Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: thaum ua tiav, tshuaj tiv thaiv

Cov txheej txheem:

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: thaum ua tiav, tshuaj tiv thaiv
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: thaum ua tiav, tshuaj tiv thaiv

Video: Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: thaum ua tiav, tshuaj tiv thaiv

Video: Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: thaum ua tiav, tshuaj tiv thaiv
Video: Dilation and Curettage (D & C) 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb, tib neeg tau tawm tsam tuberculosis. Qhov no yog ib yam kab mob loj uas nyuaj rau kev tshem tawm. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntev tau tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws. Peb yuav tau paub nws tom qab. Thaum twg thiab leej twg yuav tsum ua? Dab tsi suav nrog hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv? Puas muaj tej yam tshwm sim? Thiab yog tias muaj, yuav ua li cas tshem tau lawv? Cov lus teb rau txhua qhov no thiab ntau ntxiv yuav pom hauv qab no. Qhov tseeb, txhua yam tsis nyuaj li nws zoo li. Qhov tseem ceeb yog nco ntsoov cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.

Yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam li cas
Yuav txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam li cas

Tuberculosis yog…

Ua ntej, cia peb kawm seb tus kab mob yog dab tsi. Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm ib tug kab mob loj kis tau los ntawm huab cua tee. Ib tug neeg kis tus kab mob no yuav raug txo qis hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Tuberculosis cuam tshuam rau lub ntsws, pob txha, pob qij txha, txoj hnyuv. Yog tsis kho, tus kab mob ua rau tuag. Kev kuaj mob hauv cov menyuam yaus yog teeb meem. Hauv cov neeg laus, kev kuaj mob tau yooj yim dua.

Txhua tus muaj mob. Yog vim li ntawd tib neeg thiaj txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Dab tsi yuav tsum nco ntsoov txog nws nyob rau txhua qhov xwm txheej?

Thaum lawv ua

Piv txwv li, thaum tib neeg tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tsim nyog. Muaj daim ntawv qhia hnub txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws. Thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv txoj kev tshawb no suav nrog hauv cov npe yuav tsum tau ua.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog muab rau cov menyuam yug tshiab thawj zaug. Cov menyuam mos muab tso ua ke nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B. Tab sis ua ntej ntawd, tus me nyuam tau ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas.

BCG (qhov no yog qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv kev kawm hu ua) tau ua nyob rau hauv ntau theem. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb yog ua nyob rau thawj hnub ntawm tus menyuam lub neej, thiab tom qab ntawd ob peb qhov kev txhaj tshuaj yog npaj. Qhov no pab tiv thaiv lub cev kom ntev.

Kev txhaj tshuaj rov yog muab rau thaum 7 thiab 14 xyoo. Tom qab qhov thib ob revaccination, lub cev tau txais kev tiv thaiv mus ntev rau cov kab mob sib xws. Tab sis lub sijhawm tseeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob TB tsis paub meej. Nws nyob ntawm tus neeg mob lub cev tag nrho. Kev txhaj tshuaj pab ib tug neeg tiv thaiv kab mob rau 10-15 xyoo, ib tug - 20-25.

Qee zaum tib neeg tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum 30. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub neej tiag tiag, ob peb cov pej xeem zoo tib yam mus rau cov tsev kho mob rau cov txheej txheem sib xws. Tom qab tag nrho, raws li peb twb tau hais lawm, kev kuaj mob tuberculosis hauv cov neeg laus yog nqa tawm yam tsis muaj teeb meem. Thiab yog li ntawd tus neeg yuav muaj peev xwm pib kho sai sai.

Immunization daim ntawv qhia hnub nyob rau hauv Russia
Immunization daim ntawv qhia hnub nyob rau hauv Russia

Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau qhov xwm txheej uas tsis tau teem sijhawm rov txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem ua tiav. Tab sis ntxiv rau qhov ntawd tom qab.

YContraindications

Cov menyuam yaus tsis tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob TB raws li qee qhov xwm txheej. Muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm contraindications rau kev txhaj tshuaj.

rau covlees txais rau tus cwj pwm:

  • kev ua xua hnyav;
  • tus me nyuam muaj kab mob hauv lub cev;
  • prematurity hnyav dua 2 kilograms;
  • muaj kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij hnyav;
  • txhim kho kev kis mob hnyav;
  • kab mob hemolytic ntawm tus menyuam mos;
  • hloov cov kab mob purulent-septic;
  • muaj teeb meem los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yav dhau los.

