Electrophoresis ntawm ntshav ntshav thiab zis. Serum protein electrophoresis: qauv, txhais

Cov txheej txheem:

Electrophoresis ntawm ntshav ntshav thiab zis. Serum protein electrophoresis: qauv, txhais
Electrophoresis ntawm ntshav ntshav thiab zis. Serum protein electrophoresis: qauv, txhais

Video: Electrophoresis ntawm ntshav ntshav thiab zis. Serum protein electrophoresis: qauv, txhais

Video: Electrophoresis ntawm ntshav ntshav thiab zis. Serum protein electrophoresis: qauv, txhais
Video: tshuaj kho zoo mob pob txha hauv caug 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Muaj ntau yam protein ntau hauv tib neeg cov ntshav plasma. Lawv txawv nyob rau hauv lawv muaj pes tsawg leeg, qauv thiab kev mus los nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam nruab nrab uas ua hluav taws xob tam sim no. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus rau kev faib ntawm tag nrho cov protein, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub plasma, mus rau ntau yam protein feem. Thaum lub sij hawm electrophoresis ntawm cov ntshav ntshav, qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov protein thiab cov qauv yog txiav txim siab. Qhov no yog tsim nyog los txiav txim seb ib tug neeg puas muaj ntau yam pathological tshwm sim, xws li kab mob los yog oncology. Nws yog cov electrophoresis ntawm cov ntshav cov ntshav cov protein uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob ntau yam.

electrophoresis ntawm serum
electrophoresis ntawm serum

Method Essence

Rau qhov sib cais ntawm cov feem pua ntawm cov protein, cov ntshav ntshav electrophoresis yog siv, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus uas yog raws li qhov sib txawv txav ntawm cov protein nyob rau hauv qhov tsim hluav taws xob. Txoj kev tshawb fawb no yog qhov tseeb dua thiabcov ntaub ntawv, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau tus qauv ua tiav cov ntshav suav. Tab sis tib lub sij hawm, electrophoresis qhia tsuas yog tus nqi ntawm ib feem ntawm cov protein, qhov xwm thiab qib ntawm cov txheej txheem pathological nyob rau hauv daim ntawv dav dav. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua tso cai rau cov kws kho mob kom paub tseeb tias qhov sib piv ntawm cov feem pua ntawm cov protein tau pom hauv tib neeg lub cev, thiab txiav txim siab qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob tshwm sim hauv ib qho kab mob.

Nyob ntawm cov protein feem

Feem ntau ntawm lub cev cov kua dej hauv lub cev, lossis ntshav, yog tsim los ntawm cov protein. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, lawv cov qauv yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 60-80 g / l. Txhawm rau kom tau txais kev txheeb xyuas tseeb, electrophoresis ntawm ntshav ntshav ntawm daim ntawv yog ua. Txoj kev tshawb no yog txoj kev tsom xam feem ntau. Lub ntsiab nruab nrab yog cov ntawv lim tshwj xeeb. Nws lub ntsiab feature yog siab hygroscopicity. Cov ntawv no tuaj yeem nqus dej ntau dua li qhov hnyav ntawm 130-200 zaug. Nyob ntawm cov khoom siv, electrophoresis ntawm daim ntawv siv sijhawm 4-16 teev. Muaj kev faib cov qauv ntawm cov protein. Cov strips ntawm daim ntawv raug kho nrog cov inks tshwj xeeb kom tau txais kev tshuaj ntsuam. Cov txheej txheem no yog qhov feem ntau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov chaw kuaj mob. Vim yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm hluav taws xob tam sim no, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov protein feem ntau txav mus rau qhov zoo ntawm cov electrode. Vim li no, cov protein ntawm cov ntshav tau muab faib ua 5 feem:

  • albumins;
  • α1 -globulin;
  • α2 -globulin;
  • β – globulin;
  • γ-globulin.

Albumins raug nqi tsis zoo, muaj me me, piv nrog lwm cov feem, qhov hnyav molecular. Vim li no, lawv txoj kev txav ceev yog siab dua li ntawm lwm pawg, thiab lawv nyob deb tshaj plaws ntawm thaj chaw pib. Thawj peb globulin feem ntau txav ntawm qhov qeeb qeeb vim lawv qhov loj. Tab sis qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ceev tau sau npe hauv γ-globulins. Cov proteins no muaj qhov loj thiab loj, txheeb ze rau lwm tus, qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Lawv cov nqi yuav luag nruab nrab, yog li cov protein feem ntau xyaum tsis txav los ntawm kab pib.

electrophoresis ntawm ntshav ntshav thiab zis
electrophoresis ntawm ntshav ntshav thiab zis

Yuav tsum siv

Tam sim no, cov ntshav electrophoresis yog ib qho kev sim uas nquag ua los ua qhov tseeb ntawm tus kab mob. Qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no tuaj yeem raug sau los ntawm ob tus kws kho mob thiab cov kws kho mob nqaim. Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb yuav yog:

  • ntau yam mob;
  • kab mob chronic;
  • cov txheej txheem pathological hauv cov ntaub so ntswg sib txuas;
  • ntshav tawm hauv;
  • malignant neoplasms.

Npaj rau kev xeem

Txhawm rau kom cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog tus cwj pwm kom raug, yam tsawg 8 teev ua ntej pub ntshav, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob noj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los koom tes nrog kev noj tshuaj, yog tias muaj, nrog tus kws kho mob uas tuaj koom.

kuaj ntshav

Yuav kom cov txiaj ntsig tsis txhob yuam kev siab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum txo qis qhov ua tau ntawm cov ntshav txhaws los txiav txim qhov ntsuas.protein ntau thiab tag nrho cov protein. Serum electrophoresis yog ua tib zoo ua tib zoo, vim tias muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim vim fibrinogen. Nws tuaj yeem zais cov protein ntau txawv txav lossis tsis meej pem nrog lawv.

Serum protein electrophoresis
Serum protein electrophoresis

Ntau tus nqi

Tsis pub dhau 24 teev tom qab coj tus qauv, kev tshuaj ntsuam rau electrophoresis ntawm cov ntshav cov ntshav cov protein yuav npaj tau. Cov qauv ntawm cov ntsuas tau los ntawm qeb hauv cov neeg laus:

  1. tag nrho cov protein - 63-82 g / l.
  2. Albumins - 40-60% ntawm tag nrho cov zauv feem.
  3. α1-globulins - 2-5%.
  4. α2-globulins - 7-13%.
  5. β-globulins - 8-15%
  6. γ-globulins - 12-22%.

Yuav tsum tau tsom xam

Hloov pauv ntawm cov protein feem ntau nce lossis nqis tuaj yeem qhia txog kev txhim kho ntawm qee yam kab mob. Yuav kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha txog qhov no, electrophoresis ntawm cov ntshav ntshav cov protein yog tsim nyog. Kev txiav txim siab cov txiaj ntsig yuav ua rau nws yooj yim dua rau cov kws kho mob los kuaj xyuas thiab xaiv kev kho mob.

Electrophoresis ntawm cov ntshav ntshav proteins txiav txim siab
Electrophoresis ntawm cov ntshav ntshav proteins txiav txim siab

nce hauv albumin

Thaum pib, thaum soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig tau, tus nqi ntawm albumin tau txiav txim siab. Ib qho kev nce ntawm cov feem no yuav qhia tias lub cev qhuav dej. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias tus neeg mob ntuav ntuav ntev lossis muaj teeb meem hauv plab hnyuv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev nce hauv albumin tshwm sim nrog kev kub hnyiab ntawm thaj tsam loj ntawm daim tawv nqaij.

Kev txo qis albumin

Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai ntau dua yog tias tus nqi ntawm albumin hauv lub cev txo qis, qhov no yuav qhia tau cov kab mob hauv qab no:

  1. rau raum thiab lub siab puas.
  2. Pathologies ntawm plab hnyuv.
  3. txheej txheem kis.
  4. Kev cuam tshuam hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab plawv.
  5. Bleeding.
  6. Malignant neoplasms.
  7. Sepsis.
  8. Rheumatism.
protein fractions thiab tag nrho cov protein electrophoresis ntawm cov ntshav ntshav
protein fractions thiab tag nrho cov protein electrophoresis ntawm cov ntshav ntshav

txo qis hauv albumin kuj tuaj yeem yog:

  1. Nyob rau yav tom ntej niam.
  2. Thaum koob tshuaj ntau dhau.
  3. Nyob kub taub hau.
  4. Cov neeg haus luam yeeb hnyav.

Hloov tus lej ntawm α1-globulins

Kev txo qis ntawm tus lej ntawm a1-globulins tau sau npe nrog qhov tsis muaj α1-antitrypsin. Kev nce ntxiv yog sau tseg nrog exacerbation ntawm o hauv lub cev, mob hauv siab, nrog cov ntaub so ntswg lwj.

Kev txo qis hauv α2-globulins

Sau npe rau ntshav qab zib mellitus, cov txheej txheem inflammatory hauv cov txiav, hauv cov menyuam yug tshiab nrog jaundice, nrog kab mob siab ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg. Nws kuj qhia txog kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, tsis sib npaug.

nce hauv α2-globulins

Ua thaum muaj kab mob hauv qab no:

  1. Kab mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muaj cov purulent exudate (mob ntsws thiab lwm yam txheej txheem nrog cov kua paug).
  2. Cov kab mob sib txuas (piv txwv li rheumatism).
  3. Muamneoplasms.
  4. Lub sijhawm rov qab los tom qab kub hnyiab.
  5. Kidney puas.

Ntxiv rau, qhov tshwm sim no yog qhov zoo rau hemolysis ntawm cov ntshav hauv lub raj kuaj thaum lub sijhawm kawm.

Serum electrophoresis ntawm daim ntawv
Serum electrophoresis ntawm daim ntawv

nce hauv β-globulins

Pom pom nrog hyperlipoproteinemia (nce ntawm cov lipids hauv cov ntshav), pathologies ntawm daim siab thiab ob lub raum. Nws tuaj yeem pom nrog lub plab qhib, nrog rau hypothyroidism (kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov thyroid caj pas). Ib qho kev txo qis hauv feem yog sau nrog hypobetalipoproteinemia (kev nce hauv betalipoprotein feem hauv cov ntshav).

Kev hloov pauv hauv feem ntawm γ-globulins

feem no suav nrog immunoglobulins. Yog li ntawd, qhov nce hauv γ-globulins tau sau tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv tsis ua haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv. Qhov no feem ntau tshwm sim nrog ntau yam kab mob, kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem inflammatory, hloov cov ntaub so ntswg thiab hlawv qhov txhab. Kev loj hlob ntawm γ-globulins tau sau tseg hauv cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob siab ntev. Yuav luag tib daim duab yog ib yam rau cirrhosis ntawm daim siab. Hauv cov mob hnyav heev ntawm tus kab mob no, tus nqi ntawm cov protein feem ntawm γ-globulins yog qhov siab dua li qhov ntsuas albumin. Hauv qee cov kab mob, tej zaum yuav muaj kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv kev tsim γ-globulins, thiab kev txhim kho ntawm cov protein hloov pauv hauv cov ntshav - paraproteins. Txhawm rau kom paub meej qhov xwm txheej ntawm txoj kev loj hlob no, kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yog ua - immunoelectrophoresis. Cov qauv no yog ib yam rau ntau yam myeloma thiab Waldenström's pathology.

Kev nce ntawm tus lej ntawm γ-globulins kuj tseem muajCov kab mob hauv qab no:

  • Ylupus erythematosus;
  • endothelioma;
  • mob caj dab rheumatoid;
  • osteosarcoma;
  • daim ntawv mob ntawm lymphocytic leukemia;
  • candidomycosis.

Txo qis hauv γ-globulins

Kev txo qis hauv γ-globulins tau muab faib ua 3 hom:

  1. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv (ib txwm rau cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog peb txog tsib lub hlis).
  2. Congenital (tsim los ntawm yug).
  3. Idiopathic (thaum qhov ua rau tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab).

Kev poob qis yog sau tseg hauv kev txhim kho cov kab mob uas ua rau lub cev tsis muaj zog. Tsis ntev los no, hauv kev kho mob, kev tshuaj xyuas tau nce zuj zus los txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm prealbumin. Feem ntau, txoj kev tshawb no yog ua rau cov neeg mob hauv kev saib xyuas hnyav.

Kev txo qis ntawm prealbumin yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev thiab raug kuaj xyuas qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov qauv protein hauv tus neeg mob lub cev. Thaum txheeb xyuas prealbumins, cov protein metabolism raug kho hauv cov neeg mob.

Urine electrophoresis

Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no zoo ib yam li thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua electrophoresis ntawm cov ntshav ntshav. Nws yog nqa tawm rau kev kuaj pom tseeb dua lossis kuaj pom lwm yam pathologies. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no yuav pab txheeb xyuas qhov muaj proteinuria hauv tus neeg mob.

Ntshav protein electrophoresis norm
Ntshav protein electrophoresis norm

Zoo kawg

Electrophoresis ntawm cov ntshav ntshav thiab zis yog txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj mob ntawm ntau yam kab mob. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheemkev tshawb fawb thiab qhov tseeb siab, lawv pab txiav txim siab txog hom kab mob pathology. Kev kuaj mob kom raug yog txoj hauv kev rau kev kho kom raug thiab rov zoo tag nrho.

Pom zoo: