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb.

Pom zoo: