Kev mob qog noj ntshav mis: kev faib tawm thiab kev kho mob

2024 Tus sau: Curtis Blomfield | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 21:10

mob qog noj ntshav mis (lossis BC) yog qhov mob qog noj ntshav ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov poj niam, uas cov qog nqaij hlav noj qab haus huv degenerates rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav malignant. Kev loj hlob ntawm mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub mis provokes ib qho nquag thiab tsis muaj kev tswj xyuas tag nrho ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav atypical. Nrog kev kho tsis raws sijhawm thiab tsis tsim nyog, cov qog tuaj yeem loj hlob sai heev, txawm tias loj hlob mus rau hauv siab, cov leeg thiab tawv nqaij. Cov theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav mis yog dab tsi thiab lawv kho li cas? Cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no thiab lwm cov lus nug tau muab rau hauv kab lus no.

Yog vim li cas

Thaum lub sijhawm muaj tus kabmob no, nws nyuaj heev los txheeb xyuas nws qhov laj thawj. Cancer tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim muaj ntau yam. Nov yog cov tseem ceeb:

1. Hnub nyoog. Tus poj niam laus dua, qhov muaj feem yuav mob qog noj ntshav ntau dua, ntau dua 80% ntawm cov neeg mob qog noj ntshav tshwm sim tom qab lub cev tsis muaj zog.
2. Genetic factor. Mob qog noj ntshav feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov poj niam uas nws cov neeg hlub tau ntsib tib yam kev txom nyem.
3. Yog tias kev coj khaub ncaws pib ntxov heev (thaum hnub nyoog kaum lossis kaum ib xyoos) lossis mob ntshav qab zib tau tshwm sim tom qab tsib caug xyoo, qhov no yog qhov txaus ntshai heev rau tus poj niam txoj kev noj qab haus huv, txij li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj estrogen tau siv sijhawm ntev heev..
4. Yog poj niam tsis muaj peev xwm yug tau menyuam. Tus poj niam cev xeeb tubtsis muaj menyuam lossis yug thawj zaug tom qab hnub nyoog peb caug-tsib kuj muaj feem yuav mob qog noj ntshav mis.
5. Kev pub niam mis kuj tseem ceeb heev. Yog ib tug poj niam pub niam mis rau nws tus menyuam, ces nws tsis tshua muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim qog nqaij hlav.
6. Ntau tshaj. Thaum cev xeeb tub los, nws yuav tsum tau saib xyuas koj qhov hnyav, vim tias phaus ntxiv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv.

Symptoms

Cov tsos mob ntawm tus kab mob yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws theem: coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov loj, qhov ntau, thiab muaj cov metastases. Txij li thawj ob theem feem ntau tsis pom tseeb, mob qog noj ntshav mis feem ntau yog kuaj pom los ntawm kev kuaj ntshav lossis x-ray, uas yuav tsum tau ua txhua xyoo.

Cov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav yog qhov muaj cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj, thiab tus poj niam tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas lawv tus kheej los ntawm kev soj ntsuam lub mis.

Nyob rau theem tom qab, lwm yam cim tshwm sim: mob thiab pob hauv siab, hloov pauv ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab lawv cov qauv, o ntawm caj npab, tawm ntawm lub txiv mis thiab lawv cov retraction.

Cov qog, loj hlob tuaj, tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab. Lub mis tuaj yeem ua rau tawv, mob, thiab o vim qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb tsis zoo hauv nws cov ntaub so ntswg.

Thaum kawg - theem 4 mob qog noj ntshav mis - muaj metastasis ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav mus rau cov qog nqaij hlav, nrog rau lwm yam kabmob: lub hlwb (cov leeg tsis muaj zog), pob txha (mob pob qij txha loj thiab nraub qaum), ntsws(ua tsis taus pa thiab hnoos ntev), ob lub raum thiab daim siab (xav tias hnyav hauv plab, tsam plab). Daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov qog loj tuaj yeem ua necrotic, thiab cov kab mob tshwm sim ntawm lub hauv siab uas tsis zoo.

Diagnosis

Nyob rau theem pib ntawm mob qog noj ntshav mis, kev kuaj tus kheej yog qhov tseem ceeb heev. Kev kuaj tus kheej yuav tsum tau ua ntau zaus yog tias tus poj niam muaj hnub nyoog tshaj 35 xyoo. Txawm hais tias nyob rau theem pib tus kab mob tsis tshwm sim nws tus kheej ntau, tsis txhob qaug zog los tshuaj xyuas koj lub hauv siab rau:

• seals (ib lossis ntau dua);
• ib lub mis augmentation;
• tshwm sim ntawm lub npe "txiv qaub";
• tso tawm ntawm lub txiv mis, feem ntau los ntshav;
• mob plab;
• Nipple retraction.

Yog tias koj pom ib qho ntawm cov saum toj no, hu rau tus kws tshaj lij tam sim. Ntxiv nrog rau palpation thiab kuaj cov qog mammary, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem sau tshuaj ntsuam xyuas hauv chav kuaj. Nov yog kev xa mus rau cov txheej txheem xws li:

• kuaj mob qog noj ntshav;
• x-ray (mammography);
• tests.

Cov no yog cov kev kuaj mob tseem ceeb. Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua MRI lossis biopsy ntawm cov qog. Tsuas yog tom qab kev kuaj mob tag nrho (kev kuaj xyuas thiab kev kuaj sim) mammologist yuav kuaj xyuas thiab muab cov kev xav ntawm qhov tsim: malignant (mob qog noj ntshav) lossis benign, thiab tseem sau cov kev kho mob tsim nyog. Thiab txawm hais tias koj tsis pom qhov txawv txav ntawm lub hauv siab, kev ntsuam xyuas ib xyoos ib zaug los ntawm tus kws kho tsiaj yuav tsis zoo.

First stage

Kev pom zoo ntawm kev rov zoo thiab txoj hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav yog nyob ntawm theem ntawm tus kab mob. Cov cim qhia ntawm mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub mis thaum ntxov yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov muaj cov kab mob nkag mus uas tsim los ntawm cov hlwb ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg epithelial ntawm lub qog mammary. Qhov loj ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav los yog cov qog nqaij hlav cancer nyob rau theem no tsis pub tshaj ob centimeters. Mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub mis nyob rau theem no yog nyob rau hauv lub caj pas mammary, tsis cuam tshuam rau lwm yam kabmob lossis qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Tus kab mob no tshwm sim yam tsis muaj kev tshwm sim, txawm tias palpation ntawm lub cev cuam tshuam, tsis hnov mob, tsuas yog qee zaus, qhov nce hauv cov qog nqaij hlav tuaj yeem ua tau. Thawj theem, nws nyuaj rau kuaj pom tus kab mob no, vim tias tsis muaj cov tsos mob tshwm sim ntawm qhov mob thiab lub cev puas tsuaj.

Siv cov txheej txheem ntawm mammography, koj tuaj yeem paub ua ntej qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj cov qog nqaij hlav malignant. Kuj tseem muaj cov txheej txheem ntawm kev kuaj tus kheej, uas muaj nyob rau hauv palpation ntawm lub mis txhawm rau txhawm rau xyuas seb muaj cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Raws li kev txheeb cais, txog li 70 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob uas kuaj pom mob qog noj ntshav tau kuaj pom nws tus kheej los ntawm cov neeg mob, uas yog, thaum kuaj tus kheej ntawm lub mis. Yog hais tias tus qog malignant nyob hauv zos, ces nws raug tshem tawm tag nrho kev phais, ntes ib centimeter ntawm lub cev noj qab haus huv.

Nyob rau theem no, tom qab kev phais, cov txheej txheem hauv qab no tau sau tseg: tshuaj kho mob, kho hluav taws xob, kho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev xaiv ntawm ib, ob lossis ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke nyob ntawmqhov loj thiab cov khoom ntawm cov qog, nrog rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm nws kis.

Raws li kev txheeb cais, nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav, qhov kev muaj sia nyob tsib xyoos yog nyob rau theem ntawm ib puas feem pua, uas yog, txhua tus neeg mob rov zoo yog tias kev kho mob tau ua raws.

theem ob

Kev coj noj coj ua hauv kev tuag ntawm cov poj niam ib nrab ntawm cov pejxeem yog nyob ntawm oncology. Tab sis tseem, kev kuaj mob cancer mis thib ob tsis yog qhov kawg.

Yog vim li cas mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub mis ntawm qib 2 yog qhov kev txhim kho tsis tu ncua ntawm tus kabmob, nce tus lej ntawm cov kab mob pathogenic, lawv kis tau los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob. Cov tsos mob ntawm tus mob cancer mis feem ntau pom raws li hauv qab no: kev tsim cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj hauv lub hauv siab, tsis xis nyob, tsis tsim nyog mob hauv siab, hloov hauv cov duab, o, lub mis tsis sib haum, cov tawv nqaij hloov hauv lub hauv siab, thaum waving caj npab, pits tshwm. nyob rau hauv lub armpits thiab nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub collarbone, lymph nodes ua o, cov duab ntawm lub txiv mis hloov thiab tawm los ntawm nws tshwm.

Qib thib ob ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav yog suav tias yog thawj zaug. Cov cim tseem ceeb: carcinoma ntawm 2 mus rau 5 cm. Nws muab faib ua 2 substages:

1. 2A- ntawm theem no, qhov mob hnyav nce mus txog 2 cm.
2. 2B - tsim txog li 5 centimeters, cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm 1 mus rau 3 cov qog ntshav qog ntshav.

txhawm rau kuaj mob qog noj ntshav sai, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas koj tus kheej noj qab haus huv. Ua palpation ntawm cov qog mammary, xyuas kom meej tias tsis muaj cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Mob cancer mis thib ob muaj cov cim qhia meej tiasgynecologist los yog mammologist yuav pom nws yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas lub sijhawm palpation, thiab kuaj ultrasound ntxiv, mammography, kuaj ntshav thiab kuaj ntshav, kuaj ntshav biopsy, kuaj cov qog ntshav qog ntshav rau metastasis, thiab lwm yam tau muab rau tus poj niam. Hom mob cancer ntawm lub mis no yog kho nrog kev phais. Cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb txiav txim siab seb yuav khaws lub mis los yog tsis. Tom qab kev phais, cov ntaub so ntswg raug xa mus rau kev kuaj histological. Yog hais tias qhov malignancy tau mus txog 5 cm los yog metastases pom nyob rau hauv cov qog nqaij hlav, ces chemotherapy yog muab. Cov txheej txheem no ua ntej kev phais txo qhov loj ntawm neoplasm, thiab tom qab nws txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm metastasis thiab rov tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob. Kev kho mob raws sij hawm, kev phais mob ua ke nrog kev kho hluav taws xob ntawm theem ob feem ntau ua rau muaj kev rov zoo tag nrho.

Third stage

Qib 3 mob qog noj ntshav tau muab faib ua ob peb yam khoom:

1. 3A theem yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev kuaj pom cov qog ntawm txhua qhov loj lossis nws qhov tsis muaj, tab sis muaj cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav hauv 4-9 axillary thiab hauv siab cov qog ntshav, lossis kuaj pom cov qog ntsuas 5 centimeters thiab muaj. ntawm ib tug me me ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer nyob rau hauv lub axillary thiab sternal lymph nodes, los yog lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug qog loj dua 5 centimeters thiab nrhiav pom cov qog nqaij hlav cancer nyob rau hauv 1-3 axillary thiab sternal lymph nodes.
2. 3B theem. Cov theem no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tshawb pom ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer ntawm txhua qhov loj.los yog kuaj pom cov qog nqaij hlav qog nqaij hlav hauv lub mis uas ua rau cov tsos mob edema, nrog rau kev kuaj pom cov qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv 9 lossis tsawg dua axillary thiab sternal lymph nodes.
3. 3C theem. Cov theem no txawv ntawm 3B theem los ntawm kev kuaj pom cov qog nqaij hlav cancer hauv 10 lossis ntau dua axillary thiab sternal lymph nodes.

Kev kho ntawm theem 3A thiab ua haujlwm tau 3B yog ua tau ob qho tib si nrog kev khaws cia ntawm lub caj pas mammary, thiab nrog nws qhov kev tshem tawm ib nrab lossis ua tiav. Nyob ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lymph node biopsy, hluav taws xob mus rau lub hauv siab cheeb tsam yuav raug tshuaj. Tom qab kev kho mob phais ntawm cov theem no, kws khomob yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

Kev kho mob ntawm theem 3B thiab theem 3C tsis tuaj yeem ua tau tsuas yog nrog kev tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm cov qog mammary thiab ib feem ntawm cov kab mob axillary lossis sternal lymph nodes, ua raws li irradiation. Nyob ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev kuaj ntshav ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav, lawv cov irradiation hauv cheeb tsam thoracic tuaj yeem raug sau tseg. Raws li nyob rau theem 3A, thiab ua haujlwm tau 3B tom qab kev phais, kev kho tshuaj khomob lossis kev kho tshuaj hormone yog yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau theem no. Tom qab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev kho mob ntawm theem 3 ntawm tus kab mob, lub mis rov tsim kho tau ua tau, txhawm rau kho cov duab thiab qhov loj ntawm lub mis.

4 theem

theem mob cancer mis loj tshaj plaws yog plaub. Nrog nws, tsis yog qhov loj ntawm cov qog los yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav puas tseem ceeb. Mob qog noj ntshav mis (BC) metastasizes rau cov pob txha ntawm pob txha, nrog me ntsis qhov tshwm sim - rau lub ntsws thiab lub hlwb. Lwm yam kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg raug cuam tshuam tsawg dua.

Kev kho mob

Thaum nws los txog rau theem 4 mob qog noj ntshav, ces kev ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua rau nws. Lawv lub hom phiaj yog hloov. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, kev phais mob yog tsom rau kev tshem tawm ntau yam teeb meem ntawm tus kab mob hauv qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau theem 4 mob qog noj ntshav mis, kev kho hluav taws xob tuaj yeem siv tau los ua kev kho mob, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho mob palliative, piv txwv li, tshem tawm qhov mob nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov kab mob metastatic ntawm cov pob txha pob txha.

Yog li, txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev kho yog tshuaj kho mob thiab kho tshuaj hormone (yog tias neoplasm yog tshuaj hormone-rhiab heev). Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv txhua theem tus neeg mob yeej ib txwm xav nyob rau hauv prognosis ntawm lub neej expectancy. Nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias qhov kev mob tshwm sim rau theem 4 mob qog noj ntshav mis (nrog rau theem 4 mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lwm yam kabmob thiab cov ntaub so ntswg) tsis zoo. Feem coob ntawm cov neeg mob tuag hauv thawj xyoo tom qab kuaj pom tseeb. Ntxiv mus, kev tuag tuaj yeem tshwm sim tsis yog los ntawm cov txheej txheem qog nqaij hlav xwb, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov teeb meem uas nws tsim. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob tuag los ntawm tus mob khaub thuas. Exhaustion ntawm tus neeg mob, raws li zoo raws li mob syndrome, heev accelerates kev tuag. Yog tias peb tham txog ntev npaum li cas lawv nyob nrog theem 4 mob qog noj ntshav, ces li ntawm 10-15% ntawm cov neeg mob muaj sia nyob ib xyoos.

Risk factors

Thaum lub cell DNA mutates, nws yuav txaus ntshai. Cov qog nqaij hlav cancer pib qhib rau hauv lub cell hloov. Cov qog nqaij hlav feem ntau tshwm sim hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub caj pas mammary. Kev tsim cov qog nqaij hlav malignant ntau dua yog hu ua kev pheej hmoo. Txhua tus muaj nwshom mob qog noj ntshav nws theem ntawm kev hloov pauv, uas ua rau kev ua kom nws txoj kev loj hlob. Muaj cov xwm txheej txaus ntshai uas ib tus neeg ua rau los ntawm lawv tus cwj pwm:

1. Smokes.
2. Khau dej cawv ntau heev.
3. Siv cov khoom noj uas tsis muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev noj qab haus huv, tab sis tsuas yog ua rau nws tsis zoo.
4. Siv tshuaj ntawm ntau yam kev hloov pauv (hnub nqus, tso dej, thiab lwm yam).

Ntxiv rau qhov tau txais kev pheej hmoo, tseem muaj cov uas nyob hauv lub cev, thiab ib tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lawv txhawm rau txhim kho lawv cov DNA hlwb:

1. Race.
2. Nyob.
3. tsev neeg keeb kwm kho mob.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tsis tau tsim cov kev pheej hmoo uas cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv ntawm DNA noj qab haus huv ntawm tes mus rau qhov hloov pauv. Thaum twg thiab yuav ua li cas mob qog noj ntshav hauv cov qog mammary tau qhib tsis tau paub, nws tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees tus kab mob. Muaj qhov kev xav tias cov tshuaj hormones muaj qhov cuam tshuam, tab sis qhov version no tseem nyob rau theem ntawm kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb.

Kev nyuaj siab

Cov kab mob qog noj ntshav tau thauj mus los ntawm cov hlab ntsha lymphatic thiab pib lawv txoj kev loj hlob hauv cov qog nqaij hlav ze tshaj plaws. Cov ntshav ntws ua rau cov hlwb tsis zoo rau tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg thiab kabmob, uas feem ntau ua rau cov qog nqaij hlav tshiab - metastases. Feem ntau, mob qog noj ntshav mis metastasizes rau pob txha, siab, ntsws, thiab hlwb. Lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cov qog thiab cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev tuaj yeem ua rau tus poj niam tuag.

Kev Tiv Thaiv

mob qog noj ntshav yog ib qho ntawm feem ntaumob hnyav. Nws tsis yog yooj yim los kho nws, thiab qee zaum nws tsis yooj yim sua. Tab sis muaj txoj hauv kev uas tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm tus kab mob.

1. Nyuaj ntau cov zaub cruciferous. Qhov no yog cabbage, radish. Lawv yuav ua kom lub cev noj qab nyob zoo.
2. Tsim turmeric. Cov khoom no yuav pab txhawb lub cev tiv thaiv. Sib tov nrog kua txob thiab noj 1/8 teaspoon txhua hnub.
3. suav nrog gooseberries hauv koj cov zaub mov. Nws muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig. Ua ntej, muaj coob tus antioxidants, thiab thib ob, nws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov vitamins. Nov yog qhov tseem ceeb.
4. Eat soy.
5. Nqus koj lub tsev ntau zaus.
6. Siv cov xab npum nkaus xwb. Es tsis txhob siv tshuaj tua kab mob, nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav khoom siv hauv tsev. Qhov no yuav pab tshem tawm cov co toxins.
7. Ntau nceb. Qhov no yog ib qhov chaw ntawm cov as-ham. Muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev tiv thaiv tus kab mob no.
8. Muab qab zib. Tsis muaj dab tsi pab tau hauv nws. Ua ntej, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav nce ntxiv, qhov thib ob, cov piam thaj cuam tshuam rau cov qog loj hlob, thiab qhov thib peb, nws txhawb nqa metastases.
9. Khoom qab zib yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hloov nrog berries. Koj tuaj yeem sim strawberries lossis raspberries. Cov berries no muaj antioxidants. Lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho tus kab mob no.

txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub mis lossis "ntaus" tsuas yog cov kab mob tshwm sim hauv lub sijhawm, nws yuav tsum tau mus ntsib kws kho mob mammologist thiab gynecologist tsis tu ncua, nrog rau kev kuaj X-ray. Tom qab tag nrho, muaj pes tsawg theem ntawm mob qog noj ntshav mis, muaj ntau txoj kev kho mob rau lawv txhua tus. Nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau kuaj lub mis tus kheej.