Raws li txoj cai, txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob TB rau cov menyuam noj qab nyob zoo. Hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej uas tau teev tseg dhau los, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raug ncua rau ob peb lub hlis. Txawm li cas los xij, cov niam txiv tuaj yeem xaiv tawm. Hauv tebchaws Russia, cov neeg sawv cev raug cai ntawm cov menyuam yaus muaj txoj cai zoo li no.

Composition

Cov tshuaj tshawb fawb muaj cov hlwb tsis muaj zog tuberculosis. Namely, bovine tuberculosis bacillus. Cov kab lis kev cai tau txais nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev loj hlob bacilli yog concentrated thiab tov nrog purified dej.

Thaum kawg, BCG muaj ob qho tib si TB bacilli thiab cov neeg tuag. Lawv txaus rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tab sis rau kev kis tus kab mob uas tau kawm, qhov sib thooj tuberculous loj tsis txaus.

Methodology

Thaum twg txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob TB? Peb twb tau kawm cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no. Txoj kev ua raws nraim li cas?

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, ob peb hnub ua ntej txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv, tib neeg tau txais Mantoux cov tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis "Diaskintest". Yog tias qhov tshwm sim zoo li qub, koj tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv BCG
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv BCG

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txhaj rau hauv lub xub pwg intradermally. Ua ntej, sab sauv thiab nruab nrab peb ntawm lub xub pwg nyomkho nrog cawv, tom qab ntawd ib rab koob los ntawm lub koob txhaj tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj BCG muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw sib thooj.

Tom qab muab rab koob tshem tawm, cov paj rwb tuaj yeem siv rau qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau qhov tseeb tias tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thaj chaw uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tuaj yeem kho nrog txhua yam. Nws tseem raug txwv tsis pub siv tourniquets.

Tseem ceeb: yog tias BCG tsis tau ua tiav hauv tsev kho mob maternity, thiab tam sim no cov niam txiv txiav txim siab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tus menyuam ua ntej hnub nyoog 2 hli, qhov kev kuaj Mantoux tsis ua tiav. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj tus kab mob ua ntej txhaj tshuaj.

leej twg xav tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tsum tsis tau teem sijhawm. Qhov no tsis yog qhov kev npaj ntau tshaj plaws. Txawm li cas los xij, tseem yuav tsum paub txog nws.

Tam sim no, menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog:

  • tus neeg npaj yuav mus los lossis hloov chaw mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj teeb meem TB nyuaj;
  • neeg nyob ib cheeb tsam li tus neeg mob TB;
  • yog cov pej xeem feem ntau mus rau thaj chaw uas muaj tus kab mob siab;
  • cov neeg ua haujlwm noj qab haus huv uas tau ntsib nrog cov neeg mob TB.

Raws li, txhua tus pej xeem yuav tsis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Tab sis koj tseem yuav tau ua Mantoux lossis X-ray txhua xyoo. Tom qab tag nrho, tsuas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kev no tus neeg thiab kws kho mob nkag siab tias tus neeg mob mob.

Side effects

Tus neeg puas yuav ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob TB? Hmoov tsis zoo, BCG yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv hnyav heev. Thiab nws tsis muab ib qho kev lees paub rau qhov tsis muaj teeb meem. Kev mob tshwm simkev nqis tes ua tom qab qhov txheej txheem pom muaj nyob hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus.

Ntawm no yog cov kev mob tshwm sim tshaj plaws:

  1. Kub nce.
  2. Tearfulness, poob zog.
  3. Kev mob hnyav hauv lub cev. Feem ntau mob me me, tsis tas yuav tsum tau kev kho mob sib cais lossis kev kho mob.
  4. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm infiltrate. Qhov no yog qhov tsaus ntuj ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nws tshwm sim feem ntau hauv cov menyuam yaus. Tsis xav tau kev kho mob tshwj xeeb. Tom qab kho, ib qho caws pliav me me ntawm lub xub pwg.
  5. Ntau cov qog ntshav qab zib. Feem ntau, cov nodes nyob rau hauv armpits thiab collarbone nce. Qee lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem yuav tsum muaj kev kho mob cais.
  6. Tshuaj khaub thuas abscess. Nws tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Nws tshwm sim, raws li txoj cai, vim muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev tswj hwm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev kawm feem ntau ploj mus ntawm nws tus kheej 2-3 lub hlis tom qab qhov tsos. Tom qab ntawd, ib qho caws pliav tshwm ntawm lub xub pwg.
  7. mob plab. Yuav tsum tau kho nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Lub rwj yog smeared nrog tshuaj pleev tshwj xeeb.
  8. Keloid caws pliav. Nws tshwm nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev kho infiltrate. Yog tias qhov caws pliav tsis loj hlob, nws tsis tas yuav kho. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav tau txais kev kho mob nrog tshuaj hormonal.

Tej zaum yog tag nrho. Tsis muaj lwm yam teebmeem ntawm BCG. Yog li ntawd, kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog yuav luag ib txwm muab rau cov menyuam yug tshiab thiab cov neeg laus.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tuberculosis

Type of vaccines

Nws tsim nyog ua tib zoo saib xyuas qhov tseeb tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau kawm muaj ntau hom. Ib qho yog BCG. Tshuaj tiv thaivtsim, raws li peb twb tau hais lawm, los ntawm bovine tuberculosis hlwb, uas yuav kis tsis tau.

Muaj ib yam khoom hu ua BCG-M. Qhov no yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog. Nws muaj tshuaj tsawg dua. Siv los txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob maj mam nyob hauv kev kawm.

Leej twg txhaj tshuaj BCG-M

Thaum twg cov menyuam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob TB? Feem ntau nyob rau hnub 3 ntawm lub neej, tom qab ntawd ua ntej tsev kawm ntawv thiab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos. Feem ntau yog txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv BCG. Tab sis qee zaum, ib tus neeg tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj BCG-M. Thaum twg tiag?

Ntawm no yog cov lus qhia rau BCG-M:

  • txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam mos ntxov ntxov (qhov hnyav dua 2 kg);
  • Tsis txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kev kho mob yog tias ua rau raug tshem tawm.

Ntxiv rau, cov niam txiv BCG-M tuaj yeem muab tus menyuam tso rau hauv qhov chaw kho mob them nyiaj ntawm lawv tus kheej nyiam. Tab sis ua li ntawd yam tsis muaj pov thawj kho mob yuav tsum tsis yog. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj teeb meem ntau thiab teeb meem nrog lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yav tom ntej.

Efficiency

Puas muaj tuberculosis tom qab txhaj tshuaj? Feem ntau, xws li qhov tshwm sim tsis tshwm sim raws li qhov teeb meem tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov ntawd yog, tus neeg tsis tuaj yeem kis tus kab mob ntsws los ntawm BCG.

Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tau ntev tau ua pov thawj los ntawm lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob TB tsis muab 100% tiv thaiv tus kab mob. Tus neeg mob txhim kho kev tiv thaiv ib ntus rau kev kis kab mob, tab sis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob tseem nyob. Me me, tab sis nws muaj qhov chaw.

Tseem ceeb: cov neeg muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo tsis muaj dab tsi txhawj txog. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, tuberculosis, yog tias ntes tau, yuav tshwm sim yam tsis muaj mob hnyavteeb meem nrog kev kho raws sijhawm.

Cov kws kho mob hais tias nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem kis tus kab mob TB tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog vim li ntawd nws thiaj pom zoo kom tsis txhob zam BCG yam tsis muaj laj thawj kho mob.

Kev txhaj tshuaj rau cov neeg laus
Kev txhaj tshuaj rau cov neeg laus

Vim li cas thiaj pom zoo txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv

Qee tus xav paub yog vim li cas cov menyuam mos yuav tsum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv menyuam yaus tseem mob heev niaj hnub no. Thiab yog li koj yuav tsum ntsuas txhua qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem.

Muaj ntau qhov laj thawj vim li cas koj yuav tsum tsis kam txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tsev kho mob. Piv txwv li:

  • tuberculosis tau dhau los ua kis mob hauv qee thaj tsam;
  • tuberculosis cuam tshuam txog li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem;
  • 60 ntawm 1000 tus neeg hauv tebchaws Russia tau kis tus kabmob;
  • kab mob hauv kev kawm cuam tshuam rau txhua tus yam tsis muaj kev ntxub ntxaug lossis hnub nyoog txwv;
  • tuberculosis yog kab mob tuag taus;
  • kev kho mob yeej tsis muaj txiaj ntsig;
  • txoj kev kho tus kab mob no tsawg kawg 3 lub hlis, ces tus kab mob tuaj yeem rov qab los;
  • kab mob hauv kev kawm yog sai thiab yooj yim kis los ntawm cov tee dej.

Raws li, sab nraum lub tsev kho mob maternity, tus me nyuam muaj feem yuav mob heev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias ib tug neeg hauv tsev neeg muaj kab mob ntsws los yog tsis kuaj xyuas lub cev txhua xyoo.

Yuav ua li cas thiaj txo tau txoj kev pheej hmoo

Tam sim no nws paub meej tias qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob TB yog dab tsi. Ib daim duab ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv zos tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog nthuav tawm rau peb hauv qab no. Yuav ua li cas txo qhov pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem?

Kev mob tshwm sim ntawm BCG
Kev mob tshwm sim ntawm BCG

Cia peb xav txog cov txheej txheem ntawm tus qauv ntawm cov menyuam yug tshiab. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog nyob rau hauv cov menyuam mos uas muaj kev phiv tshwm sim feem ntau.

Nws pom zoo kom ua raws li cov lus qhia no:

  1. Cia li kuaj xyuas tus menyuam lub cev ua ntej txhaj tshuaj. Yuav tsum kuaj ntshav.
  2. txwv tsis pub mus ntsib niam thiab menyuam ob peb hnub. Nws raug nquahu kom cais tawm mus txog thaum tawm hauv tsev kho mob. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog kom tsis txhob kis tus kab mob ntxiv.
  3. Ua kom qhov cua nkag hauv chav uas txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
  4. Tsis txhob da dej koj tus menyuam tam sim tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov txheej txheem dej rov pib dua tom qab ib ntus. Lawv yuav tsum luv.
  5. Tom qab tso tawm, nws raug nquahu kom taug kev nrog tus menyuam hauv huab cua ntshiab. Txawm li cas los xij, niam thiab menyuam yuav tsum zam qhov chaw muaj neeg coob.

Tej zaum yog tag nrho. Cov lus qhia no pab kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem tom qab txhaj tshuaj, tab sis lawv tsis yog panacea. Thiab koj yuav tsum tsis txhob cia siab rau lawv. Tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem lav 100% kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj. Thiab leej twg. Qhov no yog kev cuam tshuam hauv lub cev. Thiab txawm tias tus kws kho mob tsis tuaj yeem kwv yees qhov tseeb tias tus menyuam lossis tus neeg laus lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob yuav coj li cas thaum cov txheej txheem tsim nyog.

Results

Peb tau paub txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntsws, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib xws thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm BCG. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no muaj feem xyuam rau hnub no.

Tib neeg raug txhawb kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob raws sijhawm. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ncua kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tias tus neeg mob tau ntsibmalaise los yog mob. Cov neeg mob ua xua raug pom zoo kom txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv BCG-M, tsis txhob tsis kam lees txoj kev ua tiav.

Txawm li cas los xij, txhua tus ib txwm muaj kev pheej hmoo thaum txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yog kev cuam tshuam hauv tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Tej zaum lawv yuav ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim loj uas yuav tsum tau sau tseg los ntawm kws kho mob.

BCG cov cai
BCG cov cai

Tsis tas yuav ntshai tsam muaj teeb meem. Nrog cov txheej txheem kom raug, tus neeg mob tsis zoo li yuav ntsib lawv. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog kub taub hau. Nws tshwm sim nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau.

Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob rau cov neeg laus thiab menyuam yaus tsuas yog muab hauv cov tsev kho mob uas muaj ntawv tso cai xwb. Cov txheej txheem zoo li no tsis yog ua los ntawm nws tus kheej. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv tuaj yeem muab BCG ntawm kev pabcuam thawj zaug.

Tsis txhob ntshai tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob TB. Qhov tseem ceeb yog ua tib zoo npaj rau cov txheej txheem. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov teeb meem tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsawg, thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj yuav yog siab tshaj.

Pom zoo: